Targeted drugs are not so perfect, but why are they still so expensive?

The cost of developing and designing a new targeted drug is enormousand even billions of dollars. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies set the drug ** very high. Some people ask why in our country it is not imitated like the Indian one to reduce the drug**?

This is mainly because of the concessions made in China in order to better add to the WTO, and the trademark law in China grants this drug a patent for a validity period, and it cannot be imitated during the maintenance period. Some people also ask why this kind of pharmaceutical company can't go in volume? Since most of the targeted drugs are used by patients with malignant tumors in the middle and late stages, the survival period of such patients is relatively short, and they are very prone to drug resistance, so the overall population is not very large.

There is no doubt that the price of targeted drugs has been accurately calculated, and various cost factors have been added to ensure that the pharmaceutical company can make a large profit. However, due to the low scientific research capacity and capital investment in China, there are very few patented drugs, and more than 90% of them are generic drugs after the expiration of the patent right.

That is to say, generic drugs do not have scientific research funds, and the cost of raw materials and products is not too large, so they should be given to patients cheaply. This must also be said that the consistency evaluation of drug strength, China is only developing at this stage, many drugs include the best leukemia in the drug god film, the actual effect is not very good in China because there is no consistency evaluation of drug strength, a drug imported to China, and then applied to patients, there will be many times the whole process of price increase. Import taxes, expensive income taxes, and a variety of high-quality business price increases will all cause drugs to remain high.

Therefore, when this targeted drug is used by the patient, the cost will become very high. For ordinary people, the monthly cost of tens of thousands of yuan or even hundreds of thousands of yuan is simply not enough to bear. The more expensive the medicine, the better, under the guidance of the doctor, it is more important to choose the medicine that is suitable for your own condition and stress.

Clinical medicine sees such a patient, it is especially reasonable to use a chemotherapy drug, and this kind of drug is cheap, and then the doctor proposes that it be used to stop and stop, naturally every time a variety of index values are rigorously detected, and the drug is stopped for a period of time after obtaining the permission of the attending doctor, which not only increases the duration of drug resistance, but also reduces the cost, and does not need to change the wound all the time. Chances are: This patient was lucky! Find a medicine that is suitable for you.

It's because this drug still has a certain effect, and it's a relatively sparse drug so far, although it's not too perfect, but there's no other option.

There is no other ** way, although it is not perfect, but the success rate is relatively high, so it is so expensive.

Because this kind of patent protection fee is required, it will be more expensive, and the drug that has just been marketed is indeed more expensive.

The cost of processing and manufacturing is lower than that of ChinaIndia's population is similar to that of the Chinese, but according to news reports and some Indian films, we can realize that Indonesia's daily living standard is relatively low in China, and the per capita net income is much cheaper in China, so cheap employment has the advantage of lower cost for the manufacturing industry. This prompts the production of a drug, the cost of manufacturing in China will be higher, and the cost will be higher than the selling price.

In China's drug supervision and manufacturing is strictly implemented in the scope of international policies and regulations approved by the scope of manufacturing, only the manufacturing enterprises that have obtained the protection of China's intellectual property rights can produce and manufacture anti-cancer drugs, and other companies are not allowed, which leads to the monopoly and rarity of anti-cancer drugs, resulting in the high cost of anti-cancer drugs. And India's China, the maintenance of patent rights is not strict, China only grants the patent right of the processing technology of commodity production, and is not a full range of patent rights connected with the secret formula, so it has created an opportunity for imitation companies, similar drugs are more, and it is cost-effective to employ people, and the imitation drugs manufactured naturally are relatively cost-effective compared to the real product.

**Cancer drugs in India are not patented, so India's pharmaceutical companies can be imitated at will, here on the vast majority of our country can not do it at all, like everyone to join the WTO is actually to accept the basic control in this regard, intellectual property protection in the world today most of our country is reasonable, but in India's body invalid, and India's is mainly the implementation of the current policy of free medical care for all, ** department of pharmaceutical companies and sales of market drugs ** supervision is very strict, The price of the drug is not determined by the pharmaceutical company and the sales market, but only by India**.

Because India's household living standards and India's economic development are actually not high, so many products on the market are actually not frighteningly high, the most important thing is that India will not take people's livelihood projects as a special tool to make money on people's livelihood projects, so India's diagnosis and treatment field is not really controlled by assets and sales markets, or tightly controlled in the hands of the first department, pharmaceutical companies will not allow even if they want to ****** the department. This is also to better maintain the current policy of free medical care for all employees in India, and ultimately India's economic development.

The main reason is that the cost of his clinical trials is low, and people in India can spare their lives and use human lives to do drug experiments at will. And India has a very large population, there are 1.3 billion people in India, and there are many different races in India, whites, blacks, yellows, and the gene pool is very huge. There is a large number of Indians who are very poor, and they don't dare to ** when they are sick, so they carry it or go to medical experiments to get a small payment.

The main reason is that Indian drugs are mainly generic drugs, and there are no relevant patent rights, and the quality effect cannot be guaranteed.

I think the most important thing is that these drugs in India are generic, and these drugs in China are all imported drugs, which leads to a substantial increase in the number of these drugs when they are sold in China.

The average cost of developing a new drug is about $100 million, including $1.4 billion in R&D expenses and $100 million in investment losses over the same period, not counting the average $100 million after-sales expenses per drug.

Why can't these pharmaceutical companies make small profits but sell quickly? Because most of the targeted drugs are used by patients with advanced cancer, the survival period of these patients is relatively short, and they must change drugs if they have drug resistance (which is why many drugs can be free after taking 150,000 or how much money, because many people can't hold on for a long time after being free at all, or drug resistance), so the total number of drug buyers is always on a more appropriate basis (the number of people is not too much, so "multi-sales" cannot exist). Taking inflation and the research and development of alternative drugs into account, the price of a new imported drug must have been carefully calculated to ensure the maximum profitability of the pharmaceutical company.

From a pharmacological point of view, targeted drugs are new dosage forms that can be specially researched and developed in recent years with the help of carriers, ligands or antibodies, which can selectively reach target tissues, target organs, and target cells at specific sites. Especially in cancer, compared with other drug dosage forms, it has incomparable superiority, which can minimize the impact of anti-cancer drugs on the body's normal tissues and organs.

It is normal to be expensive, the cycle of new drug research and development is long, the investment is high, the risk is high, the targeted preparation is very high-tech, and it involves the protection of imported patents and other reasons, which is naturally high. But there is no doubt about the efficacy of targeted drugs.

The drugs used in targeted drugs are basically some cancers, and the names of specific drugs are different, especially when the cancer is in the advanced stage, some targeted drugs will need to be used, so the targeted drugs in the advanced stage of cancer are particularly expensive, because the targeted drugs are mainly smaller, so they can effectively inhibit the spread of some malignant tumors and cancer, and they will be more expensive.

Targeting** has greatly improved the survival time of lung cancer patients, especially those with advanced lung cancer. These drugs made in the country are significantly cheaper than those in foreign countries, and many targeted drugs have entered the medical insurance. Therefore, although targeted drugs** are very expensive, most people can still accept them after medical insurance reimbursement.

However, there are some drugs that are indeed more expensive. However, not all lung cancers are suitable for targeting**, and only patients with certain sensitive gene mutations are suitable for targeting**. In the early days of targeted drugs, they were very expensive, but with the decline in cost, some generic drugs in China appeared, and targeted drugs for lung cancer, including gefitinib, erlotinib, osimertinib, etc., have been localized.

Because when you encounter, because when you encounter cancer, money is not money, it is paper.

This is because the R&D cost of targeted drugs for many cancers is very high, and when developing a targeted drug, the R&D cost of many pharmaceutical companies may reach more than billions of dollars, so almost all targeted drugs for cancer are very expensive.

Targeted drugs are inherently very expensive. More and more targeted drugs will be included in the medical insurance list.

This is a very good thing, especially for those patients who need to use targeted drugs, patients can take advantage of this opportunity to get timely **, and this method can also greatly reduce the cost of ** for patients.

This is because the manufacturers of targeted drugs for lung cancer are relatively rare, and the raw materials for the production of this drug are very expensive, requiring various high-tech technologies, and raw materials are also very scarce, so they are very expensive.

Because there is no corresponding subsidy, in order to make money, merchants have to sell it to such a high **.

Targeting** is at the cellular molecular level, for the location of the cancer has been determined, to use the corresponding ** drugs. After the drug enters the patient's body, it will specifically select the carcinogenic location to bind and kill some cancer cells.

Although these methods have certain advantages, from a clinical point of view, not all cancer patients are suitable for targeted methods, and targeting is suitable for patients in the early stage of cancer.

Targeted drugs (targeted

Medicine) is currently the most advanced drug for ** cancer, which stops the growth of cancer cells by acting with specific molecular targets necessary for carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Targeted drugs are high-tech drugs produced with the development of contemporary molecular biology and cell biology.

The biggest difference between targeted drugs and conventional chemotherapy drugs lies in their mechanism of action: conventional chemotherapy drugs act through the poisoning of cells, because they cannot accurately identify tumor cells, so they will also affect normal cells while killing tumor cells, so they produce greater toxicity. Targeted drugs are developed for tumor genes, which can identify the characteristic loci on tumor cells determined by the genes unique to tumor cells, and block the signaling pathways that control cell growth and proliferation in tumor cells by binding to them (or similar other mechanisms), thereby killing tumor cells and preventing their proliferation.

Due to such characteristics, targeted drugs are not only effective, but also much smaller than conventional chemotherapy methods. The method of using targeted drugs is called "targeted".

therapy）

Targeted drugs are targeted drugs that target cancer cells, and their purpose is to enable the drug or its carrier to target a specific lesion site and accumulate or release active ingredients at the target site.

Compared with radiotherapy and chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs have clear targets, less toxic drugs, and targeted drugs are produced in about tens of thousands. Targeted drugs include Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine ginseng RG3 is a targeted drug in anti-vascular, suitable for the prognosis of cancer patients and during the patient's chemotherapy and radiotherapy, it has the effect of inhibiting tumor neovascularization and improving the patient's immunity, etc., which is convenient for cancer patients to do long-term **.

Targeted drugs (also known as targeted agents) are drugs or formulations that have been given the ability to target. The goal is to allow the drug or its carrier to target a specific lesion site and accumulate or release the active ingredient at the target site. Targeted preparations can make the drug form a relatively high concentration in the target area, so as to improve the efficacy of the drug while inhibiting the toxicity and reducing the damage to normal tissues and cells.

Depending on the target, drug targeting can be divided into several levels:

1. The level of tissues and organs.

The drug can selectively accumulate in tumor tissues, inflammation sites, or specific organs such as the heart, liver, spleen and lungs, thereby reducing systemic adverse reactions. For example, targeted drugs designed for specific environments such as tumor hypoxia, low pH, and dense neovascularization can increase the drug concentration in tumor tissues and significantly improve the effect of tumor chemotherapy.

2. Cellular level.

Some specific receptors on the surface of diseased cells are used to modify ligands (such as antibodies, peptides, glycans, aptamers, or other small molecules) that specifically bind to the receptor on the surface of the drug or its carrier, so that the drug can accurately locate and kill the diseased cells, without producing obvious toxic effects on normal cells.

3. Subcellular level.

Many drugs (e.g., nucleic acid drugs, most protein drugs, and some small molecule drugs) need to enter the inside of the cell or within specific organelles (e.g., mitochondria, nucleus) in order to work. Membrane-penetrating peptides, nuclear localization sequences (nuclear

localization

sequence) is currently the most studied targeted component.