What are the top ten scientific and technological progress news in China in 2021 selected by the aca

They are the space station to open the era of long-term manned residence, the Chinese team won the 2021 Gordon Bell Prize for its supercomputing application that broke quantum hegemony, the important research results of Chang'e-5 samples have been released successively, new breakthroughs have been made in the rapid de novo domestication of heterotetraploid wild rice, the functional gene transfer from plants to animals has been confirmed for the first time, China has successfully developed -271 superfluid helium large-scale cryogenic refrigeration equipment, 1400 trillion electron volts, and Chinese scientists have observed the highest energy photons so far, China has achieved de novo synthesis of carbon dioxide to starch, China's first Mars exploration mission has been a complete success, and rare earth ions have achieved multi-mode quantum relay and one-hour optical storage.

Chinese researchers have successfully synthesized artificial starch. China's first Mars exploration mission was a complete success, and China's space station has been inhabited for a long time. Chinese researchers have successfully broken the quantum hegemony of supercomputing applications and won the 2021 Gordon Bell Prize.

14,000,000 billion electron volts is the highest photoenergetic energy ever observed by Chinese scientists. The experimental results of the Chang'e-5 sample have been released successively. A breakthrough has been made from unary tetraploid wild to rapid de novo domestication.

China has successfully developed large-scale cryogenic refrigeration equipment for superfluid helium at minus 271 degrees. Functional gene transfer from plant to animal was confirmed. Rare earth ions realize multi-mode quantum relay and one-hour optical storage.

China's first Mars exploration mission was a complete success, and China's space station opened an era of long-term residence of friends.

Dear, I have inquired for you that the top ten domestic scientific and technological achievements in 2023 are as follows:1The Chang'e-5 probe completed China's first exoterrestrial object sampling and return journey, and the collected samples were handed over to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, opening the application of lunar samples and scientific data.

2.For the first time, Chinese scientists cloned the main gene FHB7 for gibberella resistance and successfully transferred it to wheat varieties. This gene has stable resistance to scab in wheat disease resistance breeding.

3.The 55th navigation satellite of China's Beidou system was successfully launched, and the deployment of the Beidou-3 global navigation satellite system constellation was fully completed. 4.

China's "Haidou-1" non-liter dry man submersible achieved a maximum diving depth of 10,907 meters in the Mariana Trench. The manned submersible "Struggler" successfully sat at the bottom of the same trench, setting a new record of 10,909 meters for China's manned deep and high-diving submersibles. 5.

China took the lead in drilling deep-sea combustible ice in horizontal wells, and created two new world records of "total gas production of 10,000 cubic meters and average daily gas production of 10,000 cubic meters". 6.Chinese scientists have obtained the world's first high-precision Paleozoic marine biodiversity curve of more than 300 million years.

7.Chinese researchers have built a 76-photon quantum computing prototype "Chapter 9", which realizes the rapid solution of the "Gaussian boson sampling" task. 7.

Chinese scientists have obtained the world's first high-precision Paleozoic marine biodiversity curve of more than 300 million years. 8.China's highest parameter "artificial sun" - controllable nuclear fusion research device "China Circulator No. 2 M" was officially completed and discharged in Chengdu.

9.Chinese scientists published a report on the convergence of high-dimensional Kellerridge flow, and took the lead in overcoming the core conjectures that have been pending in the field of geometric analysis for many years, such as the Hamilton-Tian conjecture and the partial zero-order estimation conjecture. 10.

Chinese researchers have combined intelligent supercomputing with physical models, and through high-performance computing and machine learning, they have increased the limit of molecular dynamics by several orders of magnitude to a system scale of hundreds of millions of atoms. The above information is in Zhihu.

Summary. The top ten domestic scientific and technological achievements in 2023 include Mars exploration, the era of space station residency, starch synthesis, the Gordon Bell Prize, the highest energy photon, the research of the No. 5 sample, the new breakthrough of wild rice, low-temperature refrigeration equipment, gene transfer, rare earth ions, etc.

The top ten scientific and technological achievements in China in 2023 include Mars exploration, the era of space station residency, the synthesis of starch, the Gordon Bayery Award, the highest energy photon ridge fuji, the research of the hall Yin-5 sample, the new breakthrough of wild rice, low-temperature refrigeration equipment, gene transfer, rare earth ions, etc.

1. Mars explorationOn June 11, the China National Space Administration held the unveiling ceremony of the first batch of scientific images of the Tianwen-1 probe landing on Mars in Beijing, and released the panoramic view of the landing site, Martian topography and landform, "Chinese imprints" and "group photos of the landing" taken by the Zhurong Mars rover. The release of the first batch of scientific images marks the complete success of China's first Mars exploration mission. 2. On June 17 and October 16, the manned spacecraft of Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 were successfully launched, successfully sending astronauts into space.

Shenzhou-12 docked with the Tianhe core module to form a combination, and three astronauts were stationed in the core module for a three-month stay, carrying out a series of space science experiments and technical tests, and verifying in orbit the key technologies for the construction and operation of the space station, such as long-term stay of astronauts, regeneration and life protection, space material stool replenishment, out-of-cabin activities, extravehicular operations, and on-orbit maintenance. 3. Synthetic starch Starch is the most important carbohydrate in "porridge and rice", the main component of flour, rice, corn and other grains, and an important industrial raw material. Its main synthesis method is carried out by green plants to fix carbon dioxide through photosynthesis to lose the side fingers.

For a long time, researchers have been working hard to improve the life process of photosynthesis, hoping to increase the conversion rate of carbon dioxide and the efficiency of light energy use, and ultimately improve the production efficiency of starch. 4. Gordon Bell PrizeOn the afternoon of November 18, at the Global Supercomputing Conference (SC21) held in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) awarded the 2021 "Gordon Bell Prize" to the Chinese supercomputing application team. The joint research team, composed of researchers from Zhijiang Laboratory and the National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, won the award based on the application of the new generation of Shenwei supercomputer, "Real-time Simulation of Ultra-large-scale Quantum Random Circuits" (SWQSIM).

5. The international cooperation team led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, relying on the "High Altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory (LHAASO)", a major national scientific and technological infrastructure, has discovered 12 ultra-high-energy cosmic ray accelerators in the Milky Way, and recorded gamma photons with an energy of up to petaelectron volts (PEV, pata trillions), which is the highest energy photon ever observed by mankind.

Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the highest academic title in China's engineering science and technology, was established in June 1994 as a lifelong honor.

The academicians of the Chinese Engineering Chambers are elected and awarded the title of senior academicians to academicians who have reached the age of 80. Foreign experts and scholars who have a high level of engineering science and technology and enjoy a good reputation in the world, who have contributed to the development of China's engineering science and technology or have played an important role in promoting the international exchanges of China's engineering science and technology community, can be nominated and elected as foreign academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. [1]

According to the official website of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in March 2019, there are 892 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, including 439 senior academicians; In addition, there are 91 foreign academicians. There are 252 deceased academicians and 19 deceased foreign academicians. [2]

On November 18, 2021, the results of the 2021 co-optation of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences were officially announced, and 84 additional academicians were elected by the Chinese Academy of Engineering. [13]

Chinese name. Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Establishment time. 1994 year.

Establishment of units. People's Republic of China***.

Judging cycle. Co-opted academicians are elected every two years.

Definition. The highest academic title and lifelong honor in China's engineering science and technology.

If it is good to talk about the number of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, then according to the official website of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in July 2022, there are 958 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, including 136 in the Department of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, 137 in the Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, 117 in the Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, and 129 in the Department of Energy and Mining Engineering.

The 2023 academician selection time has not yet been announced.

The biennial election of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences will be carried out in an orderly manner this year. On February 17, the official website of the Chinese Academy of Sciences released the "One Picture Reading: Report of the 2023 Annual Work Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences", proposing to complete the election of academicians in 2023 in a steady and orderly manner.

The academician's every move is also in the public's attention, and the reporter learned that last year, some academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences were suspended from some of their rights because of their anomie.

Academicians are co-opted every two years, and in accordance with the provisions of the "Statute of Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences", researchers, professors or scholars and experts with Chinese nationality who have made systematic and creative achievements and significant contributions in the field of science and technology, love the motherland, have a decent style of study, and have Chinese nationality or equivalent titles, can be recommended and elected as academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

According to the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Co-optation of Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the co-optation of academicians is carried out every two years, and the number of co-opted academicians and their allocation are determined by the Presidium of the Academic Division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The base number of co-opted places is 60, and the presidium of the division can be appropriately increased according to the layout of disciplines and the needs of discipline development.

On February 17, the official website of the Chinese Academy of Sciences released the "One Picture to Understand: The Report of the 2023 Annual Work Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences", which lists the key tasks of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2023, including "fully implementing the tasks of deepening the reform of the academician system" and "completing the election of academicians in 2023 in a steady and orderly manner".

Academician Selection Criteria:

Academician is the highest academic title in science and technology established by some countries, and is generally a lifetime honor. In China, an academician usually refers to an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences or an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. In China, academicians were originally called faculty members, who were senior experts in a certain field.

Senior engineers, researchers, professors or experts with equivalent titles who have made significant and creative achievements and contributions in engineering science and technology, love the motherland, have a decent style of study, and have Chinese nationality may be nominated and elected as academicians. The co-optation of academicians shall be directly recommended by academicians and recommended by departments in accordance with the organizational system, and their applications will not be accepted. The selection of academicians needs to be nominated by Hongna, and the nomination qualifications are generally:

Second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award, second prize of Natural Science Award or above; It takes about three rounds of selection to become an academician.