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Around 2,700 years ago was the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, the Warring States Period 2,400 years ago.
Pre-archaeologists believed that the use of iron in China began no later than the 7th century BC, or even later than the 6th century BC. In the literature, the earliest material can be found in the "Zuo Chuan".
This book records the Jin kingdom in 513 BC.
The criminal law is cast on a set of iron tripods. The weapons, agricultural tools, and utensils excavated from the tombs of the Sengoku period were all made of iron, and many scholars believe that agricultural production increased over the centuries and that the developing iron-smelting technology was likely a factor. Other factors are probably the increasing use of irrigation and drainage techniques and fertilizers, especially the cultivation of large areas of new land.
However, the effects of these and other technological improvements should not be overestimated. Throughout the Warring States period, iron remained relatively scarce, and iron at that time was often cast rather than wrought, so it was relatively soft and brittle. Many tools continue to be made of bronze, stone, wood, or shells.
In addition, some important aspects of improved agricultural technology are particularly difficult to gauge and time. Thus, there was a great deal of controversy about when the cattle plough began to replace the far more primitive but apparently long-standing hoe. Based on the scarcity of evidence, Chinese scholars have each dated the beginning of the use of the plough to 400 B.C., until a century or two before that, or even before the Zhou dynasty.
The earliest clear source in the literature dates from the Han dynasty (c. 90 or 85 BC) – although this material suggests a fairly long period of early development. ②
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Hello is the Han Dynasty in 60 BC, to the second year of Shenjue (60 BC), the Xiongnu Sun Sui King descended to the Han Dynasty to protect the Western Regions.
In the second year of the Dijie (68 years ago), Emperor Xuan ploughed the ditch of Tuntian with the servant Zheng Ji, and the Xiongnu competed for the chariot division, moved to defend Sima, and protected the "South Road" countries west of Shanshan. In the second year of Shenjue (60 years ago), the king of the Xiongnu descended to the Han Dynasty, Zheng Ji sent 50,000 people from the countries of the Western Regions to welcome him, and the "North Road" to the west of the Cheshi was also passed, so Zheng Ji was the captain of the cavalry, and protected the "North Road" countries. Because of the two roads in the north and south, it is called all protected.
The protection of the capital began from here. Zheng Ji set up the Western Regions Protectorate in Wulei City (now northeast of Luntai, Xinjiang), and supervised 36 countries including Wusun and Kangju. The order of the Han Dynasty was carried out in the Western Regions.
Lieutenant of the Servant. At the beginning, all the countries in the Western Regions were subordinate to the Xiongnu, and the king of the western Xiongnu placed his servants as captains, led the Western Regions, collected taxes from the countries, and regarded the countries of the Western Regions as servants. In the second year of Shenjue (60 years ago), the Xiongnu surrendered to the Han Dynasty, and the countries of the Western Regions were subordinated to the Han Dynasty.
The Han Dynasty was the most developed feudal country in the world, with a vast territory, rich resources, a wide variety of goods, a prosperous feudal economy, strong national strength, and developed foreign transportation, which laid a material foundation for the development of foreign countries; Feudalism implements an enlightened and open foreign policy, has friendly relations with its neighbors and countries around the world, and has frequent mutual exchanges, which provides a political prerequisite for the development of foreign countries; The quality of Chinese businessmen who are hard-working, intelligent and flexible, humble and honest has become the emotional bond between China and foreign countries; The traditional concept and policy of valuing agriculture and suppressing commerce in feudal society determined that China's foreign trade activities would be dependent on diplomatic activities and could not meet the needs of the budding development of capitalism.
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It should be the Zhou Dynasty, which was the most developed in bronze.
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8,000 years ago was the era of the Three Emperors.
In the history of China, there were 5,000 years of Liangqiaohu, from the beginning of the record of more than 4,000 years to the Qing Dynasty, a total of 83 dynasties appeared, but 8,000 years ago was the Three Emperors era of Fuxi, also known as the Neolithic Age, and all the legendary figures of the Shennong clan appeared at this time, when there were many tribes.
And Fuxi is the one who unified these tribes in China, set the capital in Chendi, and sealed Mount Tai, so it is also called Fuxi is the creator god of Chinese civilization and the ancestor of humanity.
But the origin of Fuxi also starts from a place called Huaxu Kingdom, Fuxi is the surname of Feng, and the surname of Huaxu is also Feng, if you want to say what dynasty was 8000 years ago, it should belong to Huaxu Kingdom, because Fuxi's mother Huaxu is from there, and he also has a sister who is Nuwa.
Fuxi Nuwa, according to legend, is a human head and a snake body.
Legend has it that at that time, Fuxi's mother went to a place called Xiaogao to do Lei Ze, saw a huge footprint, stepped on it and became pregnant, and did not give birth to a son until 12 years later, this person is Fuxi.
In addition, according to the researchers of the Xi'an Research Institute of Culture and History, there are a large number of historical records and relics, which can be used to prove that the tribal center of the Three Emperors era was the Huaxu Kingdom. More than 8,300 years ago, the initials of Fuxi Nuwa were an outstanding leader of the Huaxu Kingdom, a leader who fought against the eight wildernesses of heaven and earth and gave birth to civilization.
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13,000 years ago was the Stone Age. The Neolithic period is a time period set by archaeologists, starting about 10,000 years ago and ending from more than 5,000 to more than 2,000 years ago. The Neolithic is archaeologically the last stage of the Stone Age, a stage of development of human material culture marked by the use of polished stone tools.
The name Neolithic was proposed by the British archaeologist Lubbock in 1865.
This era has entered the Holocene in geological time, following the Paleolithic Age, or developed through the transition of the Mesolithic Age, and belongs to the late Stone Age.
The Neolithic is not just a concept of time periods, but is closely related to the exodus of Homo sapiens from Africa and the spread of Homo sapiens throughout the world.
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7,000 years ago was the Neolithic Age.
The Neolithic period began more than 10,000 years ago and ended more than 5,000 to more than 2,000 years ago. The Neolithic period was marked by the use of polished stone tools as a stage of development of human material culture.
The name Neolithic was first proposed by the British archaeologist Lubbock in 1865, and this era has entered the Holocene in geological time, following the Paleolithic Age, or developed after the transition of the Mesolithic Age, and belongs to the late Stone Age.
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7,000 years ago was the Neolithic Age.
The Neolithic period (10,000 years ago and 2,000 years ago) was a prosperous period for primitive matriarchal clans. Humans used polished stone tools as their main tools, invented pottery, and primitive agriculture, animal husbandry, and handicrafts appeared.
The Neolithic situation is very inconsistent in different places, so there is no uniform staging standard. China entered the Neolithic Age about 10,000 years ago. It is roughly divided into three major economic and cultural zones:
1.The dryland agricultural economic and cultural zone, including the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Liaohe River and the Haihe River basin, is the origin of dryland agriculture such as millet and millet, which raised pigs and dogs very early, and later raised cattle and sheep. There are Shangshan ruins, Hemudu ruins, Banpo ruins and Dawenkou ruins.
2.The paddy field agricultural economic and cultural zone is mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Agriculture in the Lingnan region has always been underdeveloped, and the fishing, hunting and gathering economy occupies a relatively important position, which can be divided into a sub-region.
Rice has been cultivated in this area for a long time, and it is an important origin of rice farming. In the early days, pigs and dogs were raised, and later buffaloes and sheep were raised.
3.The hunter-gatherer economic and cultural zone, which includes most of the northeast north of the Great Wall, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, covers about two-thirds of the country's area. There is little agriculture in this area, except in a few places, fine stone tools are particularly developed and few stone tools are polished, and pottery is not very developed.
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6,000 years ago in the Neolithic period.
It is generally believed that the Neolithic period has 3 basic characteristics:
1.Began to manufacture and use polished stone tools.
2.Pottery was invented.
3.Agriculture and animal husbandry appeared.
Some scholars emphasize the significance of the origin of agriculture, arguing that it is the main feature of the Neolithic period, or the main content of the Neolithic revolution. The paths of this era have been very different around the world. In some places, there was no pottery for a long time after the emergence of agriculture, so it is called the pre-pottery Neolithic or non-pottery Neolithic; In some places, pottery appeared more than 10,000 years ago, but there are no traces of agriculture, and even polished stone tools are very underdeveloped.
Therefore, it is not necessary to have all three characteristics to be called Neolithic.
Due to the inconsistency of the Neolithic situation in different places, there is no uniform staging standard. In some places, it is divided into two periods, morning and evening, and some are divided into three periods: morning, noon and evening. In some periods, when a small number of bronze tools appeared but bronze alloys were not consciously made, a separate era of copper and stone was listed as a transition period from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age; Others place this stage in the Late Neolithic.
Thank you.
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