What are the common pests and diseases of bitter gourd? Disease control of bitter gourd

There are four common pests and diseases of bitter gourd, the first bitter gourd powdery mildew, the second Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, the third bitter gourd downy mildew, and the fourth melon fruit fly control.

Common pests and diseases of bitter gourd include vine blight, wilt, downy mildew, powdery mildew, melon fruit fly, etc., which greatly affect the yield and quality of bitter gourd. In the prevention and control of bitter gourd diseases and pests, the following three points need to be done:

1. Strengthen fertilizer and water management, cultivate robust plants, and improve disease resistance.

Loosen the soil in time, pay attention to the matching of water and fertilizer in each growth period, and spray a new high-fat film to protect moisture and fertilizer and dissipate waterproof, so as to ensure that the plant has a good and long-term environment and conditions.

2. Timely prevention and combination of prevention and treatment.

Combined with the production season and weather changes, timely use of drugs, and add new high lipid membrane to increase the efficacy, prevent the invasion of diseases and insects and effectively kill diseases and insects.

3. Strengthen the fruit and increase the yield.

Spraying strong gourd before flowering, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage can make the gourd thicker, strengthen the nutrient delivery, coordinate the nutrient balance, promote the rapid development of the melon body, and make the melon shape beautiful, juicy and delicious. At the same time, spraying a new high-fat film on the melon surface can play a role in liquid film bagging, which will not affect fruit respiration, prevent fruit rust, prevent fruit cracking, improve the coloring and brightness of the fruit surface, reduce residual toxicity and improve quality.

The cultivation of bitter gourd is mainly harmed by powdery mildew, downy mildew, wilt, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, melon fruit fly and other pests and diseases.

Bitter gourd is susceptible to powdery mildew. Blight, Spodoptera exigua.

There are mainly Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, and melon fruit flies.

The main pests of bitter gourd are aphids, sugar beets night hunger, etc.

become wilted; Vascular bundles can be seen to brown at the base of the diseased stem; Sometimes there are light brown necrotic spots on the surface of the diseased stem, and later the diseased part decays, leaving only vascular bundles.

Vine blight. It mainly harms leaves, stems, vines, and melon strips; The leaf lesions are water-soaked small spots at first, and then irregular yellow-brown spots with whorl stripes and small black spots on them; The lesions of stems and vines are irregularly shaped, mostly longitudinally lobed, with small black spots on them, which are easy to break, and there is a phenomenon of gel flow when the humidity is high; At first, the diseased part of the melon strip is a small dot soaked in water, and then it is an irregularly shaped slightly concave lesion, and there are small black spots on it that are easy to crack and rot.

Epidemic disease. The growth point and young stem are infected, which is water-soaked soft rot at first, and then withers and wilts; Stem infection begins at the base of the stem on the ground.

Bitter gourd is a delicate herb that grows on vines, and the fruit is cylindrical in shape, and the color of the fruit is orange-yellow when it is ripe. With the progress of China's agricultural development, bitter gourd has been planted in various temperate regions, and the cultivation technology has been continuously improved, bringing certain economic benefits to many operators. However, some bitter gourd operators do not master the high-yield cultivation technology in the planting and cultivation process, which seriously affects the quality of bitter gourd, and will also be affected by pests and diseases.

1. High-yield cultivation technology.

1. Seedling cultivation.

In the process of planting bitter gourd, we should first pay attention to the selection of seasons to ensure that bitter gourd can adapt to the growing environment. Choose varieties that grow well and are resistant to disease. Secondly, after variety selection, the seeds are soaked, the time is generally 8 12 hours, the water temperature is 45 60 °C, and the seeds are soaked and the seedlings are promoted.

Then select the furrow, water and fertilize it, and cover it with film, reasonably control the temperature of the furrow, and when most of the bitter gourd emerges, remove the film and cover a layer of fine soil. Finally, the number of plants should be reasonably controlled during the sowing process, usually the spacing of each bitter gourd is 50 60 cm, and 1200 1600 plants per mu should be planted.

2. Bitter gourd racking.

Bitter gourd vines will climb nearby objects, should be set up in advance of human-shaped support, usually use bamboo poles for erection, the length of the pole is 2 3 meters. At the same time, it is also necessary to manually tie the vines of bitter gourd in the early stage to ensure that the melon vines are stably put on the shelves. In addition, due to the strong vitality of the axillary buds of the stem joints of bitter gourd, it is extremely easy to appear side vines, so in order to ensure the quality of bitter gourd, it should be removed according to the actual situation.

Reasonably remove the bitter gourd below 50 cm of the main vine to ensure the overall development.

3. Fertilizer and water management.

Bitter gourd has a long growth period, and the harvest period can usually last for 3 or 4 months, therefore, in order to ensure the quality of bitter gourd, sufficient water should be given during this period, especially during the full fruit period, to avoid drought, according to the actual 3 5 days of watering, while foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Because bitter gourd planting is generally in summer, the temperature is high, it is necessary to increase the amount of watering appropriately to ensure that the bitter gourd has sufficient water in the growth process, and when there is more rainy weather in the later stage of growth, drainage work should be carried out in advance to avoid water accumulation affecting the quality of bitter gourd.

4. Plant growth regulator.

In the process of bitter gourd planting, in order to promote the coordination of the proportion of female flowers, plant growth regulators can be used to increase the yield of bitter gourd. When bitter gourd seedlings grow 3 to 5 leaves, an appropriate amount of ethephon should be sprayed directly on the melon seedlings. In addition, during the flowering period of bitter gourd, it is not only necessary to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, but also apply naphthalene acetic acid solution to the flower stalk to prevent bitter gourd from falling flowers and fruits, strictly control the dosage and concentration, and avoid excessive measurement and affect the growth of bitter gourd.

2. Pest control technology.

Common pests and diseases in bitter gourd cultivation include powdery mildew, borer, melon maggots and cataplexy, etc., no matter what kind of pests and diseases, will seriously affect the yield and quality of bitter gourd. Therefore, in order to reduce the probability of pests and diseases, staff should master control measures to ensure the quality of bitter gourd, and then increase the yield.

1. Powdery mildew.

Bitter gourd is infected with powdery mildew, and the leaves of the plant will gradually become weaker and appear white spots

Bitter melon (scientific name: Momordica charantia L.).Cucurbitaceae bitter gourd plant, annual delicate herb, multi-branched; Stems and branches are pubescent.

The tendrils are slender and do not diverge. petioles elongated; The leaves are membranous, green on the top and pale green on the back, and the veins are palmate. Monoecious.

Male peduncle slender, slightly pubescent; The bracts are green.

Anthracnose is a fungal disease that can occur between emergence and growth, especially during the hot and rainy summers. The specific control measures are as follows, first of all, the selection of seeds must be selected from the fruit without disease, and it is best to soak the seeds in warm water at 52 to 56 degrees, and the time is 25 to 30 minutes, and the seeds can be sterilized to effectively avoid bacteria in the seeds. It is best to plant in a deep ditch with good drainage and good ventilation and light transmission.

In the young fruit stage of bitter gourd and when it is high temperature and rainy, it is necessary to spray for protection, and spray 50% carbendazim 500 to 600 times once every 7 to 10 days.

Powdery mildew is also a fungal disease, mainly manifested in leaves and stems, the specific control method is that it is best to rotate crops when planting, but not with cucurbitaceae and vegetables for continuous planting. Add an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and do not use too much. In rainy days, it is necessary to do a good job of drainage, prune branches and leaves in time, and keep good ventilation.

If the disease occurs, spray 100 to 500 times of 50% colloidal sulfur immediately.

This disease mainly occurs in the nodes of the main vine stem, the main solution is to turn the soil for 3 to 5 days when preparing the land, try to make the soil white and then apply 50 to 75 kg of lime, pay attention to the occurrence of water accumulation, and use the method of high furrow and deep ditch to prevent and control water accumulation. Prune the stems and leaves regularly to allow for better ventilation and prevent the spread of germs. Once the disease is found, the diseased plant should be pulled out immediately, sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 500 to 800 times, and it is best to spray the agent on the lower half of the plant, the effect will be better.

If the worker spider and bitter gourd are attacked by the worker spider, the juice will be sucked, causing the leaves of the bitter gourd to turn yellow, which will lead to premature senescence of the plant, and the young gourd will not be able to swell. During the growth and development period of bitter gourd, the leaves should be checked frequently, once it is found that there are small insects on the leaves, it is necessary to spray with 1000 times the dead water solution or 1500 times the clean water solution of the sweeping mite, about 7-10 days once, 2-3 times.

White whiteflies, aphids, tea yellow mites.

Pests can damage leaves, adversely affect flowering and fruiting, and have the potential to spread viruses and increase the risk of serious disease. If the above-mentioned pests are found, they can be sprayed on the foliar surface with 1500 times dimethoate aqueous solution for timely prevention and control.

Butterflies, poisonous moths, beetles.

These pests often bite the leaves, resulting in insufficient nutrient accumulation, which in turn affects the flowering and growth of bitter gourd. The answer is to spray 800 times the aqueous solution of trichlorfon on the leaf surface or 1000 times the aqueous solution of dichlorvos on the leaf surface when the new branches and leaves are extracted.

The common diseases of bitter gourd, if you want to identify, you can observe the roots and leaves of bitter gourd, if the color has changed, then there must be a disease, you can also observe the fruit of bitter gourd, if the color and shape are not normal, then it means that there is a problem with bitter gourd.

It can be identified by the state of the bitter gourd, by the color of the bitter gourd, by the taste of the bitter gourd, and by the state of the skin of the bitter gourd.

At this time, you can judge according to the growth of bitter gourd, you can also judge according to some spots on the skin of bitter gourd, you can also judge according to the plant size of bitter gourd, and then you can also judge according to the yield of bitter gourd, and you must have knowledge of this at the same time.

Bitter gourd virus disease: harm seedlings and plants that have just flowered and fruited, so that the growth point shrinks, the leaves curl, the plant grows smaller and smaller, and gradually withers and dies, when the leaves begin to curl, it should be sprayed 2 3 times 600 times plant virus vaccine aqueous solution, or 600 times plant booster aqueous solution for prevention and control, sprayed every 7 10 days.

Bitter gourd powdery mildew: onset during flowering and meloning, covered with white powder on the leaves, causing premature plant aging, resulting in interval flowering and deformity of young melons, shortening the harvest period, when there is white powder on the leaves, it should be sprayed every 7 10 days foliar spraying 800 1000 times chlorothalonil clear water solution, but it must be reminded that chlorothalonil has no systemic conduction, and the positive and negative sides of the leaves of the plant must be evenly sprayed to spray the first effect to be more effective. Spray every 7 10 days, 3 4 sprays in a row.

Bitter gourd fruit fly: The larvae are eaten into the young melon, which makes the young melon deformed, and changes color in advance, and then rots and deteriorates, and also emits a foul odor. In the young melon stage, spray the young melon 2 3 times with 1000 times Ruijin special aqueous solution, or 2500 times Kung Fu aqueous solution, once every 4 5 days, and remove the deformed fruits in time, and burn or bury them outside the garden.

Bitter gourd red spider: harm the leaves, suck the sap, make the leaves lose green and yellow, the plant is prematurely senescent, the young melon can not expand, resulting in interval flowering and melon deformity, reduce the yield and quality, during the growth and development of bitter melon, pay attention to check the leaves, and find that there are pink needle-sized larvae adsorbed on the leaves, that is, to spray 2 3 times 1000 times the dead water solution of the mite, spray once every 7 10 days.

Bitter gourd aphid, whitefly, tea yellow mite: harm the leaves, sting and sucking sap, weaken the plant, affect flowering and melon, but also spread the virus, aggravate the occurrence and harm of viral diseases, when it is found that there are aphids on the leaves, whiteflies, tea yellow mites are harmed, the foliar spray should be sprayed once 1500 times the dimethoate aqueous solution, or 1000 times a piece of clean water solution.

Bitter gourd beetle, poisonous moth butterfly, Spodoptera exigua: mainly bite the leaves, reduce the accumulation of nutrients, affect the flowering and fruiting of melons, so that the young melons can not expand, the yield is significantly reduced, after each new leaf extraction, spray a 800 times trichlorfon aqueous solution to the foliage.

Agricultural prevention and control is based on the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control", the use of optimized agronomic measures to control pests and diseases, so as to eliminate, avoid or reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. The main measures are as follows:

1) Select excellent varieties of disease resistance (resistance) according to local conditions.

There are many types and varieties of bitter gourd, its disease resistance is quite different, in the production process according to the occurrence law of local pests and diseases, the type of main diseases, the selection of suitable for local cultivation, with strong disease resistance, it is best to choose high resistance, multi-resistance of excellent varieties, which has obvious effects on the prevention and control of pests and diseases, the production of pollution-free vegetable products. At present, all kinds of major vegetables have basically been cultivated with varieties that are resistant to one or several diseases, and good results have been produced in production. It should be noted that the resistance of vegetable crops to diseases and insects is mainly determined by genetic factors, but cultivation technology and environmental conditions also have a greater impact on their disease resistance.

2) Reform the tillage system, rational crop rotation and intercropping.

The tillage system is a comprehensive technical system of crop planting system and the corresponding land use and land cultivation system, and it is the basic principle that must be followed in the production of pollution-free vegetables. The specific content includes the rational allocation of crop types, the determination of crop rotation, intercropping, intercropping, multiple cropping and other systems according to local conditions, which can not only improve the utilization rate of local resources, increase the diversity of crops, but also help complement each other, reduce the impact of natural disasters on crop growth, control the application of chemical substances, reduce pollution, deal with the relationship between land use and land cultivation, comprehensively improve the nutrient cycle of farmland, the structure of cultivated layers, reduce and avoid the process of land degradation, and rationally regulate and protect existing land resources. Increase land productivity and achieve sustainable crop yields.

3) Adjust the sowing period to avoid the peak period of pests and diseases.

The early and late sowing date not only affects the yield and quality, but also has a close relationship with the occurrence of pests and diseases. Generally, early or late sowing should be appropriate to avoid high temperature and high humidity season, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

4) Cultivate strong seedlings free of diseases and pests.

Before sowing, the seeds should be disinfected, and the seeds can be mixed with pesticides or soaked in warm soup. In the process of raising seedlings, it is necessary to strictly implement various cultivation technical regulations; The seedling age should be appropriate.

5) Miscellaneous. In cultivation, it is necessary to pay attention to timely weeding, cultivating, pruning and pruning, and reasonably arrange management measures such as fertilizer and water, temperature management to avoid or reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.