How to distinguish fungal and bacterial diseases?

1. Fungal diseases:

1. Disease symptoms:

The main symptoms are necrosis, decay and atrophy, and a few deformities. The plant generally produces a white powder layer, a black powder layer, a downy mildew layer, a rust spore pile, a sclerotia, a mold, a mushroom-like matter, a cotton wool-like matter, a granular matter, a rope-like matter, a clayey granule and a small black spot, and the large symptoms can be directly observed with the naked eye.

2. Common diseases:

Smut, powdery mildew, rust, downy mildew, sclerotinia and so on. Common vegetables include eggplant verticillium, melon powdery mildew, and downy mildew; Field crops such as sunflower sclerotinia sclerotinia disease, watermelon, rice three major diseases, etc.

3. Chemical control methods:

There are many kinds of fungal diseases, and there are hundreds of conventional drugs, such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil, methyl tobuzin, amicida, etc.

2. Bacterial diseases.

1. Disease symptoms:

Bacteria invade through the stomata and wounds of the plant, and the initial lesions are water-stained or oil-stained edges, translucent, and the bacteria pus overflows on the lesions, and the plants after the onset of the disease generally show necrosis, decay or wilting. Spots, decay, necrosis, wilting, and tumors are mostly bacterial diseases.

2. Common diseases: cruciferous soft rot, Solanaceae bacterial wilt, potato ring rot, rice leaf blight, apricot leaf scorch, peach young fruit disease, bacterial perforation, etc.

3. Chemical control agents:

1) Antibiotics: agricultural streptomycin sulfate, chunleimycin, and mesomycin;

2) Copper preparations: copper hydroxide, copper king, copper alkaline sulfate, copper thiazole.

3) Others: chloroisocyanauric acid, sodium disulfonate, etc.

It is difficult to distinguish between fungal diseases and bacterial diseases, and they both have similar symptoms such as necrosis, decay, wilting, and deformity. Distinction can only be made by the different symptoms of the diseased parts of the affected crops. Fungal diseases can be seen in the affected crop disease department can see obvious mildew, powder, granular matter and other symptoms, the symptoms are actually the morphological structure of the fungal fruiting body, which is an important marker to distinguish fungal diseases. When the humidity is high, bacterial diseases can appear yellow or white droplet pus of different sizes in the diseased part, which is a unique symptom of bacterial diseases, and is a water bead-shaped, irregular granular or shiny film after drying.

Due to the limitation of the onset period and conditions, if the symptoms are not obvious, the occurrence of diseases in the field can be continued to be observed, and at the same time, the disease samples can be collected back to the laboratory, rinsed with water and moisturized to make the symptoms fully manifested, and then identified. For some diseases with special symptoms, such as bacterial wilt caused by bacteria, anatomical examination can be carried out to observe whether the diseased plant tissue has special pathological manifestations, such as vascular discoloration for diagnosis.

1. Fungal diseases:

1. Lesions of different shapes will be produced.

2. Different colors of mold or powder will be produced on the lesions, and there is no odor.

2. Bacterial diseases.

1. There is no mildew or powder on the lesions on the leaves, and the lesions are very thin and easy to crack or string holes.

2. Rhizomes and leaves are perishable and smelly.

3. The vascular bundle at the tip of the root is easy to turn brown.

3) Viral diseases.

The disease is mainly manifested in the young leaves, although there are few species, but the harm is great, easy to obtain and difficult to treat.

1. Mosaic virus, leaf wrinkled, yellow and green, golden and concave, dark green and convex, disease-free leaves are flattened, and the leaf eyebrows are fan-shaped.

2. Leaf type, the leaf is slender, the leaf vein is flushed, and it is linear.

3. Leaf curl type, the blade is twisted and bent towards the water.

4. Stripe type, on the tomato to ripen fruit, there is a blue-white, gradient rust color, not easy to color, and there are brown stripes on the inside and outside of the skin and flesh of the fruit. The tips of the pepper fruit turn yellow upwards, and short brown streaks appear in the yellowed areas.

Bacteria, fungi, and germs are three different microorganisms that have some similarities but also some differences.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can survive in many environments and have been on Earth for billions of years. Some bacteria are beneficial, such as helping humans digest food and produce vitamins, but some bacteria can cause disease.

Fungi are multicellular organisms, and they are different from plants and animals. Fungi can grow in many different places, such as in soil, trees, and animals. Some fungi are beneficial to humans, such as producing food and medicines, but some fungi can also cause diseases.

Germs are microorganisms that can cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms. Germs can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, airborne, food, and water, and can cause a variety of different diseases.

Therefore, although all three microorganisms can cause disease, they differ in their biological characteristics and mode of transmission.

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that have a cellular structure and a nucleus inside the cell and are the most advanced of these organisms;

Bacteria are prokaryotes that have a cellular structure but do not have a formed nucleus;Some are harmful to humans and are called germs;

Viruses are the simplest organisms in that they do not have a cellular structure, but are made up of proteins and a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA).