In the process of cucumber planting, why do there always appear small heads and deformed melons?

Taking eggplant as an example, the occurrence of low environmental conditions, weak light, lack of water, and insufficient nutrients during the flowering period of eggplant will affect the elongation of the pollen tube of eggplant, making it difficult for flower buds to differentiate and photosynthesis.

Reduced assimilation products, flowering or stunted growth of eggplants can lead to malformed fruits. Boron is indispensable for flower bud differentiation in many crops. Because boron is an essential micronutrient for plants, if boron is insufficient, the plant's flower house will shrink, pollen will not develop well, and the proportion of branch deformities will increase.

At the same time, calcium is the cell wall.

An important component, calcium deficiency causes eggplant to bend in proportion.

The application of too much nitrogen fertilizer leads to insufficient potassium fertilizer, branches are easy to grow, and vegetative growth is stronger than reproductive growth, which can lead to insufficient nutrient absorption of branches, stunted growth, curved melon, and sharp melon. At the same time, the large amount of fruit in the early plants can lead to a lack of nutrients in the upper part, leading to deformities. This is the human factor, and growers can pay attention to it in their daily management.

Physical collision damage from stems and leaves and fruits is also prone to bending. For hot and rainy weather, it is recommended that growers reduce the physical temperature by blocking the sun or kicking the mud, and if smoke and rain come, it is recommended that growers manually pollinate in the morning to avoid bending caused by poor moisture. In the summer heat, the principle is to be sure to water frequently.

At the same time, external ventilation is strengthened at night, the temperature difference between day and night increases, and respiration is effective.

Reduce the consumption of too many nutrients and reduce the curvature.

Cucumber is one of the most common and eaten vegetables in our life, cucumber is planted all over our country, in recent years, the plastic greenhouse planting technology is becoming more and more perfect and developed, and there are more and more vegetable farmers who grow cucumbers in plastic greenhouses. However, many vegetable farmers responded that when planting cucumbers in plastic greenhouses, cucumbers often appear deformed, which seriously affects the quality and yield of cucumbers, and greatly reduces the economic benefits of vegetable farmers.

So what is the reason for the deformity of cucumbers grown in plastic greenhouses? How can it be avoided in planting?

Pointy-billed cucumbers are the most common of the deformities, and just like its name, cucumbers are thick and pointed, and the length of the fruit is much smaller than that of the average cucumber. The reason for the appearance of sharp-beaked cucumbers is that when the fruit swells, when the weather is dry for a long time, high temperatures, and little rainfall, the cucumber plant will weaken, and the fruit will not swell due to insufficient nutrients, resulting in sharp-beaked cucumbers. Big belly is also one of the teratogenes, and the formation of big belly is mainly due to the fact that the fertilization of cucumbers is not completely completed.

Cucumbers have seeds before they grow, and nutrients accumulate to the front end first, and the nutrients in the lower parts are insufficient, so they cannot develop, and there is pot-bellied poop. In addition, cucumbers can not be watered enough before growing, too much watering in the later stage, or too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, which will lead to cucumber deformity.

It is likely to be caused by physical factors such as next to or touching something in the growth process, such as excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, which will lead to insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, resulting in stunted growth and deformed fruits.

The stems and leaves are too dense, especially the row spacing is narrow, the plants are closed, and the ventilation and light transmission are poor; or insufficient fertilizer, drought and lack of water, causing plant growth weakness and malnutrition, are prone to produce curved melons. However, some melons are bent due to mechanical reasons such as tendrils, frames and stems, etc., which should be distinguished.

Because cucumbers produce a large number of fruits, it is impossible for each fruit to receive the same nutrients, so the size of the fruit will also be different.

Female insemination of cucumber flowers does not completely produce cucumber potbelly melon. When the cucumber blooms, due to the incomplete fertilization of the female flower of the cucumber, only seeds are generated in the head of the cucumber, so that the nutrients produced by the cucumber plant are preferentially transported to the head and accumulate, resulting in abnormal hypertrophy of the tissue growth of the cucumber head, resulting in the head of the potbelly melon and the formation of the pot-bellied melon. In this case, in addition to creating good conditions for flowering and pollination, we should also try to artificially inseminate flowers for prevention and control.

On the one hand, cucumber is a vegetable that needs loose and fertile soil, sufficient water and high calories, and on the other hand, it is a plant with weak root absorption capacity, poor regeneration ability, low temperature tolerance, moisture and waterlogging. Cucumbers must be planted with sufficient and balanced water and nutrients. Here, we place special emphasis on equilibrium.

There can be no shortage of water, waterlogging, lack of fertilizer or excessive nutrients in the early stage and later defertilization, etc., but also pay attention to the balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements.

This is followed by temperature and light. Ground temperature below 13, above 30, temperature below 8, above 40 will lead to the cessation of development and the formation of deformed melons.

Growing environment conditions change. The temperature difference between day and night is too large, causing different parts to expand at different speeds. Lack of light and low humidity will reduce the growth and development of cucumbers.

Curved melon, sharp-mouthed melon, bee waist melon, pot-bellied melon, melon, hook melon, when the above problems occur, it will increase the proportion of cucumber deformities.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fertilization and fertilization in the process of planting cucumbers, pay attention to the use of phosphorus fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and supplement organic fertilizer in a timely manner, which can well prevent the production of deformed melons, especially in the period of cucumber growth, we must pay attention to the management of fertilizer and water.

For example, the growth rate is uneven, or there are bugs. There are too many branches. and the land is too arid or not watered.

YellowMelon, also known as courgette, belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, melon is a cultivated species with thorns in young and medium fruits, and is an annual herbaceous creeping climbing plant. Strengthen field management, avoid over-drying and over-wetting of soil, timely and appropriate topdressing, and improve photosynthetic efficiency. The greenhouse winter stubble production light is weak, and it should be made into a low south and north high gradient furrow, and appropriate sparse planting.

Timely prevention and treatment of scab. (2) The pot-bellied melon is swollen and thickened from the middle to the top of the melon strips.

The reasons for the curved melon of cucumber are mostly related to the lack of nutrients and the weakening of plant growth, especially the excessive temperature difference, insufficient light and high temperature climate are most likely to lead to the bending of the young melon. The water of the plant is normal in the early stage of melon formation, and the abnormal water content in the middle and late stage of melon setting will also cause the young melon to bend First of all, the development of cucumber fruit is affected by seed development, and when pollination and fertilization are good, the seed development is uniform, the fruit is evenly expanded, and the fruit shape is neat; If the pollination and fertilization are poor and the seed development is uneven, the ovule placenta tissue will develop unevenly, forming a deformed melon.

In the arid and rainless areas of the northern region, try not to plant cucumbers in the south in the open field, which may cause the cucumbers to be deformed due to environmental factors. Self-retained seeds should be selected to be straight, and cucumbers growing in the middle and lower parts should be reserved for later use. Foliar sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the middle and late stages of the plant to prevent premature senescence.

After the cucumber is seated, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or natural brassin, and adding a small amount of borax can significantly improve the quality of cucumber and reduce the probability of deformed melon. Resistance during growth. For example, when the melon strip hits the melon vine, hanging rope and other obstructions, it cannot be elongated normally, resulting in bending.

At the time of planting, the cucumber seedlings used have diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, aging seedlings and stiff seedlings, then, after these inferior cucumber seedlings are transplanted into the field, the cucumbers that bear fruit have a great chance of deformity. Nutrients and fertilizers must be sufficient, but there is also a need to prevent overnutrition, causing leaves, melon branches to flourish, and less fruit, and to prevent malnutrition caused by yellowing of leaves and low yield. It is also necessary to do a good job in pest control measures.

To avoid deformity of cucumbers, we need to pay attention to the following two points: first, maintain adequate nutrition; Second, keep plenty of light and avoid underlighting.

It is carried out at the time of cultivating the seedlings. The good ones are kept, and the bad ones are thrown away to lay the foundation for the treatment of strong seedlings and the healthy growth of cucumbers.

The most suitable temperature for growing and developing cucumbers is about 20 degrees Celsius, and if the temperature is too high, it will affect the cucumbers, resulting in the appearance of deformed melons. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature is moderate.

I think that the appearance of deformed cucumbers is probably due to nutritional deficiencies. To avoid this, you should fertilize and water properly.

The common deformed melons of cucumbers include curved melon, sharp-mouthed melon, pot-bellied melon, bee waist melon, etc., and the deformed melon is mainly caused by the influence of climatic conditions or improper management, of course, some varieties themselves will also cause the fruit to produce deformed melon. Let's talk about the causes of cucumber deformity, and at the same time learn about the prevention and control methods of cucumber deformity.

1. Causes of cucumber deformity.

1. The reason for the formation of curved melon.

There are two types of bowed melons and hooked melons.

The toxo-shaped melon is caused by the fact that the cucumber is hindered by some hard objects during the growth process, resulting in the melon body touching the ground and not growing normally. If cucumbers are hindered by frames, ropes, and stems during growth, they will also form bow-shaped melons. The formation of curved melon is mostly caused by the poor growth environment, such as high temperature, drought, lack of fertilizer, pests and diseases, weak plant growth, etc.

2. The reason for the formation of the sharp-mouthed melon.

The main reasons are high temperature, weak light, drought, lack of fertilizer and serious pests and diseases in the greenhouse, which lead to the lack of nutrients and water for the growth of young melons.

As a result, the top part of the fruit receives less nutrients and water and slowers to expand, while the middle and bottom cucumbers will grow much faster than the top cucumbers because they receive more nutrients and water, and finally the sharp-mouthed melon will be formed.

3. The reason for the formation of pot-bellied melon.

Potbelly melon also occurs mostly in the middle and late stages of cucumber cultivation. Poor pollination, senescence of the plant, limited nutrients and water are preferentially transported to the top part of the fruit, the top expands quickly, and the middle base lacks nutrients and water grows very slowly, and finally the potbelly (big head) melon will be formed. Lack of fertilizer and moisture, high temperatures, low light, and severe pests and diseases are the main reasons for the formation of pot-bellied melons.

4. The reason for the formation of bee kidney melon.

Bee waist melon, also known as thin waist melon, mostly occurs in the middle and late stages of cucumber cultivation. When the plant is weakened, the soil moisture condition is unstable, and the young melon receives more nutrients and less water, in which case the bee melon will be formed.

2. Preventive measures for deformed melons.

1. Prevention and control methods of pot-bellied melon.

Watering at the right time and in the right amount to control the temperature and avoid large temperature differences. Appropriate topdressing of potassium fertilizer to ensure the normal development, flowering and pollination of male and female flowers.

2. Prevention and control methods of sharp-mouthed melon.

1) Use more organic fertilizer and water more to improve the water supply and fertilizer supply capacity of the soil and prevent the plant from wilting.

2) To build a warm greenhouse, the greenhouse should use a film with good light transmission to increase light transmittance.

3) Grasp the planting spacing of melon seedlings to ensure that each plant can have sufficient nutrition and growth space.

3. Prevention and control methods of bee kidney melon.

Reflective film can be hung in the garden to enhance the photosynthesis of cucumbers and increase material accumulation. At the same time, the amount of trace element fertilizer can be increased to supplement enough nutrients to cucumbers.

4. Prevention and control methods of curved melon.

Do a good job in temperature, humidity, light, water and fertilizer management, if the temperature is too high or too low, it will lead to too large or too small temperature difference, which will affect the normal growth of cucumbers.

Common deformed melons and the causes of deformities:

Curved melon: The melon strips are curved like hooks. Caused by insufficient light and improper management of temperature and moisture. Female flowers or young fruits can also be bent if they are shaded by the trellis and stems.

Sharp-mouthed melon: The upper part of the melon strip is normal, and the lower part is sharp-mouthed. This is mainly due to the low number of pollinators in greenhouses in early spring. Although cucumbers can bear fruit unisexually without pollination, they can only develop into normal fruits when the nutritional conditions are good, and if the nutrients are insufficient, they are easy to form long-nosed melons.

Pot-bellied melon: The upper part of the melon strip is slender, and the lower part is expanded into an oval spherical shape. This is due to insufficient pollination of female flowers, and the anterior terminal compartment of pollination swells first. The unpollinated posterior part is not swollen. If the nutrients are insufficient, it is easy to form this melon when the water is insufficient.

Thin waist melon: The end of the melon strip is normal. The middle section is tapered.

It is due to the time difference of nutrients and water **. Melon strips accumulate nutrients unevenly, resulting in c addition. Scarchins can also occur when plants are infected with scab or boron deficiency.

If deformed melons are found, they should be removed in time. to reduce nutrient consumption.

Precautions when growing cucumbers:

1. Temperature and humidity control.

Generally, the minimum temperature at night is not lower than 10, and the daytime temperature is kept below 30; Increase ventilation and lower the humidity in the shed to prevent diseases.

2. Reasonable fertilizer and water.

To control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used to prevent vigorous growth, it is recommended to use 5-10kg mu of Loew black cohesion balance type during the melon expansion period, so that the plants grow in a balanced manner to prevent the appearance of deformed melon.

3. Plant adjustment.

Remove deformed melons in time, reduce nutrient consumption, regularly remove diseased old leaves, increase ventilation and light transmission capacity, and appropriately retain melons according to the actual growth of the plant, so as to avoid increasing the rate of deformed melons due to excessive load, and can keep melons at intervals.

4. Disease prevention and control.

Cucumber diseases are relatively common, so ventilate as much as possible and keep the humidity in the shed low to prevent the occurrence of diseases. Spray pesticides regularly to prevent downy mildew, powdery mildew, target spot, corner spot and other diseases.

It may be a problem with the variety, it may be that the management and control have not been strengthened, it may be that it has not been watered and fertilized in time, it may be that there are pests and diseases, and it may be that there is a lack of fertilizer.