The difference between modern biological evolution and Darwinian evolution

In modern times, groups are considered to be evolutionary units, and Darwin believed to be individuals.

Similarities: both explain the causes of biological evolution, biodiversity, and adaptability.

Differences: 1. Darwin's theory of evolution does not clarify the nature of heredity and variation and the mechanism of natural selection, while modern evolution overcomes this shortcoming.

2. Darwin's theory of evolution focuses on the evolution of biological individuals, while modern theory of evolution emphasizes the evolution of groups, believing that populations are the basic units of biological evolution.

3. In Darwin's theory, natural selection comes from overbreeding and the struggle for survival; In modern evolutionary theory, natural selection is attributed to the continuation of genotypic differences, and natural selection is going on even if there is no struggle for survival.

The core idea of Darwin's theory of biological evolution: natural selection, survival of the fittest.

In the theory of biological evolution, it means that every organism will have genetic mutations when it reproduces the next generation. If this variation is conducive to the better life of the creature, then this favorable variation will be retained in the form of "survival of the fittest" through the selection of the environment.

Competitors, competition for self-existence. The chosen ones are also suitable for their species. It means that people and things live side by side in the world, and eat the benefits of nature together.

However, it is connected to the people's things, and each has its own contention. At the beginning, the number of species is only to fight with the species, the weak are often the strong meat, and the foolish are often the wise. And it has to survive and leave the seeds, it will be strong to endure the Kuijie, vigorous and clever, and with its time and time of the time and the most suitable for the people.

The theory of evolution tells us that this is the proof of evolution: special environments force these creatures to mutate into special skills that can adapt to harsh environments, and those that can't adapt to harsh environments are eliminated, but the key is whether these instincts are new or inherently potential?

Does the biological world show us that they compete with each other, as evolution suggests, or do they help each other? In fact, a simple example is the respiration of animals and plants. The animal potato is inhaled in oxygen and exhaled carbon dioxide; Plants inhale carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen, helping each other.

Coopetition and cracking

Darwin's theory of evolution argues that the most competitive places are also the fastest evolving places, and there are very similar arguments about the decisive factors of global competition - globalization, entry barriers, industry consolidation, and the advantages of chain management.

In the era of networked economy, we can bring more enlightenment than the natural world. The term "co-opetition" is often used to describe strategies that create value by partnering with competitors, and are more common in sectors such as telecommunications and healthcare. This concept of "coopetition" is also derived from the behavior patterns of nature.

Darwin's theory of biological evolution consists mainly of two theories: artificial selection and natural selection.

1. The doctrine of artificial selection.

He believes that many of today's domestic animals and cultivated plants originated from wild taxa. Under people's planned choices, they gradually accumulate and enhance mutations that are beneficial to human beings, and in fact they are a process of survival of the fittest. There are three elements to this doctrine:

First, there is variation; The second is that this variation can be inherited; The third is that humans can choose mutation. All three are indispensable.

2. The doctrine of natural selection.

First, Darwin believed that there is universal variation in living things. All living things have mutated properties, and no two creatures in the world are exactly the same. Variation can be divided into two types: certain variation and not necessarily variation.

The so-called certain variation refers to the fact that the descendants of the same ancestor may produce similar variations under the same conditions. For example, the cold and heat of the climate and the thickness of the fur, the abundance of food and the size of the individual.

Darwin also believed that in the competition for survival, the mutated individuals who are beneficial to survival are retained, and the mutated individuals who are unfavorable to survival are eliminated, which is natural selection or survival of the fittest. Adaptation is the result of natural selection.

A detailed analysis of the theory of biological evolution:

1. Evolutionary definition.

From an evolutionary point of view, the different species of organisms that lived at the same time can be traced back to a common ancestor in time. Therefore, according to the ancestral relationship, the living and once living organisms can be connected with each other, and this biological evolutionary system that represents the ancestral relationship is called phylogeny.

2. Adapt to radiation.

In a relatively short geological time, many divergent taxa branch out of a line system are called radiation. Because the radiation branching usually bends in different directions to adapt to evolution, it is also called adaptive radiation.

3. Convergent evolution.

The fact that different lineages independently evolve similar features is called "convergent evolution", or "convergent evolution" for short. The evolutionary convergence of morphological structures is often due to functional similarity, which in turn is often due to adaptation to similar environments.

4. Evolutionary rate.

The amount of evolutionary change per unit of time. The rate of evolution must be measured on two scales: the time scale and the scale of evolutionary change.

There are two kinds of time scales, namely absolute geological time and relative geological time, and absolute time scales should generally be used; Relative time scales are used only as a last resort.

The main points of Darwin's theory of evolution are as follows:

1. General evolutionary theory: species are changeable, existing species are changed from other species, and a species can become a new species.

2. The doctrine of common ancestor: All living things come from a common ancestor. Molecular biology has found that all living things use the same set of genetic code.

Biochemistry revealed a high degree of consistency across all living things at the molecular level, which ultimately confirmed Darwin's vision. So, this is also a generally accepted scientific fact.

3. The doctrine of self-selected selection: natural selection is the main mechanism of evolution. The existence of natural selection has been confirmed by countless observations and experiments.

Natural selection is the mechanism of adaptive evolution (i.e., the adaptation of organisms to the environment), and for the evolution of non-adaptive scales, there are other mechanisms such as genetic drift.

That is, all evolutionary phenomena cannot be explained by natural selection. Considering that adaptive evolution is the core phenomenon of biological evolution, it is also valid to say that natural selection is the main mechanism of evolution.

4. Gradual change theory: The pace of biological evolution is gradual, which is a process of accumulation of small advantages and gradual improvement under the action of natural selection, rather than leapfrogging.

Introduction to Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin, male, British biologist, founder of the theory of evolution. He once sailed around the world on the ship Beagle for five years.

A large number of observations and collections were made on flora, fauna, and geological structures. He published The Origin of Species, which put forward the theory of biological evolution, thus destroying all kinds of idealistic creationism and the immutability of species.

In addition to biology, his theories have had a significant impact on the development of anthropological psychology and philosophy. Engels listed the "theory of evolution" as one of the three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century (the other two being the cell theory and the law of conservation and transformation of energy), which made outstanding contributions to mankind.

Organisms are variable, and individual differences occur when living conditions change. People pick out the types of mutations that are in the interest of humanity and let them be passed on to the next generation.

Due to the genetic characteristics of organisms, individual variations are passed on and new species are formed. Darwin extended this theory to the living sails that live under natural conditions, and a large number of facts show that there is also a similar process of artificial selection in nature.

Hello, here are the differences, I hope it will be useful to you.

2.The nature of genetic variation and how genetic variation acts on evolution. Limited to scientific developments, Darwin was unable to explain. Modern biological evolution theory holds that evolution is the accumulation of favorable mutations in a population from generation to generation, and the elimination of unfavorable genes from generation to generation.

3.The essence of evolution. Darwin spoke only from the point of view of natural selection, the survival of the fittest. Modern biological evolution theory believes that the essence of evolution is the directional change of gene frequency in populations. That is, mutations that provide the raw materials for evolution are not directed, whereas natural selection is.