Parasites are ubiquitous in nature, how do animals defend themselves?

Parasites are ubiquitous in nature, and parasites are difficult for animals to resist. We humans have the help of drugs when facing parasites, but animals in nature are more likely to encounter parasites, how do animals defend against parasites?

The parasite that grows outside the animal's body is the ectoparasite, which is relatively easy to deal with and is very common. Fleas and lice, which are the main species of human beings, are a type of ectoparasite, and this parasite is also ubiquitous in animals.

When an animal has fleas, lice and other ectoparasites on its body, it is common for the same kind to help remove and defend against them。In the past, people used to clean lice and fleas for themselves or their partners, but nowadays there are very few lice or fleas on people's bodies. But in nature, lice and fleas can still be found on animals.

Animals clean and defend against lice or fleas in the same way that humans have done to clean up ectoparasites, and it is the animals themselves or their companions who help clean up and defend against the invasion of ectoparasites. Some animals will also rub off ectoparasites by bathing, rubbing mud, etc., and some animals with tails will also use their tails to clean up ectoparasites.

There are also various ways for animals to defend themselves against internal parasites. Because animals live in the wild, the food and water they come into contact with are likely to be full of parasites, so there are many bodily fluids in the animal's body that can clean up parasites.

Animals secrete fluids that are designed to clean up internal parasites to ensure their survival。In animals, the gastric juice secreted by the animal destroys the parasite and the parasite eggs. Because there may be a large number of parasites in the food, water, and even animal feces that animals eat, the gastric juice of animals is acidic and corrosive.

The gastric juice secreted by animals not only helps to digest food, but also helps to destroy most of the parasites and parasite eggs that animals eat. This is how animals clean up internal parasites.

Some of the internal parasites that animals eat into their bodies are not able to be digested by gastric juices secreted by animals. When animals do not have the ability to destroy parasites, they can only coexist with parasites

In nature, it has always been the law of survival of the fittest, and animals and parasites also follow the laws of nature. Although the gastric juice of animals can destroy a large number of parasites, there are also relatively strong parasites that are not afraid of the gastric juice of animals and can successfully survive in the body of animals. At this time, the animal can only live with the parasite, and the animal's body is constantly trying to secrete substances that can destroy the parasite, and the parasite is constantly absorbing the animal's nutrients.

Although animals and parasites coexist, it is not entirely a mutually beneficial process, and there is a high risk of death for animals or parasites.

Animals have a certain degree of immunity in their bodies, they can effectively prevent parasites in their bodies, and they will often resist each other, and their own immunity can eliminate them.

Because the teeth of animals are very sharp, if they find a parasite, they will bite them to death with their teeth.

Because the structure of mammals is complex, and the cubs need to be raised by their parents, they are not suitable for parasitic life.

This sail is a common phenomenon, and not only mammals, but also birds with complex homomorphic signal-like structures and parents raising their young, have no parasites. Car disturbance.

Bugs are typical of parasites, and the reason why they are able to parasitize other animals is that they have the ability to reproduce adaptively. The insects enter the host's body in different ways, and then grow and reproduce in the host's body.

Parasitism is a highly specialized ecological relationship in which one organism (the parasite) grows and reproduces within the body of another organism (the host). This relationship is usually harmful to the host and beneficial to the parasite. Through their special biological characteristics and habits, insects are able to make full use of the host's body to grow and reproduce.

However, other animals cannot parasitize on other animals because other animals lack the ability to reproduce adaptively, and do not have enough biological characteristics and living habits to make full use of the host's body. It may also be that the environment for its own growth and reproduction is suitable enough and does not need to be parasitized.

Because it is a parasitic "worm", not a parasitic beast.

What are you asking about animals that are parasitized by parasites? This boeze insect is called a host.

According to today's headlines, parasites live on or in the body of the host and obtain the nutrients they need from the host. Parasitic animals (animal parasites) are called parasites, and parasitic animals are called hosts.

The role of the host on the parasite:

1. Elimination of sexual immunity: the host can eliminate parasites in the body and develop complete resistance to reinfection.

2. Non-elimination immunity: most parasitic infections can cause the host to develop a certain degree of immunity to reinfection, but the original parasitic Bac. changru in the host can not be completely removed.

Think of a little possible reason.

Parasites are usually very small and have little nutritional value; And their hosts are much more powerful.

Imagine a lion with numerous fleas, how big can a flea feed be? Does he dare to dangle in front of a lion? In a word, feeding on parasites is not cost-effective.

At the same time, the above example also reminds me that there is a certain good symbiotic relationship in nature - "I feed on your parasites". For example, the famous "clean fish" - neon thorn fin fish to remove parasites for large fish, and some small birds to remove parasites for large mammals, is this considered a natural enemy?

There may be other reasons, but that's just the point for now.

I think parasites depend on the host, and the host is also a member of the food chain, and there are natural predators, which is one of them.

Second, parasites also have a struggle with inter-ethnic groups, and it is impossible to reproduce indefinitely.

There are not many insects in our bodies, and we have killed them, and there are hundreds of them.

There are two types of common parasites:

1. Endoparasites: There are many parasites in the body, such as roundworms, filarial worms, some bacteria, viruses, etc., these endoparasites will consume nutrients in the host, and some will damage the host's body cells and tissues, and the host will be affected by disease or even death. For example, HIV parasitism in the cells of the human body can make people lose their immune function, hepatitis virus parasitism in the body can cause people to develop infectious hepatitis, and tuberculosis bacilli can cause tuberculosis in people.

2. Ectoparasitic organisms: Ectoparasitic organisms are mainly some organisms that parasitize on the surface of the body, such as lice, aphids, red spiders, and some fungi. These organisms will attach to the surface of the host's body and feed on the host's nutrient solution or blood to maintain their life, which can easily cause diseases on the host's body surface, and in severe cases, infectious diseases.

For example, many people now suffer from athlete's foot, which is commonly known as "athlete's foot", which is actually caused by a mold parasitic on the human foot.

The above is a detailed introduction to the common parasites, and I believe that you will have a more comprehensive understanding of parasites after reading them. Parasites are very harmful to the host, and some parasitic viruses and bacteria can cause very serious diseases, so everyone should pay attention to hygiene, maintain good living habits, and avoid infection in their daily life.

I want to know all the information about how many parasites of this type of parasite are there, and I want to know all of them and even if they are not insects, but he can still parasitize in the bodies of other animals and humans like parasites, I want to know.

The "Liezi Tangwen" of the Spring and Autumn Period recorded: "The swarm of scorched borers flew and gathered in the mosquito eyelashes, and the Buddha touched each other." Habitat comes and goes, and mosquitoes are also awakened. ”

It means that there is a kind of insect called the scorch borer, which usually lives in groups on the eyelashes of mosquitoes, and there is no physical contact between the scorch borers, and the mosquitoes do not feel its existence.

The scorched borer, also known as "scorched mite", is a legendary extremely small insect. According to contemporary entomologists, it may be a parasitic mites, which shows that our ancestors have observed a mite that can parasitize mosquitoes more than 2,000 years ago.

In the book "Erya", it is mentioned that the parasitic fly, called "worm", is the phenomenon that the ancients found that it has a parasitic life in the practice of silkworm production.

Guo Pu of the Jin Dynasty said when he annotated "Erya" that "worm" also has a name called "chrysalis". According to the record in Lu Dian's "Pi Ya" in the Song Dynasty, this parasitic fly lays eggs on the silkworm and when the silkworm spins into a cocoon, the fly egg is born in the silkworm pupae and hatches into a fly maggot, commonly known as "worm", this kind of fly maggot burrows into the soil and soon turns into a fly.

Tan Zhenmo, a biologist in the Ming Dynasty, not only verified the correctness of the records of his predecessors, but also pointed out that this parasitic fly lays eggs on the back of the silkworm body, and all the eggs must be turned into fly maggots, suck the silkworm pupal body tissue, and finally drill out and turn into an adult, that is, a fly.

The ancient people called the worm is actually a multi-modal silkworm maggot fly. Its larvae parasitize the silkworm body, which causes the disease of silkworm flies and maggots. Tan Zhenmo of the Ming Dynasty once correctly pointed out that it was mainly the summer silkworms that were harmed by the parasitism of silkworm maggots and flies.

There are 7 10 silkworm pupae in the summer silkworm that are parasitized by flies and maggots, so they cannot develop normally, and only 3 10 silkworm pupae can develop and mature normally. It can be seen that it is very harmful to sericulture production.

It can be seen from this that the reason why Guo Pu called the worm "pupa" is because this parasitic fly is one of the main insect pests of silkworms, and its larvae are mostly in the pupal stage of the life history of silkworms, that is, the period before the pupae become adults. Therefore, the pupal has the meaning of the worm in the pupa.

This shows that in the Jin Dynasty at the latest, people already knew about the parasitic life of silkworm maggots and flies.