What impact do you think the Treaty of Concession has had on Chinese society?

The signing of this treaty not only brought Qingdao and even the whole of Shandong into Germany's sphere of influence, but also caused the world imperialist powers to follow suit. This historical event profoundly affected Qingdao and affected China at the turn of the 20th century.

March 6, 1898.

Jiao-Macao Concession Treaty

It is also known as the "German Lease Jiaoao Special Article".

An unequal treaty that Germany forced to conclude by the Qing Dynasty. In November 1897 (the 23rd year of Guangxu), Germany sent troops to forcibly occupy the coastal area of Jiaozhou Bay under the pretext that its missionaries were killed in Juye, Shandong Province (now Juye County, Heze City). On March 6, 1898, Qing ** representatives Li Hongzhang and Weng Tongyi signed this treaty with the German Minister to China Hai Jing in Beijing.

In March 1898, under the armed forces of Germany, the Qing Dynasty signed the "Treaty of Lend-Lease of Jiaoao", an unequal treaty that humiliated the country, and "leased" Qingdao to Germany for 99 years. Since then, Qingdao has become a German colony. There are 3 items and 10 paragraphs in the Lend-Lease Treaty.

The Treaty of Nanjing was the first unequal treaty imposed on the Chinese people by Western capitalist countries in modern times. Britain forced China to accept its aggressive demands by means of armed aggression, which undermined China's independent status as a sovereign state. The forcible occupation of Hong Kong has undermined China's territorial integrity.

The treaty ports became the centers of colonial plunder and unequal exchange of Western capitalism against China. The huge amount of compensation increased the financial burden of the Qing Dynasty, and at the same time passed on to the working people, making their lives even more difficult. After the signing of the "Treaty of Nanjing", the Western powers took advantage of the fire and looted and forced the Qing Dynasty to sign a series of unequal treaties.

It also caused foreign countries to knock on the door of China's territory, and the iron hooves of the great powers trampled on China's land one after another. The history of humiliation can be said in two ways, namely the bad side and the good side1Social nature, starting with two halves 2

The main contradiction in society, from the contradiction between the single people and the ruler of the country, has increased the contradiction between the Chinese nation and foreign invaders3Land cession compensation, undermining territorial sovereignty integrity 4Consular jurisdiction, undermining the integrity of the judiciary 5

Objectively conducive to the disintegration of the natural economy6The defeat in the war made the Chinese begin to look at the world.

The Sino-Japanese War was a major turning point in China's modern foreign relations. China's defeat in the war has thoroughly exposed China's weakness and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing Dynasty. The Western powers clamored for a second discovery of China, and they rushed up like hungry wolves to pounce on food, trying to share the legacy of China, the dying sick man of the Far East.

Tsarist Russia took the lead and turned the northeast into its sphere of influence by signing the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty and seizing the right of way for the Eastern Railway. Germany was not to be left behind, and on the pretext of intervening in Liao, it forced the Qing Dynasty to agree to its concessions in Tianjin and Hankow, and also tried to establish a harbor in China as a base for its aggression and expansion in China and the Far East.

In December 1896, Germany officially proposed to the Qing ** to lease Jiaozhou as a "coal storage station", but the Qing ** refused. It was again proposed in January 1897, but was also rejected. Because Tsarist Russia also wanted to get involved in Jiaozhou Bay, in order not to arouse the opposition of Tsarist Russia, the Kaiser visited Russia in August of the same year and reached an understanding with Tsarist Russia on the condition that he supported Tsarist Russia to forcibly occupy Dalian Bay in China.

As a result, Germany began to look for an excuse to forcibly occupy Jiaozhou Bay by force. On November 1, two German missionaries were killed in Juye, Caozhou (present-day Heze), Shandong. On the day that Kaiser Wilhelm II learned of this, he ordered the German Far East Fleet to sail from Wusongkou to Jiaozhou Bay.

On November 14, the German fleet sailed into Jiaozhou Bay and occupied the city of Jiaozhou on the 15th. On the same day, six demands were put forward on the case of the Priest Juye. In response to Germany's act of aggression, the Qing Dynasty went so far as to declare that it would not move troops and blindly retreat.

In the end, Germany directly offered to lease Jiaozhou Bay. Germany made covert dealings with other imperialist powers, and on the basis of sharing the spoils, it received the tacit approval of Britain, France, Japan, Russia, and other countries. Qing ** begged various countries to mediate the Jiaozhou Bay issue, but nothing came of it.

Under German threats and blackmail, Qing ** was forced to compromise in humiliation. On March 6, 1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu), Li Hongzhang and Weng Tonggong, on behalf of the Qing Dynasty, signed the Sino-German "Jiao-Macao Concession Treaty" with Hai Jing, the German minister to China.

The Sino-German Treaty on the Concession between Jiaozhou and Macao includes the three ends of the Jiaozhou Concession, the Railway and Mining Affairs, and the Law of Shandong Province, with a total of 10 paragraphs, the main contents of which are: (1) Jiaozhou Bay and the islands in the bay were leased to Germany for a period of 99 years. During the lease period, Jiaozhou Bay was under the jurisdiction of Germany, which was able to establish regulations to regulate the passage of ships from other countries, including China.

2) Within 100 miles of the tide level along the coast of Jiaozhou Bay, it is designated as a neutral area, and German officers and soldiers have the right to pass freely. If Germany wants to straighten out the waterways, China must not stop it. (3) China allowed Germany to build two railways in Shandong, one from Jiaoao to Jinan via Weixian, Qingzhou, Boshan, Zichuan and Zouping, and the other from Jiaoao to Yizhou to Jinan via Laiwu County.

Germany also has the right to exploit minerals within 30 miles of the railway. (4) When any project in Shandong Province requires the use of foreign personnel, capital and equipment, it should first be done with Germany.

The Treaty on the Concession of Jiaoao, also known as the "Special Article on the Lease of Jiaoao by Germany", is an unequal treaty forced by Germany to enter into the Qing Dynasty.