What are the main causes of deafness and mute in children?

Deaf and dumb

Deafness and dumbness means that the mouth cannot speak, and the ears cannot hear。The most common cause of deafness and mute in children is the loss of hearing impairment or loss of speech.

There are 4 factors that contribute to deafness:

1) Congenital factors. Genetic causes, such as rubella during pregnancy, taking medications, etc.

2) Acquired factors. It is caused by birth trauma, dystocia, neonatal hypoxia, premature infants, low neonatal weight (less than 1500 grams), as well as infantile meningitis, encephalitis, facial deformities, etc.

3) Drug factors. Common drugs are gentamicin, streptomycin, neomycin, etc.

Regardless of the cause of hearing impairment, children can lose the sense of sound, learn to pronounce, and learn language, resulting in muteness.

Normally, 20 weeks old

The child has responded to sounds; 1～3Different phonemes can be distinguished at the age of months；Able to learn pronunciation at 10 months; When he is 1 year old, he will be called "Dad, Mom"; At the age of 2, he can say two-word sentences, such as "mine", etc. It can be seen that the enlightening and alluring effect of hearing function on speech function is very huge. In addition, babies will also imitate pronunciation by looking at other people's mouths.

If the baby does not respond normally to external sounds, does not wake up when there is a loud noise, or is slow to learn to speak, it should be examined and treated as soon as possible.

According to incomplete statistics, about 75% of deaf-mute children in deaf-mute schools are caused by the use of deaf-causing drugs, and their hearing recovery is generally difficult.

4) Diseases of the ear itself. Otitis media is more common in childhood and can damage hearing if left unchecked. After tympanic membrane perforation, if the perforation is large, tympanic membrane repair or tympanoplasty can be used to reconstruct or restore hearing.

Sensorineural deafness is called sensory deafness caused by measles and rubella and cochlear damage to the inner ear, which eventually leads to deafness. This type of deafness damages the hair cells involved in hearing in the inner ear's Corti's apparatus, and once damaged, the hearing cells cannot be restored. The first to be damaged is high-frequency hearing, with a damage rate of 10% to 20%.

Because the self-perceived symptoms of hearing loss in the inner ear are not obvious, it often fails to attract the attention of the patient, resulting in deafness.

For deaf-mute children, it should be done as soon as possible。Children with some residual hearing can try to wear hearing aids and be given appropriate hearing and language training, so that they can gain some conversation skills.

Total deafness, i.e., bone conduction hearing loss of more than 100 decibels, can be expected to return to the sound world through the installation of electronic cochlear implants. At present, the world's multi-lead programmable cochlear implants have been able to enable some patients with total deafness to reach the level of independent answering**.

Congenital deafness can be caused by the mother's AIDS or the use of large amounts of ototoxic drugs during pregnancy. There is also hereditary deafness, which is secondary to genetic defects such as genetic or chromosomal abnormalities. Acquired deafness is mainly caused by the use of ototoxic drugs or high fever and certain diseases after the child is born.

Deaf-mute is divided into congenital deaf-mute and acquired deaf-mute, and acquired deaf-mute, accounting for 67% of deaf-mute patients86%, congenital deafness and mute accounted for 14%?33%。Acquired deafness and mute usually occur in children before the age of 5 after birth.

There are many causes of this deafness, which are not hereditary. The causes of congenital deafness are more complex than those of acquired deafness, and there are two main causes. First, health care is not done well during pregnancy, such as infection with viral diseases (especially rubella virus) in the first three months of pregnancy, use of certain drugs, and X-ray radiation on the abdomen; Chronic diseases during pregnancy, such as diabetes, nephritis, etc., these hormones hinder the structural development of the fetal ear and are easy to cause deafness.

In addition, injuries to the fetus's head during childbirth can also cause deafness, which is not inherited. The second is genetic factors, but they are uncommon, and some are caused by inherited genetic and chromosomal abnormalities.

There are many reasons, such as deafness and mute in children when they are not fully developed in the fetus, and deafness and dumbness in children because of fever in early childhood.

In fact, when we say mute, we often mean people who can't speak, and it's not that they can't pronounce words.

A deaf person cannot speak, just as a blind person cannot see a picture. The blind man can't draw not because his hands can't move the brush, but because he can't see the effect of the strokes, and of course he can't determine the next move. Even if he was a famous painter, once he lost his eyesight, he had to stop writing.

The same is true of speaking. When a normal person speaks, he is always under the monitoring of his own ears, and from the beginning of a child's learning to speak, he listens and speaks. When he pronounces it correctly, he gets the affirmation he deserves right away, and when he says it wrong, he gets it denied.

Slowly, I learned that "ba-ba" stands for my father and "ma-ma" for my mother......In this way, I listened while talking, and gradually learned to speak. If he can't hear his own pronunciation at all, he won't be able to judge the effect of his speech, and he won't be able to express his desires in words.

Physiologically, this relationship between deafness and mute is called verbal feedback. Just as the human eye and muscle feedback can guide the movement of the hand, the human body also has a sophisticated and perfect speech feedback system to listen to every sound it makes at all times. If the pitch is found to be low, increase the tone of the vocal cords; If you find that the single is not accurate, adjust the corresponding pronunciation part in time until you are satisfied.

Some people have acquired diseases or language center lesions, although these people cannot speak, their hearing is intact and their ears are not deaf.

So it is often "ten deaf and nine dumb", not "ten dumb and nine deaf".

If you are deaf at birth (i.e., congenital deafness) or learn a small amount of language in childhood, and then you gradually forget the severe deafness caused by pollution disease or drug poisoning, it will lead to deafness and muteness.

Deaf-mute people can't speak, policies and regulations, not because of the disease of the speech organs, the principle of hearing aids, but because hearing makes deaf people unable to hear language, thus losing the opportunity to imitate and learn language. A deaf-mute person is a person who is born deaf or severely deaf at an early age and loses the ability to hear and learn a language, or who has initially learned a language but loses the ability to speak again due to deafness.

Congenital deafness: refers to a hearing impairment that is present after birth. Therefore,"Deaf"The first place"Dumb"The second one, so there is"Ten deaf and nine dumb"Parlance.

It can be seen that due to the damage of one organ, the function of another set of organs is linked, so that the patient suffers from the double pain of deafness and muteness. Some people do not understand this truth and mistakenly believe that tongue-tie and tonsillar hypertrophy are the main causes of dumbness, so they ask for tongue-tie cutting and tonsil removal, which obviously does not help.

Prevention of deafness, maintenance of hearing, early treatment of deafness, and prevention of deafness are the main links in the prevention and treatment of deafness. To prevent deafness, it is important to understand the causes of deafness. Deafness is divided into two categories: congenital deafness and acquired deafness.

The reason may be that the child's hearing organs are underdeveloped or not developed during the maternal embryonic period. This is often accompanied by developmental deformities of the head, face, or other parts of the body, and is associated with genetics. Children are often found to have ear deformities such as microtia, absent auricle, and atresia of the external auditory canal after birth.

In patients with only external auditory canal or middle ear deformities, the hearing examination is conductive, which can be improved by surgery, and if the inner ear is abnormally developed, it manifests as sensorineural hearing loss,** which can be implanted with a cochlear implant.

Acquired deafness: It refers to the fact that there is no problem with the auditory organs at birth, and then the hearing is impaired due to various reasons, so that you can't hear others or you have initially learned some language, and you are deaf, but you are gradually forgotten because you don't use it for a long time after deafness, and finally become deaf and dumb. The causes of acquired deafness include damage from ototoxic drugs, trauma, infectious deafness, etc.

In order to prevent deafness, the following aspects should be noted:

1. Pay attention to the prevention of congenital deafness, strengthen genetic research, and take eugenic measures;

2. Strengthen the health care of pregnant women to prevent viral infection, syphilis infection, and the abuse of ototoxic antibiotics;

3. Control and ** various polluted diseases that may cause deafness, such as encephalitis, measles, mumps, typhoid, scarlet fever, malaria, etc.;

4. Positive**Acquired ear diseases such as chronic catarrhal otitis media and chronic purulent otitis media that may cause deafness;

5. Early surgery for external auditory canal deformities and middle ear deformities in deaf children** to improve hearing and provide the necessary hearing for imitating and learning language;

6. Carry out hearing examinations for young children and preschool children in a planned manner to detect hearing defects at an early stage;

7 Provide large amounts of iodine-containing foods, such as iodized salt, to areas lacking iodine to correct hypothyroidism.

In rural areas, the probability of deaf-mute people is always 9 out of 10 deaf and dumb, which is why, because the nerves of the body's hearing organs are very close to the Adam's apple, and when the Adam's apple changes, it compresses the hearing nervous system. So that's what happened to me.

Deaf and dumb people are unable to hear with their ears, resulting in inability to speak. If you haven't heard of it, how can you learn it, so it's called deaf and mute. In fact, their vocal cords are all good, just like normal people, but they can't hear with their ears.

Abstract: We all know that there are two kinds of deafness, one is congenital deaf-mute and the other is acquired deaf-mute. As we all know, acquired deafness and dumbness can be **.

So, can congenital deafness be cured? What are the causes of congenital deafness? Let's take a good look at it and understand this aspect well, I hope it will be helpful to you.

What causes congenital deafness.

1. Autosomal dominant inheritance.

If one of the parents is sick, the sick parent is heterozygous, and the child has a 1 2 chance of getting the disease; The sick party is homozygous, and the child is 100% sick; If both parents are deaf and heterozygous, the child has a 3 4 chance of getting sick and 1 4 is normal. However, if the child does not get the disease, the child's offspring will not get the disease again, so the child will no longer have the disease gene in the child.

2. Autosomal recessive inheritance.

Assuming that both parents have a normal phenotype, but both carry the genes that cause deafness and mute and both pass on to the next generation, a deaf child will be born with a chance of 1 4;However, if only one party passes on the deaf-mute gene to the next generation, the offspring will become the carrier of the deaf-mute gene and will not cause disease, with a probability of 1 2;If none of the disease-causing genes are passed on, the offspring will be healthy without disease-causing genes, and the probability is 1 4.

If both parents are born with hereditary deafness and mute, and the allele is genetic, the child born is deaf and mute, regardless of gender. In this case, fertility is not allowed. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly know that at least one of the two people is non-hereditary deaf-mute before considering the issue of childbearing, so as to prevent the next generation from suffering from deaf-mute again.

Can congenital deafness be cured?

I don't know how old the patient is, if he is already an adult, then this congenital deafness is meaningless. Because this condition is due to deafness, it is congenital deafness that causes the patient to be unable to hear sounds during the period of learning speech (around the age of 2 years), and loses the opportunity to learn language, resulting in the vocal cords not being able to make sounds. However, if you are a newborn and you are found to be deaf, you can undergo cochlear implantation** at around the age of 2 years to promote hearing recovery and perform speech and pronunciation training to avoid deafness.

But the cost is expensive, generally reaching hundreds of thousands.

Congenital deaf-mute disease how**.

Congenital deafness is a congenital developmental problem that may have been caused by the use of drugs that cause deafness during pregnancy, or the receipt of radioactive materials, and the exact cause cannot be determined. Once diagnosed, there is no good way to carry out **, first of all, you can consider wearing hearing aids, but some people may not be very effective in installing hearing aids, you can consider installing cochlear implants when you are burning, the installation cost of cochlear implants is relatively expensive, about 100,000 yuan, the country has certain discounts in this regard, you can go to consult in detail.