How to diagnose the pesticide damage of crops?

<> "The wide application of pesticides, fungicides, herbicides and various plant hormones in production makes crop pesticide damage inevitable. Therefore, controlling the types and symptoms of damage caused by plant drugs and taking preventive and control measures in time are issues that cannot be ignored in the safe use of pesticides.

1.Pesticide Residue Damage This type of pesticide damage is characterized by the fact that the current crop is not damaged by pesticides after application, while chemicals left in the soil can cause pesticide damage to the crops that are most vulnerable to the next harvest. The use of simazine herbicides in corn fields often causes damage to the drug for the next crop, such as canola and legumes.

This type of pesticide damage usually occurs during the seed germination phase of the next harvest. For example, the root tip, plant tip and other parts turn brown or rot, affecting normal growth; In severe cases, rotting seeds and sprouts can reduce the incidence of emergencies, or they may not occur. This drug damage is difficult to diagnose and can easily be mistaken for fertilizer damage.

Misdiagnosis can be avoided by understanding the cultivation and management of previous crops, the history of pesticides, geotechnical tests, and other measures.

2.Chronic drug damage does not show symptoms immediately after medication, has a certain incubation period, prevents the growth of crops, deteriorates the taste of fruits, etc. This type of drug damage is often difficult to diagnose and can be easily confused with other physiological conditions.

Methods for understanding the occurrence of diseases and plagues, the type of application, the quantity, the area, and plant control can be used for diagnosis.

3.Acute drug injuries are characterized by rapid onset and prominent symptoms. In general, symptoms may appear within a few hours of taking the drug.

It usually manifests as punctate, perforated, burned, curled, deformed, wilted, yellow, chlorine, or albino of the culture leaves. The damage caused by the roots is characterized by short and thick roots, sparse, yellowish or thickened root bark, peduncles, and damage to the seeds indicates that it is unable to germinate or germinates slowly. Plant damage is characterized by flower drop, bud drop, fruit deformity, atrophy, defects, brown fruit, rust, fruit drop, and the damage of such pesticides is mainly caused by excessive use of pesticides or improper treatment of seeds by pesticides.

It can be determined according to the growth of the plant, according to the root of the leaf of the plant, and if there is a problem with the root of the leaf of the plant, it can be confirmed.

The wide application of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and various plant hormones in the production makes crop pesticide damage inevitable, therefore, mastering the types and symptoms of crop pesticide damage and taking timely prevention and control measures is a problem that cannot be ignored in the safe use of pesticides.

It is mainly based on the damage of the crop and whether there will be relief after dilution of the soil, and it can be confirmed through these actions.

For example, if the plant wilts, the leaves will turn yellow and spots, the plant will be deformed or stagnant, and the leaves or fruits will fall off.

There will be symptoms of non-flowering, slow growth, plant decay, and slow plant development, all of which are symptoms of being damaged by pesticides.

There will be dryness, yellowing, spots, deformities, growth stagnation, infertility, and fruit shedding.

Leaf yellow growth stagnation will be triggered.

Whether it's an exterminator. Pesticide fungicides or herbicides, when purchasing drugs, you should go to a reliable agricultural production material store to buy the well-known trademarks of large enterprises, and check the three certificates of pesticides (production license. Product implementation standard certificate. Application for Registration Certificate).

The type of drug should be selected appropriately according to the specific requirements, and the disease should be accurately identified when purchasing the drug. Pest. The type of weeds takes into account the texture of the soil.

Climatic conditions. On the basis of the characteristics of the disease, the most suitable type of drug is selected by integrating the type of planted crops, the process of crop pregnancy and the link where the disease and Cordyceps are located when taking the drug, so as to prevent the crop from being sensitive to the drug and causing drug damage. In the prevention of diseases, it is necessary to establish and distinguish diseases according to their symptoms.

Pest. Bacterial diseases. Bacterial diseases.

Physiological diseases, at the same time to note the basis must be different systemic type. Touch-kill type. Elimination type and maintenance type.

Healability. Slow-acting. Rapid-acting type and other drug characteristics.

The dosage or concentration value required by the strict instruction manual is used, and in the case of the application of some pesticides, if it is used excessively. If the concentration value is too high, it is easy to cause the crop to be poisoned by drugs. Therefore, no matter which drugs are being used, the dosage required by the instructions for use of the drug must be strictly followed.

The application within the range of concentration value must not increase the dose or concentration value without authorization, which can greatly reduce the occurrence of crop pesticide damage. In addition, generally speaking, the frequency of application of each drug should not be higher than 2 times per year, otherwise it is very easy to cause drug residues and endanger the growth and development of crops.

Grasp the application time of pesticides, and the vast majority of pesticides can not be exposed to high temperature and strong light at noon. Ultra-low temperature and rainy. Windy air temperature.

The soil layer is too dry or too wet, otherwise it is very easy to reduce the activity of the drug. It weakens the pesticide and is also very easy to cause pesticide damage to crops after use. In addition, spraying should be prevented in the windy temperature, otherwise it is very easy to cause the medicine to be free and easy to cause crop damage, under normal conditions, spraying should be selected without wind into or light wind temperature, when the wind level exceeds 2-3 above the spray.

When carrying out drug mixing or applying drugs with leaf fertilizer, on the one hand, we should pay attention to the pH and compatibility mode of drugs and fertilizers, on the other hand, we must carry out secondary dilution, and at the same time, we must strictly follow leaf fertilizer. WP. Granules.

liquids. The order of emulsifiable concentrate is added sequentially, and after each addition of a drug, it must be stirred sufficiently, and after the drug is stable, there is no fading. Sedimentation.

Bubble. Turbid. After the precipitate, add the next drug to carry out the dilution, and the number of drugs mixed each time cannot be more than 3.

After the dilution of the solution is good, it should be tested in a small area, and then sprayed in a large area after the main performance of the crop is normal.

(1) Spot pesticide damage mainly occurs on leaves, sometimes on stalks or fruit epidermis. Common ones include brown spots, yellow spots, wilted spots, and net spots.

2) Yellowing can occur in the stem and leaf parts of the plant, and the yellowing of leaves occurs more. The main cause of yellowing is that pesticides hinder the normal photosynthesis of chlorophyll. Mild occurrence is manifested by yellowing of the leaves, and severe occurrence is manifested by yellowing of the whole plant.

3) Deformity caused by pesticide damage can occur in crop stems, leaves and roots, and the common ones include leaf rolling, clumping, swollen roots, deformed spikes, deformed fruits, etc.

4) Fusarium wilt damage often shows symptoms in the whole plant, mostly caused by herbicides.

5) Growth arrest is to inhibit the normal growth of crops, so that the growth of plants is slow, herbicide pesticide damage generally has this phenomenon, but it is more or less different.

6) Infertility is a kind of drug damage caused by improper medication during the reproductive growth period of crops.

7) Shedding is mostly manifested in fruit trees and some dicot plants, with symptoms such as leaf loss, flower loss, and fruit drop.

8) Inferior fruits: This kind of pesticide damage is manifested in the fruit of the plant, which makes the fruit smaller in size, abnormal in the fruit surface, and worse in quality, which affects the edible value.

How to identify the basic symptoms of pesticide damage? 1. What are the basic symptoms of pesticide damage? For farmers, in the process of planting crops, it is necessary to spray pesticides on crops, but if the operation is improper, it may cause the emergence of pesticide damage, pesticide damage refers to some damage caused to crops when playing pesticides, in general, under the condition of excessive pesticide use, some people will also spray pesticides on unsuitable crop parts and cause pesticide damage, pesticide damage may occur in crops with yellow leaves, Or the leaves fall, and even the fruits of crops will fall to varying degrees, and the most serious consequence is the death of crops, so pesticide damage is a relatively serious phenomenon that may lead to crop yields.

2. How to identify whether there is pesticide damage? Pesticide damage, this situation to identify is relatively easy, as long as the surface of the crop is observed whether there is dryness, death, or fruit falling leaf falling, etc., these phenomena can be judged, some crops will also be due to pesticide damage fruit deformity and stop growing, such a situation, so the identification of pesticide pesticide damage can be judged by the naked eye.

3. How to prevent pesticide damage? The prevention of pesticide damage is very simple and direct, that is, in the process of using pesticides, we must pay attention to the appropriate amount of pesticides can help crops grow better, excessive pesticides may lead to crop yield reduction or even death, so the appropriate use of pesticides is very important on the one hand, in addition, pesticides in the process of use, must be used according to the growth characteristics of crops, do not spray crops on some inappropriate parts, to avoid damage to crops, in addition, Once the crop is damaged by pesticides, it is necessary to stop the loss in time, find a suitable way to recover the loss, do not insist on going its own way, as long as you pay attention to these points, you can effectively prevent the appearance of pesticide damage.

Be sure to ask some old farmers for their opinions, and then you can go to the places you don't understand, so that you can understand what the disease is.

The basic symptoms of pesticide damage should be identified as follows: spots of different colors and shapes on leaves, brown spots on fruits, deformed fruits, fruit drops, etc.

It can be identified by the symptoms of symptoms, the process of spraying, the damage caused to crops, and the fall of leaves.

In the production of vegetables and fruits in sheds, with the improvement of the application of pesticides, fungicides and various plant hormones, pesticide damage will often occur. Especially in recent times, due to the reason of even cloudy days, there is no medicine in the shed for a long time, in case of sunny days, farmers usually can't wait to spray pesticides and fungicides, but after spraying, the agent can not be fully digested and absorbed, and the next day in case of cloudy days, pesticide damage will be widely produced. In such a situation, it is important to immediately grasp the disease of vegetables and fruits and take preventive measures.

Residual drug damage

The characteristic of this kind of pesticide damage is that after spraying, the residual pesticide in the soil environment causes pesticide damage to crops that are more sensitive to stubble. In the shed where fruit trees are planted at the beginning of the stubble, when vegetables and fruits such as peppers and tomatoes are planted in the next stubble, they will suffer from the harm of mequatibin, so that the growth and development of vegetables and fruits will be inhibited. A similar problem occurred in Maotuo Village, Xingjia, Shouguang City, where a farmer planted green beans on the land where he had planted Huai yam in the last crop, and as a result, the residue of mequat in the soil environment caused the dwarf growth and development of green bean plants, and the distorted leaves.

Chronic drug damage

This kind of pesticide is not easy to produce symptoms at the time of spraying, but after the continuous application of such pesticides, the growth and development of plants are harmed, such as the use of growth hormone to solve the flower, there is no symptom at that time, but after the growth hormone in the plant accumulates to a certain level, in case of cloudy days or unfavorable environment for plant growth, the pesticide disease will be shown.

Acute drug damage

This kind of pesticide damage characteristics are very significant, produce quickly, the disease is significant, generally in the next few hours or a few days after the spray will occur symptoms, generally manifested as leaf stains, holes, coking plant, rolling, loss of green or whitening and other diseases. The main manifestations of root damage are short, thick and thick rhizomes, scarce root hairs, dark brown and even rotten root bark. The main manifestations of plant damage are flower dropping and fruit loss, and fruit deformity shrinking.

Most of these pesticides are caused by the excessive application of chemical fertilizers.

For the above three types of pesticide damage, the authoritative experts of the Shouguang Vegetable Association suggest that we should use reasonable methods to reduce the damage after the occurrence of pesticide damage, so as to reduce the loss to a small extent. Spray water to wash the medicine, after finding that the wrong fertilizer is sprayed or the pesticide damage is generated, if the surface of the plant has not been completely absorbed, you can immediately spray cold water to clean the surface of the damaged plant with the spine and ear ants. After the pesticide damage occurs, it can be combined with leaf spraying and root solution to reduce the pesticide damage.

Leaf spraying Dafengshou No. 1 800 times can effectively alleviate leaf pesticide diseases. In addition, in the case of sunny temperatures, the sea power (one barrel per mu) is used.

Agricultural planting techniques

It can reasonably adjust the soil layer, improve the quality of the soil, promote the growth of plants, and alleviate the negative impact of pesticide damage. If the pesticide damage is more serious, the greenish and discolored branches have already lost their due efficacy, and can be cut off to avoid the spread of the pesticide in the plant again. Agents that are sensitive to some vegetables and fruits should be remembered clearly.

For example, anthrax fome ingredients should not be used to spray legume food crops. After azimethamine spraying of eggplant, there will be excellent spots on the fruit of green beans, which will affect the appearance of green beans.