What are the problems in the process of garlic cultivation?

I believe everyone has seen one-headed garlic, which is a relatively common garlic with special uses. The so-called one-headed garlic is that the bulb has no garlic cloves, only a round and ball-shaped garlic cloves. Because of the lack of nutrients, stunted development and inability to produce multi-cloved garlic bulbs, this kind of single-headed garlic has a unique pungent taste, has certain medicinal value, and has a higher anti-cancer and bactericidal effect than ordinary clove garlic.

There are many answers to the question of growing crops, but few people use the cultivation methods correctly. Why?

It is because of Brother Wang's experience of planting garlic this year that I understand the planting method, and many farmers are confused and confused.

Here, I will give you an analysis of three highly harmful diseases in the process of garlic planting.

Garlic blight. The disease is mainly manifested in water-stained spots in the middle of the leaf or at the tip of the leaf, which are pale to light yellow in color, and the leaf edge is light green. When the air humidity is too high, the lesions will rot, causing the plant to dry up and die. Ultimately affects garlic yield.

Prevention and control methods: In the early stage of the disease, use 800-1000 times of 72% frost urea manganese zinc wettable powder, or 800 times of downy mildew hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. 400-500 times of 64% manganese-zinc wettable powder can be sprayed.

Garlic leaf spot.

The diseased leaves are small white spots at the beginning, and then gradually expand into oval or fusiform lesions, ** showing withered yellow and reddish-brown edges. Yellow on the periphery. Due to the rapid onset of the disease, it can quickly lead to the distortion and death of the leaf tip.

Prevention and control measures: 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times solution, or 65% zeb wettable powder 400-600 times solution in the early stage of the disease.

The lesions are oval, light brown at first, then grayish-white, leaves; Both sides will confluent with black mold, which will eventually lead to partial death of the leaves.

prevention and control methods; At the initial stage of the disease, you can use 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 1500 times of 50% iprodione wettable powder.

All three of these diseases are key to the reduction of garlic production. During the planting process, we should have a clear understanding of these three diseases, and prevent and control them in a timely and effective manner to reduce the loss of garlic. In order to plant better, it is necessary to do the key, timely and control.

1.Garlic blight, pale in the middle and tips of the leaves. 2.Garlic leaf spot, small white spots. 3.Garlic gray spot, which goes from grayish-brown to off-white, causes black mold until it wilts.

Garlic sclerotinia sclerotinia is a symptom that in addition to garlic, it also harms onions, leeks, etc. At the onset of garlic, the outer leaves appear yellow and grow slowly. The symptoms of garlic leaf blight are epidemic diseases, which infect the leaves and leaf sheaths, and the leaf tips are dark brown and dry at the beginning.

The color food garlic base should be far away from the city, industrial and mining areas and major traffic arteries, and there are no "three wastes" emission enterprises in the base area and its surroundings. The farmland has a good atmospheric environment, and the irrigation water quality and soil environmental quality must meet the "Environmental Quality Standards for Green Food Producing Areas". The soil suitable for the growth of garlic should be deep, fertile, and the organic matter content should be above, and loam soil should be the best.

When it comes to the specific time to sow garlic, never too early or too late. This situation is harmful.

Sowing too early, the seedlings grow vigorously before the human winter and when the temperature drops, which will consume too much nutrients from the garlic seeds, and the plants will be tall, reducing the ability to overwinter. In severe cases, the garlic seeds will re-verify, resulting in the formation of compound cloves of garlic in the next year and the loss of commercial characteristics; Sowing too late, before winter, when the temperature drops, the garlic seedlings are too small, the root system is weak, the tissue is tender, the accumulated nutrients are less, the cold resistance is poor, and the winter cannot be safely overwintered. Therefore, the sowing period must be strictly controlled when sowing autumn garlic.

Garlic is sown at a different time because of the different sowing seasons. The most suitable time for sowing garlic in autumn is generally from mid to late September to early and mid October, with an average daily temperature of 20-22 degrees. At this time, the temperature is suitable and the weather is cool, which is suitable for seedlings to emerge and grow.

In the specific planting area of garlic, the suitable sowing period in Shandong Province is before and after the cold dew, that is, in early October, and the suitable sowing period in Beijing and Shaanxi Province is white dew.

It ends around the beginning of the autumnal equinox, which is from September 16 to September 24. Sowing seeds at this period, the seedlings can grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart before overwintering. Plants at this stage are the most resistant to cold, and in the open field cultivation mode, they can safely overwinter with a little mulching.

It takes about 35-40 days for seedlings to grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart.

Each place can be calculated according to the specific local climatic conditions, if the mulch film covers the cultivation mode, the suitable sowing date should be delayed by 5-10 days than the mulch film, so as not to be too high under the mulch, the seedling grows vigorously, and the plant height is too high during the overwintering and reduces the cold resistance to frost damage, and can not be safely wintered.

Common diseases of garlic include leaf blight and gray mold, both of which are fungal diseases.

The prevention and control of leaf blight should be carried out in three steps: scientific field management and spraying fungicide solution

1) In the stage of seed selection and seedling, the main thing is to improve the disease resistance of plants.

2) Remove the diseased plants after harvesting in time, and bury or burn them deep after collection.

3) Spray with 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid, or 75 chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times night, or 70 mancozeb wettable powder 500 times spray, and 16 grams of water per mu for 30 kg of water spraying on vegetable plots.

Botrytis cantrytis causes garlic petioles and underground garlic heads to rot, which generally occurs in the middle and late stages of garlic growth, and the main damage is manifested on the leaves。At the onset of the disease, there will be water-stained lesions on the leaves, and then become gray-brown or white, and the lesions will expand in the later stage of the disease, forming gray-fusiform or oval-shaped gray-white spots, and in severe cases, the whole leaf surface will generate a gray-brown villous mold layer, and then the leaves will dry up, the root system is unstable, and the garlic can be pulled out of the ground with a little force. The pathogen overwinters in the form of hyphae attached to the soil or diseased remains.

To prevent and control gray mold, we must first strengthen scientific field management, reasonable dense planting, keep garlic fields well ventilated, pay attention to moisture, and drain waterlogging in time after rain. Then, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were added to the vegetable fields to improve the disease resistance of the plants. Go to the vegetable field to observe the growth trend of garlic, and find that the disease is sprayed with 70 mancozeb wettable powder 500 times or 50% carbendazim 800 times.

For garlic, common pests include root maggots, allium thrips, leaf miners, grubs, etc.

To kill underground pests, you can use well-rotted organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, according to 90 crystalline trichlorfon 750 grams mixed with 50 kg of water to make a solution, and then mixed with 750 kg of manure in the proportion of application. Garlic seeds and fertilizers should be separated from each other at an appropriate distance and should not be in direct contact to avoid seed burning and seedling burning. Before sowing, press 100::10 garlic cloves, dimethoate emulsion and water

3. The weight ratio is mixed for sterilization and disinfection to improve the ability of garlic seeds to resist diseases and insects.

In view of the living habits of garlic maggots like moisture and are afraid of dryness, they can also be mixed with 2 kg of trichlorfon powder per mu and 25 kg of fine dry soil to stir evenly and sprinkle them in the ditch or around the garlic roots, maggots are afraid of dry environment, and 150 kg of grass ash can be applied per mu along the ditch for control. In the larval stage of garlic maggot, the garlic can be irrigated once a week with 1500 times of net or 48% Lesben emulsifiable concentrate or 50% phoxanthion 800 times or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times of liquid to irrigate the roots of garlic for 3 times. In the adult stage of root maggots, sweet and sour solution can be used as bait to kill.

Use 2 parts of sugar, 2 parts of vinegar, mix a small amount of water and trichlorfon to make a solution, and put it in a pot in the field to trap it. It can also be sprayed with pesticides, such as dichlorvos 50 or phosphine 50 phosphine 1000 times, to eliminate adult worms.

In case of other insect pests such as allium thrips and leaf miners, corresponding insecticide sprays can be used for control.

For example, leaf blight, mosaic disease, purple spot, rust, and soft rot, etc., and it is necessary to strengthen field management at ordinary times, and it is necessary to spray pesticides in time.

There are purple spot, leaf blight, rust, mosaic disease, bacterial soft rot, these are all more serious.

Soft rot and garlic blight, these two diseases are the most common, and the harm to garlic is also quite large, so it will always be a headache for farmers.

At the onset of the disease, the leaves not only appear yellow stripes, but also twisted, cracked, and wrinkled; The leaf tips are dry and shriveled, the root system is poorly developed, and it is yellowish-brown in color. In general, garlic is relatively short and thin, and in severe cases, it will reduce the yield in a large area. Big summary!

In April, we must pay close attention to the prevention and control of the five major diseases of garlic! Generally, plots with poor management, insufficient fertilizer and water, and a high number of aphids are more likely to develop garlic virus disease. If there is a high temperature and drought during this period and there is no rain for a long time, it is likely that the virus disease will break out soon.

For garlic virus disease, Ningnanmycin, oligosaccharides, catenin and diffuser can be used for prevention and control. After harvesting, you must remember to clean up the diseased plants in time, and burn them intensively or bury them deeply.

When the disease occurs, the leaves turn green and yellow, become soft, and rot longitudinally along the veins starting from the tip of the leaf. The roots will rot and have a foul smell. The whole plant is short and grows slowly.

Garlic root rot usually occurs in a high temperature and humidity environment, and special attention should be paid to high temperatures. If the temperature is 25-30 degrees, coupled with the recent rainfall, it is easy to cause root rot. Once the disease environment is suitable, the spread of garlic root rot is very fast, and garlic growers must do a good job of prevention and control in time to avoid a significant decline in garlic yield in the later stage.

It is suitable for garlic root rot, methamethal-m, oxamycin, ningnanmycin, etc. It can be used with a diffuser to control it. Severely diseased plants and dead plants must be pulled out of the field in time to prevent the spread of the disease.

As the disease progresses, the lesions gradually spread to the lower part of the leaves, eventually causing a large number of leaves to dry up or rot. When the humidity is high, a white, gray, or dark brown layer of mold will also appear on the lesions. In severe cases, the entire plant will die.

Seriously affects the yield and quality of garlic. These diseases of garlic are seriously harmful to the leaves, and only one drug can effectively solve the causes of garlic tips There are many reasons for the dry tips of garlic, including physiological reasons and pathological reasons. Physiological reasons, mainly nutrient deficiencies, timely watering and topdressing, will soon be relieved.

The pathological causes are mainly caused by the following diseases: garlic root rot: garlic root rot is a disease that often occurs in the mother stage of garlic rot, which mainly harms the roots of garlic and causes root rot.

Due to the lack of water and nutrients, the above-ground leaves grow slowly, and the leaf tips dry outIn severe cases, it causes the entire leaf to dry out.

Garlic leaf blight is one of the most common diseases in the growing season of garlic, especially in spring, with low temperature, frequent rainfall and high humidity in the field, which mainly damages leaves and flower stalks. After leaf infection, white spots appear on the leaf first, mostly starting from the tip of the leaf. After enlargement, the lesion is irregularly shaped and grayish-white.

When wet, black mold appears on the lesions, turning from grayish-white to grayish-brown. The lesions spread from the tip of the leaf from top to bottom, and in severe cases, the whole leaf died. Garlic leaf blightGarlic wilt:

Garlic wilt is the most common disease in garlic production and can occur all year round. Mainly harms leaves. In the early stages of the disease, grayish-white to pale yellow patches are produced in the middle or tip of the leaves.

Under high humidity conditions, the spots spread rapidly, and soon half or the entire leaf wilts or rots, and sparse gray-white mold is produced on the spots.

There are many diseases of garlic, and the hazards of garlic are: garlic leaf blight, bacterial molluscemia, garlic sclerotinia disease, blight, mildew, etc. Therefore, garlic diseases should be distinguished as soon as possible and prevented and controlled correctly.

The main diseases of garlic are purple spot, leaf blight, rust, mosaic disease, bacterial soft rot, etc.

Prevention and control technology: 1) Selected garlic species: as far as possible, detoxified garlic, disease-resistant garlic, disease-free and robust garlic species, selected garlic species before sowing, and 2 bags per mu with Tianda 2116 dipping seed special type, mixed with kilograms of water, evenly sprayed with garlic seeds.

2) Rotation planting: It is necessary to choose loam or sandy loam land with flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, rich soil organic matter, strong water and fertilizer retention ability to plant garlic, and avoid continuous cropping or heavy stubble with lily crops such as onion and garlic. Insist on alternating planting of garlic with wheat, corn and other gramineous crops to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

3) Clean the field: After the garlic is harvested, remove the diseased leaves, stems and other residues and films in the field in time, and turn the soil more than 25 cm deep to eliminate the residual bacteria in the soil. Before sowing garlic, it is necessary to turn the soil deeply, dry it for more than 15 days, reduce the number of soil residual pathogen groups, and increase the application of organic fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and micro fertilizer to improve the nutritional level of garlic, promote the health of seedlings, and improve disease resistance.

4) Mulching reduces soil moisture evaporation, increases ground temperature, reduces the number of irrigation and the chance of germ transmission.

5) Strengthen soil fertilizer and water management. During the growth period of garlic, pay attention to timely and timely irrigation, top dressing and cultivating loose soil to keep the soil moist, increase soil temperature, and maintain robust growth. And in the seedling stage, the motherhood stage, the garlic sprout elongation period and the bulb expansion stage, different types of Tianda 2116 should be sprayed in time to promote root development, improve the disease resistance of plants and the ability to adapt to various harsh environments.