In which state is it best to investigate the number of insect individuals? Explain why.

Population dynamics survey to identify the population dynamics = distribution and hazard of an insect population in time and space, overwintering insect state and location, generation and occurrence period, and population changes in different periods, etc., to determine pest control measures. Appropriate period and method or natural enemy protection and utilization measures to prevent the effect of investigation to identify the changes in the insect population before and after prevention. residues and their impact on crops, people, livestock and natural enemies, etc., and evaluate the economic, ecological and social benefits of control measures.

The reporter learned today that the Taizhou biodiversity survey team overcame the impact of unfavorable factors such as high temperature and epidemic to accelerate the insect investigation. Sampling was carried out by setting up multiple sets of Malay's nets and light traps to enhance the accuracy and scientificity of monitoring. The team also set up an observation point at the Taizhou Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment to better understand the status of biodiversity in residential areas.

Insects are the most diverse, abundant and widely distributed animals in the world, and have a close relationship with human life. Insect species investigation and monitoring is the basis for the research and conservation of species diversity, and is of great significance for promoting agricultural and forestry production and ecological environmental protection. The survey will last for two months, and the team will regularly collect insects collected by traps and Malay nets, and count and summarize the types and numbers of insects, laying a solid foundation for finding out the current insect resources in Taizhou.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: As ...... the questionAnalysis:

As far as the population as a whole is concerned, they all have a few ears of chitin-accompanied exoskeletons. This exoskeleton protects the body on the one hand, and prevents the release of water from the body on the other. This is very important.

Because organisms evolved from aquatic to terrestrial, one of the problems that had to be solved was the loss of water from the body due to the drying of the land. For terrestrial invertebrates that do not have a chitin exoskeleton, they can only stay in relatively shady places, such as earthworms. Even amphibians among vertebrates can only stay near water due to their body surface.

Therefore, the problem of water retention has not been solved, which limits the living environment of the animal, so that it cannot become a truly free terrestrial animal. Insects, including other arthropods (insects are the main members of the large group of arthropods), are truly terrestrial invertebrates, and that's why: exoskeletons allow them to be found in all corners of the land, including deserts.

And this diversity of living environment, of course, has gradually evolved into a wide variety of types.

Secondly, they have segmented appendages that make them flexible in movement and sensation. Animals lower than them, although appendages, are not segmented, which limits the variety of animal movements. (Appendages refer to structures that grow from the trunk of animals with functions such as motor sensation, such as the feet, wings, and antennae of insects, the fins of fish, and the upper and lower limbs of humans.)

It's not hard to imagine what our lives would be like if we didn't have joints in our hands and feet. It can be said that in the animal kingdom, the first to use segmented appendages are arthropods (which is also the origin of their name), and subsequent animals must inherit this advantage and carry it forward if they want to surpass them. Different insects have different types of feet, which is suitable for their lifestyle.

Others, for example, have different mouthparts for different types and can be adapted to different foods; Diversification of reproduction methods, short reproduction cycles; Small size is also a factor, but it is not as important as chitin and segmented appendages.

1. Dry mud wasps: They like to nest in moist and warm places. They often build their nests in chimneys, where the temperature is suitable for the dry mud wasp to survive, but the young of the dry mud wasp often suffocate, so the dry mud wasp will build their nest in the wide chimney.

2. Fireflies: In appearance, it has six short legs and likes to use them for walks. When the male firefly is fully developed, they will grow wings because it is a beetle itself, and the female firefly will be in a larval state for the rest of its life.

3. Crickets: When choosing where to live, they don't choose naturally formed hidden places because these holes don't fit. They were all built in a hurry and without security.

They usually choose well-drained, sunny places, and when choosing these places, they have to build them themselves. 4. Grasshopper: strong feet, big belly and good jumping.

Found in wild grasses, low forests, and shrubs, often hiding in grass, or crawling, perching, and foraging on plant stems. It mainly eats the stems, leaves, melons, and fruits of plants. 5. Scarab:

Also known as the scarab, it is one of the largest and most well-known dung dung dung eaters. There are six fine-pointed teeth in front of the crescent-shaped parietal shell, which are not only digging tools and cutting tools, but also forks for inserting, lifting, throwing and throwing non-nutrient plant fibers in the manure material, and can also be used as a rake, bringing all the delicious things over. 6. Praying mantis:

With a wide green wing, a pair of front paws raised to the sky in a prayer gesture, but this sincere prayer hides its cruel customs. The pair of arms held high were actually its terrible **, its tools to prey on the gray locusts and white-fronted mites that passed by it. The sharp weapon strikes at the prey, so that the opponent has no power to parry, and even spiders and other insects are afraid when they see it, and become its food.

7. Cicadas: In the hot summer, people can often hear the cicadas, but no one may know that the cicada goes from eggs to larvae, and then becomes the singer of summer, and it has to hide in the burrow for 4 years. It has to go through the calamity of nine deaths and a lifetime before it can achieve positive results.

However, the singer's life is only 5 weeks, which means that the adult cicada sings in the summer for a very short time. I haven't seen the light of day for 4 years, and it's only been 5 weeks to sing in the world, so it's not surprising that it always has to be sung enough, and sometimes it makes you upset. 8. Firefly often has to use a crawler - in order to make up for the lack of strength in its own legs and feet - to climb to the top of the bottle, first carefully observe the movement of the snail, and then, make a judgment and choice, looking for a place where it can be hooked.

Then, just a quick and light bite is enough to make the opponent unconscious. It all happened in an instant. So, without further delay, Hotaru began to hurry up and make her delicacy, porridge, to prepare for a few days.

The alarming decline in insect populations warns that the number of insects will decline in 10 years1 4,100 years and become completely extinct in 10 years, and that if insects become extinct, birds and reptiles that feed on them will also be affected. Previous studies have pointed out that the Earth is in the midst of the sixth mass extinction in history, but most of them are concentrated on the larger animals that are easier to study, and less so on insects, which are the most diverse species on the planet and are critical to the functioning of the entire ecosystem. The report highlights that the same problems are facing the whole world, and points to industrial-scale intensive agriculture, overuse of pesticides, urbanization and global climate change as the main culprits in insect populations.

Goosen, a professor at the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom, said that insects can help pollinate most plants, keep farmland healthy, and control the number of harmful plants, emphasizing that humans cannot survive without insects.

Insects make up the majority of terrestrial living organisms and provide key benefits to many other species, including humans. They provide food for birds, bats, and small mammals; It also pollinates about 75% of the world's crops; and replenish the soil and control the pest population.

Insect populations are declining significantly around the world. This is because of the destruction of the environment, the destruction of the environment has affected the habitat of insects, and the food for insects has been reduced.

This is because the earth's environment is constantly deteriorating, and the existing environment is no longer suitable for those insects.

It is caused by global warming. Because of global warming, many insects do not adapt to too warm climates and become extinct.

Due to various industrial reclamation and various changes in the ecological environment, insects are not suitable for the current climate, and then a large number of species are extinct.

The best forecast of pests is to grasp in advance the occurrence of pests, the amount of occurrence, the severity of the damage to plants, and the distribution and spread range.

Pest forecasting is a necessary prerequisite for integrated pest management. Only by making timely and accurate forecasts of the occurrence of pests can we correctly formulate a comprehensive management plan and take necessary measures in time to economically and effectively reduce the number of pests.

1) Period-spacing method.

The time distance between the occurrence of each insect state is referred to as the "period distance". That is, the number of days that the insect has experienced from the previous insect state to the next insect state, or the number of days experienced by the previous generation to the next generation. The main methods are:

Periods are measured using actual survey data**. The beginning refers to the time when the percentage of a certain insect state reaches 20%, the peak stage refers to the time when it reaches 50%, and the terminal stage refers to the time when it reaches 80%. For example, the time interval between the peak pupation period and the peak emerging period of a lepidopteran pest is the duration of the pupae.

2) Phenology.

It is based on the fact that some species have the same temporal response to the comprehensive external environmental conditions in the same area. For example, a certain insect stage of a pest and its host plant appear at a certain growth stage (such as budding, first flowering, flowering, leaf development, etc.) at the same time, so that we can be able to develop a certain development period of the host to ** the occurrence period of the pest.

3) Accumulated temperature method.

It is a method of monitoring and reporting using the effective accumulated temperature rule. The effective accumulated temperature (k) refers to the cumulative value of the temperature above the starting point of development required by insects to complete a certain stage of development, and is used to analyze the relationship between insect development speed and temperature. The effective accumulated temperature rule is:

The effective temperature accumulation value required for an insect to complete the development of a certain insect state or generation is a constant, expressed in daily degrees.

4) Climatic Diagram Method.

Can be used for the distribution and number of pests.

5) Pattern indicator method.

According to the principle of the unity of biological organisms and living conditions, the advantages or disadvantages of external environmental conditions for insects are reflected in the morphological and physiological state to a certain extent. Therefore, the morphology or physiological state of the pest can be used as an indicator to ** the number of pests in the future. For example, in North China, when the winged adult aphid and the aphid account for about 38% to 40% of the aphid population, they will spread and migrate in large numbers after 7 to 10 days.

6) Population Estimation Method – Life Table.

Using field systematic investigation or laboratory experiments under certain conditions, the number of deaths, the causes of death and the number of reproduction in the adult stage of a certain group at each age or development stage were systematically observed and recorded in a certain form.

Population density, birth and death rates of populations, inflow and emigration rates, age composition and sex ratios.

There are currently names and surnames.

There are more than 1 million species of insects, accounting for 2 3 3 4 of the known species in the animal kingdom.

There are still 90% of the world's insect species that we don't recognize; According to the most conservative estimates, there are at least 3 million species of insects in the world, and there are still 2 million species to be discovered, described and named. With about 1,000 new species of insects discovered each year in the world and included in the Zoological Record, the journal is a must-consult search tool for researchers working on animal taxonomy.

Not only are there many species of insects, but there are also many individuals of the same species, some of which are surprisingly large. An ant colony can have up to 500,000 individuals; A tree can contain up to 100,000 individual aphids. In forests, there can be 100,000 springtail insects per square meter.

When the locusts occur in large numbers, the number of individuals can reach as many as 71.2 billion, the total weight is about 1,250 tons and 3,000 tons, and the swarm flight covers an area of 500 hectares and 1,200 hectares.

Graft propagation Graft propagation refers to the propagation method of grafting branches or buds of one plant onto other plants with roots, so that they can heal and grow into new independent individuals. People call the branches or buds used for grafting scion, and the plants with roots in the lower part are called rootstocks. Grafting propagation can maintain the traits of excellent plant varieties, accelerate plant growth and development, harvest medicinal materials in advance, and enhance the ability of plants to adapt to the environment.

Among the medicinal plants, there are chebula, cinchona, papaya, hawthorn, citrus aurantium, Xinyi, etc. There are three methods of grafting: grafting, bud grafting, and grafting: Grafting method can be divided into splitting, tongue grafting, and other forms, and the most commonly used is splitting and cutting.

Cutting is usually done in early spring before the trees begin to germinate and have not yet germinated. The diameter of the rootstock is 2 3 cm, 2 3 cm from the ground or flat, the rootstock is cut horizontally, the part with thick skin and smooth texture is split vertically, about 3 cm deep, take the scion with 2 3 buds with a length of 5 6 cm and cut it into two sections, insert the rootstock split, align the cambium layer of the scion and the rootstock, and bury the soil after tying it. Bud grafting method Bud grafting is to cut a bud piece on the scion, graft it on the rootstock, and germinate from the bud to form a plant after survival.

According to the different shape of the bud, it can be divided into several methods such as bud piece grafting, tip grafting, tube bud grafting and bud eye grafting, and the most widely used is bud grafting. In late summer and early autumn (July-September), select rootstocks with a diameter of more than centimeters, cut a T-shaped mouth, cut a T-shaped mouth, the depth to cut through the cortex, do not hurt or slightly hurt the xylem, the cutting surface is required to be straight, cut the shield-shaped bud with a slight xylem with a bud graft knife on the scion branch, insert it into the incision, make the bud piece and the rootstock inner cortex close, and tie it with hemp skin or film. The two branches that are ready to be connected to each other are cut off from each other on the opposite side of the bark of the same shape and size, 2 5 cm long, and then they are attached to each other and tied with plastic cloth strips.

After survival, the scion is cut off from the mother plant.