How to distinguish fungal and bacterial diseases

It is difficult to distinguish between fungal diseases and bacterial diseases, and they both have similar symptoms such as necrosis, decay, wilting, and deformity. Distinction can only be made by the different symptoms of the diseased parts of the affected crops. Fungal diseases can be seen in the affected crop disease department can see obvious mildew, powder, granular matter and other symptoms, the symptoms are actually the morphological structure of the fungal fruiting body, which is an important marker to distinguish fungal diseases. When the humidity is high, bacterial diseases can appear yellow or white droplet pus of different sizes in the diseased part, which is a unique symptom of bacterial diseases, and is a water bead-shaped, irregular granular or shiny film after drying.

Due to the limitation of the onset period and conditions, if the symptoms are not obvious, the occurrence of diseases in the field can be continued to be observed, and at the same time, the disease samples can be collected back to the laboratory, rinsed with water and moisturized to make the symptoms fully manifested, and then identified. For some diseases with special symptoms, such as bacterial wilt caused by bacteria, anatomical examination can be carried out to observe whether the diseased plant tissue has special pathological manifestations, such as vascular discoloration for diagnosis.

1. Fungal diseases:

1. Lesions of different shapes will be produced.

2. Different colors of mold or powder will be produced on the lesions, and there is no odor.

2. Bacterial diseases:

1. There is no mildew or powder on the lesions on the leaves, and the lesions are very thin and easy to crack or string holes.

2. Rhizomes and leaves are perishable and smelly.

3. There are scabs on the fruit, and there are small protrusions on the surface of the fruit.

4. The vascular bundle at the tip of the root is easy to turn brown.

Bacteria and fungi are relatively common pathogenic microorganisms, and there are many differences between bacterial infection and fungal infection, including pathogens, infection routes, clinical symptoms, measures and prognosis.

1.Pathogens: The pathogens that cause bacterial infections are mainly hemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella, etc.; The main pathogens that cause fungal infections are Candida albicans, Trichophyton barbae, and Cryptococcus neoformans.

2.Predisposing factors: **Mucosal damage, dysbiosis, decreased immunity, ectopic flora, etc. are predisposing factors for bacterial infection; Decreased autoimmunity, long-term use of drugs such as antibiotics or glucocorticoids, and diabetes are predisposing factors for fungal infections.

3.Clinical symptoms: bacterial infections are mostly manifested as an acute process, with symptoms such as redness, swelling, heat and pain, purulent discharge and other symptoms at the lesion site; Fungal infections are mostly chronic, and surface infections often present with inflammatory erythema, scaling, itching, abnormal discharge, and may also form ulcers and fistulas.

4.**Measures: Antimicrobial drugs are required for bacterial infection**, such as levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules, ceproprone dispersible tablets, etc., and surgery if necessary**; Fungal infections require the use of antifungal drugs**, such as luliconazole cream, voriconazole tablets, etc.

The above differences between bacterial and fungal infections are relative, and to accurately distinguish between fungal and bacterial infections, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible, and generally need to consider culture testing.

In fact, bacterial infections and fungal infections are very different in terms of symptoms, symptoms, methods, precautions, etc., and only by understanding the content in detail can we avoid confusion and prevent improper treatment after infection.