Talk about the unique artistic charm of Dehua porcelain sculpture art?

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The art of Dehua porcelain sculpture is manifested in the following ways

1. The quality of the tire glaze is excellent, which shows that the process from production to firing is extremely serious. The shape of the work is thick and the glaze is moist. There are few flaws, there are not many large works, and the pursuit of a harmonious and perfect artistic style.

2. Be good at conceiving shapes according to different character images, coordinating the overall and local proportions, and perfecting the image. In the creation of figure sculpture in the feudal era of China, in the absence of mannequins for reference, the ability to grasp the proportions of various parts of the human body so accurately is due to the artists' long-term observation and careful speculation on the male and female bodies in real life, and to absorb the essence of calligraphy and painting figure works and folk stone, clay and wood sculpture techniques, so as to achieve an artistic realm that is difficult for people to reach.

3. Be good at grasping and portraying the personality characteristics of various characters, showing delicate and vivid charm from the surface to the inside. In particular, the face of the statue of Guanyin, plump, kind, the shape of the figure is depicted vividly and accurately, with a sharp and smooth knife technique to express the folds of clothes, the level of texture and the depth of change, is the so-called sparse can run horses, dense and impermeable, there is a lot of Cao Yi out of the water, Wu with the rhythm of the wind. Due to the rigorous workmanship, the shaping of the characters has an artistic style that has both form and spirit, and is fascinating, representing the important position of Dehua porcelain sculpture in the history of Chinese porcelain sculpture art.

The artistic achievements of Dehua porcelain carving, in the history of sculpture in our country and even in the world, with its unique national style, the use of natural materials and exquisite production technology and artistic creative talents, have become an artistic wonder that will never wither, based on the world sculpture art forest. The stories of the legendary fairy characters and the characters that reflect real life are passed through with simple artistic language and unique aesthetic awareness"Porcelain carving"The technique depicts the inner world of the shaping object, which is vivid, forming a unique aesthetic concept and opening up a new realm of porcelain carving art.

In the porcelain capital of Dehua, there is a characteristic street with a strong "porcelain fragrance", that is, the ceramic street located in Longpeng Street, which is also the window image of the porcelain capital Dehua. The street brings together the ceramics of Dehua County, visitors can have a very short overview of the essence of porcelain ceramics, ceramic players can also appreciate the brand products of various merchants here. A variety of products are dazzling, involving nearly 10,000 varieties of daily ceramics, traditional sculpture craft porcelain, Western craft porcelain, red soil pottery and other four categories, which is the "Grand View Garden" of Dehua ceramic products.

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History, with a deep historical heritage. Culture has its own unique cultural heritage. technology, with a unique technical connection.

Art combines the above three points to form a unique existence that cannot be imitated and transcends independent existence, and can be recognized and accepted by the world. In a word. Because there is its own imitable and transcendent life existence.

In all forms of imitation and reproduction, there is a lack of vitality in its unique formation.

Dehua copied ceramics have a long history, and have written a brilliant chapter in the history of Chinese ceramics, and have an important historical status and international influence. Dehua ceramics in the development of contemporary ceramics in China, has also made outstanding achievements, both in the process technology and artistic creation and design, there are new improvements and expansion, not only the production of a large number of high-quality ceramic products, but also the creation of many excellent art ceramics works.

However, due to the change of lifestyle and the influence of foreign culture, young people are mostly reluctant to devote themselves to this traditional industry with a long learning cycle and slow results, and now most of the artists are around 60 years old.

Porcelain sculpture is one of the ancient inventions of our country, over the years, porcelain sculpture has been an important export of our country, and silk, tea and reputation in the world, has an important position in the world, has made a useful contribution to the economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.

1) Historical, cultural and scientific values. Dehua porcelain sculpture began in the Song Dynasty and has never been interrupted, forming a unique traditional craft. To serve the material and spiritual civilization of various historical periods, and to promote the scientific and technological progress of pottery technology in various historical periods; The export of Dehua porcelain sculptures has made a useful contribution to the spread of porcelain-making technology abroad and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.

Dehua porcelain sculpture has important historical, cultural and scientific value in the history of ceramics in China and even the world.

Dehua kiln is the representative of Chinese folk kiln, the folk traditional craft personality is remarkable, the individual production mode is prominent, the folk individual economic component content is high, the product variety, the quantity is large, and the quality is high. Dehua porcelain sculpture occupies an important position in foreign and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. Dehua kiln white porcelain is the representative of Chinese white porcelain, introduced to Europe in the seventeenth century, known as "China white" by Europe, at that time European ceramic manufacturers in order to imitate the production of "China white" invested heavily in tackling key problems, and promoted the development of European and American ceramics industry at that time.

Dehua kiln is the "ancestor of string kilns", which has played a role in promoting the reform of Chinese and foreign kilns and the technological progress of the kiln industry. Dehua kiln has played an important role in the development of ceramics at home and abroad, and occupies an important position in the history of ceramics at home and abroad.

2) Academic value. Dehua porcelain sculptures are treasured in the Palace Museum, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou Museum, Britain, France, Japan, the United States, Italy and other major museums, and are the treasures of the town. It has played an immeasurable role in researching, understanding and promoting Chinese culture, and in promoting cultural exchanges and friendly exchanges.

Its firing technology, kiln structure, and billet glaze formula have become the subject of research and imitation by professionals at home and abroad. The artistic height and unique artistic style it has reached are still set an example for future generations and have become the goal of competition.

The production method of Dehua porcelain can be divided into two kinds, one is to use high-quality kaolin to directly shape and mold, and the other is to make a mold and then grouting or rubbing. Dehua porcelain is generally glazed after the adobe has dried, and then put it in a kiln and fired at a high temperature of more than 1,000 degrees Celsius to produce the finished product.

Dehua ceramics industry originally started from the firing of daily utensils, and later due to the remarkable achievements of porcelain sculpture art, utensils and products received less attention. Utensils ceramic products have been mass-produced in Dehua for domestic and foreign sales, and in the Ming Dynasty, they have gradually formed their own modeling and decoration system, becoming an important part of traditional Chinese ceramics. Dehua ceramic ware products can be classified from the functional aspect, which can be roughly divided into daily life utensils, including plates, bowls, cups, saucers, pots, pots, stationery, lamps and candlesticks, etc.; Furnishings and offerings include bottles, zun, goblets and tripods, furnaces, beans, etc.

These two types of imperial utensils have a simple and strict style and a strong sense of tradition. The shape of daily life utensils mostly follows the traditional form to evolve, or simulates the natural form to integrate, and the designer takes into account the needs of the modeling, which is suitable for the characteristics of ceramic materials and technology, and constitutes a formal language that conforms to its attributes and characteristics. The shape and decoration of Dehua ceramics are clearly influenced by Shang, Zhou bronzes and jade, and at the same time, there is also the meaning of Xuande furnace in the Ming Dynasty, especially the shape and decoration of the furnace are more significant.

Dehua ceramics excellent traditional shape of the cylindrical double claw pot, lion head tube macro fiber bottle, elephant ear string pattern, rhino horn cup, etc., are rare in other production areas of the unique style.

Dehua porcelain sculpture is an eclectic mix of other art categories and the accumulation of national culture. Its image portrayal absorbs the nutrients of grotto art, and its clothing pattern treatment has won the charm of Chinese painting clothing line modeling. In the Ming Dynasty, He Chaozong, a master of sculpture in Dehua, summarized the production process and firing experience of his predecessors.

Using Dehua high-quality white porcelain clay as raw materials, integrating the technical characteristics of stone carving, wood carving and clay sculpture, and absorbing the style of Wu Daozi, a Buddhist painter in the Tang Dynasty, he created the eight-character technique of pinching, molding, carving, carving, scraping, cutting, connecting and pasting.

The eight methods of porcelain sculpture are 1, pinching: relying on the thumb, index finger, middle finger, if necessary, supplemented by the push of the sculpture knife, the clay with excellent plasticity is kneaded into a vivid image. It is mostly used for the production of hands, palms, water droplets, hanging beads, petals, flower leaves, streamers, etc.

2. Plastic: According to the needs of the conception, add plastic mud to the appropriate parts to make the work more vivid, more accurate in structure, and stronger in volume.

3. Carving: Eliminate the excess part, this method and the joint use of "plastic" complement each other.

4. Engraving: Use a thicker or thinner sculpture knife to carve and draw out clothing lines, eyebrow lines, lip lines, and ornaments, so that the layers of the works are richer and more exquisite.

5. Scraping: On the basis of carving, use a flat knife to scrape horizontally and vertically to make the surface of the work smoother and the transition softer.

6. Cutting: Use a sharper sculpture knife to push flat on the processing surface, mostly used for larger planes or cylinders.

7. Joint: Bonding all parts to make the composition of the work more three-dimensional. 8. Paste: paste the embossed ornaments and ornaments in the appropriate parts to make the works more abundant.

The artistic achievements of Dehua's porcelain sculpture works are mainly reflected in the porcelain figures. The production and molding process of the work is mainly molding, and a small amount of kneading. Here we take porcelain carved figures as an example.

First, refer to the blueprint or sketch of the relevant figures, carry out the conception and design of the sample, and make a solid main body sample of a certain specification with clay. After the trimming is complete, it is decomposed into parts according to the needs of the body demoulding, which is generally divided into three parts: head, body and base, and each part is cut into front and rear pieces respectively; Then the pure clay is made into a model, and the model is removed from the sample parts after the residual mud impurities in the mold, and after trimming again, it is fired into a tool pottery mold in the kiln, commonly known as an earthen mold.

Second, put the porcelain clay into the clean soil mold, push and press evenly, remove the excess clay, and wait for a little dry out of the mold.

3. Repair and bonding. The various parts after demolding are trimmed, restored to the main body through gluing, then trimmed, and finally the hands, feet and additional decorations are formed to form a complete image. The trimming process includes carving, wiping water, pushing light, etc.

The dressing process before the assembly of each part is mainly to remove the excess mud on the parts, especially pay attention to the trimming of the facial features and hair of the head, and strive to be fine.

Rubbing water is to wipe the blank with a soft damp cloth to make it conducive to parts bonding and engraving, and wiping water runs through the whole process of the renovation process.

When the parts are assembled, the tread is rubbed with water and then bonded with mud, generally the front and rear pieces of the head, body and seat are assembled separately, and then the three parts are connected into a whole, commonly known as mold clamping.

The carving and polishing are carried out with metal or bamboo knives, and the carving mainly depicts the joints of various parts, facial features, hair and clothing folds, so that the proportions are harmonious and the connection is natural and decent. The tool of pushing light is commonly known as "Lizi", which carries out Seiko pushing and scraping on all lines and smooth surfaces on the surface of the green body, requiring uniform use of knives, appropriate depth, fluent and natural, and no traces on the surface.

Hands, feet and additional decorations such as floral ornaments, bead strings or streamers should be pinched by hand, the size of the beads should be consistent, the particles should be evenly rounded, the flowers should be thin and thin, the shape should be realistic, the hands, feet and knuckles should be appropriately proportioned to the whole, flexible as life, and the upper end of the arm should be made into a solid cylindrical shape and inserted into the cuffs.

After the trimming is completed and dried, it is immersed in glaze water and evenly penetrated, and there is no glaze exposed on the bottom contact surface, and it can be loaded and burned in the kiln.

The inside of the molded sculpture is hollow, and the sculpture of the figure, the body with the seat is molded separately and then glued, and the bottom surface of the seat is often oval. When the seat is bonded to the lower part of the body, there are two situations: one is that the joint is slightly smaller than the bottom diameter, and the other is to make a small hole at the joint to facilitate ventilation and roasting.

There are also those whose bodies go straight to the bottom without a seat, which is hollow inside and has a wider and thicker bottom edge. The inside of the pinched molding work is solid, the surface carving and trimming process is the same as the molded product, the base can be hollowed out inside, and the base is not hollowed out, and the whole body is solid. The work of pinching and molding is generally suitable for small pieces, and the shape is relatively short, with a height of less than 10 cm.

The entire sculpture production process, from the main body design, expression carving, clothing treatment to the completion of local decoration, can reflect the artist's skills, as well as the understanding of the artistic treatment of the work and the superb attainment of cultural literacy.

At the same time that the archaeological exploration of "Nanhai No. 1" was in full swing, a "Contemporary Dehua Porcelain Art Exhibition" opened in Guangzhou on March 16, 2009. The organizer said that among the porcelain that sank to the bottom of the sea with Nanhai No. 1, Dehua porcelain was the bulk of porcelain. In the history of China's export porcelain, in addition to the blue and white and pastel of Jingdezhen and the Guangcai of Guangzhou, which are well-known varieties, Dehua porcelain is also famous in Europe for "China White".

As for the origin of Dehua porcelain and "Nanhai No. 1", Dehua porcelain is one of the main porcelain varieties on this ancient ship of the Song Dynasty. In some of the exhibitions of cultural relics in the South China Sea No. 1 that have been done in China before, most of the porcelain on display is produced in Dehua kiln, and most of them are intact.

Dehua porcelain is one of the most famous export porcelain in China, so the collection in foreign countries is also particularly rich, such as the first porcelain master at that time, the Ming Dynasty master He Chaozong's works, "the world's common treasure", in the collection of major Western museums there are more than 200 pieces. European merchants provide a large number of orders for silver tableware and pottery styles used in European households, and Dehua potters continue to research and improve the shape of the products, and fire them into daily eating utensils such as teapots with filters, jugs with spouts, coffee pots, beer mugs**European market. At the same time, sculptures depicting the life of Europeans, such as merchants, housewives, travelers, lion gods, camels, and mythological monsters, have also aroused the interest of researchers.

The image of Santa Claus can also be seen in these works from around the eighteenth century.

The representative works of Chinese masters such as He Chaozong have also been continuously copied by European ceramic artists, and many "European versions" have appeared, which have become interesting witnesses of Sino-European cultural exchanges.