What are the common pests and diseases of apple trees?

There are red spiders, scale insects, heart-eating insects, golden-veined moths, etc., which should be manually treated in time, otherwise it will be very harmful to apples.

1: Rot.

2: Wheel disease.

3: Powdery mildew.

4: Aphids. 5: Spotted defoliation.

6: Spider mites.

7: Peach heartworm.

8: Anthrax.

9: Pear heartworm.

10: Scale insects.

There are scale insects, aphids, leaf-curling moths, beetles, caterpillars, heart-eating insects, etc., which are harmful to apple trees and must be paid more attention.

The main diseases of apple trees are powdery mildew, root rot, brown spot, rot, etc., and the main pests and diseases are leaf mites, aphids, scale insects, moths and dung beetles. Many pests and diseases overwinter on diseased leaves and branches, and scattered dead leaves are the source of infection and insects at the beginning of the following year. Therefore, garden cleaning should be carried out in winter and spring.

In mid to late March, the whole garden is sprayed with sulfur mixture once, and in early April, before flowering, organophosphorus insecticides are sprayed once, which can control pests such as lobbleworms, cotton aphids, scale insects, dung beetles, etc.

Ring disease

Apple trees are planted during the disease process, generally concentrated in rainy days. Autumn is rainy and has many threads.

Hazard characteristics: Nearly round and almost dark red spots will appear on the branches around the holes, severe bark cracking, and thick bark will appear. In the young fruit stage, the occurrence of annual ring grain is less, and generally more occurs after the fruit ripening stage, and serious fruit trees appear to rot in a short time.

Round fruits. Rotular-spot disease

Hazard characteristics: mainly damage leaves, but can also infect fruits. After leaf infection, leaf spots are mostly concentrated at the leaf margin.

Initially brown to black round spots that enlarge. The leaf margin spots are semicircular, the middle spots are round or nearly round, light brown, with distinct margins. Late-stage lesions** are grayish-brown or grayish-white with black spots scattered above, and the lesions are often ruptured or perforated.

When the temperature is high and humid, black mold grows on the back of the lesion. The fruit is infected, the lesions turn black, and the diseased parts become soft.

Round spot disease

From late April to early May, temperatures are on the low side, occurring in the Yellow River Basin. It peaks in mid-to-late May and lasts until October.

Hazard characteristics: It mainly affects the leaves, but also the petioles, treetops, and fruits. The leaf infection has just begun to appear yellow-green to brown round spots with clear edges, purple at the junction of the green spots and green spots, ** with a small black spot, like corn.

After fruit infestation, irregular, slightly raised, dark brown irregular or radial spots with small black spots appear on the surface of the fruit, and the tissue becomes hard or necrotic, sometimes cracking.

The symptoms of apple tree rust are small rust-colored particles on the surface of the fruit, rough fruit surface, and severe wrinkling during storage. Yellowing disease of apple trees is a common disease of alkaline soil, and its symptoms are yellow-green or yellow-white of young leaves, and yellow-white of the whole leaves and dead spots on the leaf margins when the disease is severe. The onset of apple tree rot disease is that the diseased part is reddish-brown, which quickly dries out and sags, and the edges are not obvious.

For example, spider mites, powdery mildew, rot diseases, as well as anthrax, leaf mites, small leaf curl moths, etc., generally spread quickly, which will have a serious impact on apples and lead to a decrease in apple production.

1.Apple rot disease Hazard characteristics: apple rot disease is a devastating disease of apples in Huaibei area, which mainly occurs on the trunk and large branches of fruiting trees, and also harms twigs and seedlings.

The diseased plants are severely weakened, resulting in a large number of dead branches and dead trees. There are two types of symptoms: ulcerative type and branch wilt type. Diseased branches, skins and twigs are the source of infection.

2.Apple anthracnose Hazard characteristics: Apple anthracnose occurs seriously in areas or years with high temperature and rain, mainly harming fruits, causing rot and a large number of fruit drops. The fungus overwinters on diseased fruits, small dead fruits and diseased dead branches, and forms conidia in the following year to spread by wind and rain.

3.Characteristics of apple ring disease: apple ring disease mainly damages branches and fruits, weakens the tree in severe cases, and causes fruit drop.

It has the characteristics of latent impregnation, and after the fruit is infected, it mostly occurs in the near-ripening stage and the early stage of storage. Severe incidence in rainy areas and rainy years. Among the apple varieties, Fuji was the most affected, followed by the Golden Crown.

During the growing season, the spores are propagated by wind and rain.

4.Early defoliation disease of apples Hazard characteristics: Early defoliation of apples is a general term for several diseases of apple leaves.

Among them, there are two types of severe defoliation: brown spot disease and spotted defoliation disease (caused by the virulent strain of the wheel spot fungus). Brown spot disease mainly damages adult leaves, which occurs seriously in golden crown and red jade varieties, and spot defoliation disease mainly infects young leaves, and occurs two peaks in spring and autumn shoots, and marshal varieties are seriously damaged. The germs overwinter on diseased leaves and are then spread by rainwater splashes.

The main diseases of apple trees in spring are powdery mildew, root rot, brown spot, rot disease, etc., and the main pests and diseases are leaf mites, aphids, scale insects, moths and dung beetles.

One, the apple is rotten.

Characteristics: Apple rot disease is a devastating disease of apples in Huaibei area, which mainly occurs on the main stem and large branches of fruit trees, and also affects twigs and young trees. The diseased plants are severely weakened, resulting in a large number of dead branches and dead trees.

There are two symptoms: ulcers and dead branches. Diseased branches, skins, and branches are the source of infection.

Control methods: strengthen fertilizer cultivation management, control the amount of fruit set, enhance tree potential, and improve the resistance of the tree to rot disease. Inspect the orchard frequently and scrape the site as soon as possible.

After scraping, apply the mixture 2-3 times. Spraying 80-100 times of the arsenic cream solution of Buddha plum before germination in spring can prevent diseases. Diseased branches and skins should be burned immediately to prevent infection.

Bridging or foot grafting can be used to help severely damaged plants regain their growth potential.

Second, anthrax.

Hazard characteristics: mainly harmful fruits, but also can harm branches. In the early stage, light brown spots appear on the surface of the fruit, gradually expanding, brown or dark brown, the sunken surface is soft and rotten, the flesh is funnel-shaped, rotten to the heart of the fruit, there is a bitter taste, and the flesh boundary is good and obvious.

Drug prevention and control: before the onset of the disease, spray alkaline copper sulfate glue, mancozeb and other early can be used isomycelium, methylthiazide mancozeb.

3. Brown spot disease.

Brown spot disease, also known as green-edged brown spot disease, is one of the main diseases that cause early defoliation of apple trees.

Harmful symptoms: There are three types of spots: (1) concentric wheel lines.

The spots are round in shape with yellow, dark brown centers surrounded by concentric wheel-like black dots (conidia disks of bacteria) and green halos around the spots. (2) Needle type. The spots are pin-like and spread outward, and the edges are indistinct.

The spots are small and numerous. (3) Mixed type. The plaques are large, nearly round or irregular, dark brown, grayish-white in the center.

There are also small black dots on it, but there are no obvious concentric rings.

Prevention and control measures: (1) Reasonable pruning, pay attention to drainage, and improve ventilation and light conditions in the park. In autumn and winter, the leaves and residual branches and leaves of the orchard are cleaned and buried or burned.

2) Generally starting in mid-May, 1 time every 15 days, a total of 3 4 times. Commonly used agents are: Bordeaux liquid; methyltoprazine; mancozeb, or chlorothalonil, etc.

Watch out for rust caused by spraying Bordeaux wine at the young fruiting stage.

The common pests and diseases of apple trees are: brown spot disease: he mainly infects the leaves and fruits in the early stage of the fruit industry is black-brown, small black spots, and the middle part of the late spot disease is gray, and the white causes the fruit leaves to perforate and mold, and invade the fruit.

Ring disease: This disease mostly occurs in the rainy season, and the fruit tree is surrounded by round, dark red spots, resulting in cracking of the bark and rough bark condition; Round spot disease: This disease occurs around May, the temperature is low, and it is easy to attack fruit leaves, petiole trees and fruits.

It brings great damage to the apple tree, affects the growth of the apple tree, affects the yield of the apple tree, causes the death of the apple tree, causes the leaves to fall off, and causes serious infection, which can easily lead to the drying of the branches. Powdery mildew, brown spot, rot, root rot, aphids.

Common diseases of apple trees include ring disease, brown rot, anthracnose, mosaic disease, rot disease, canker disease, etc. There are also rot diseases, anthracnose, ring disease, leaf mites, peach heartworms, small leaf curling moths, etc., which seriously affect the yield and quality of apple tree planting.

Apple tree rust can be controlled by spraying 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, and spraying 20-30 times of paraffin emulsifier 20 days after flowering, which can play a preventive role; Apple tree yellowing disease can be sprayed with ferric fulvic acid solution for prevention and control, and sprayed 2-3 times continuously; In early and mid-May, 8,000-10,000 times of 20%** concentrated solvent was used to spray the liquid to prevent and control yellow aphids.

1. Fruit rust prevention and control methods

1. The symptoms of apple tree fruit rust are small rust-colored particles on the surface of the fruit, rough fruit surface, serious wrinkled skin during storage, rainy weather in the young fruit stage, and easy to induce fruit rust when low temperature and high humidity.

2. 700 times of Antaisheng's 70% wettable powder, 600-800 times of 40% carbendazim suspension, 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, and 400-500 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder can be used for spray control at the young fruit stage.

3. In addition, spray 20-30 times of paraffin emulsifier, 80-100 times of 27% high-fat film emulsion or 30 times of silica aqueous solution 10-20 days after flowering, and spray 2-3 times continuously to avoid rust.

2. Prevention and control methods of yellowing

Yellowing disease of apple tree is a common disease of alkaline soil, and its symptoms are yellow-green or yellow-white of young leaves, and when the disease is severe, the whole leaves are yellowish-white, with dead spots on the leaf margins, and the top leaves are scorched, but the lower leaves are normal. Ferrous sulfate, urea mixture or ferric fulvic acid solution can be sprayed 2-3 times in a row during the onset of the disease during the spring growth period.

3. Methods for the prevention and control of rot diseases

The onset symptoms of apple tree rot disease are reddish-brown in the diseased part, which quickly dries out and sinks, the edges are not obvious, the shape is irregular, and the branches and leaves are not lush when the disease is severe, and there is a phenomenon of many fruits. You can use 30% rotten enemy 30 times liquid, Fubiqing coating or emulsion 2-3 times liquid, Wuningmycin fermentation broth 10 20 times liquid, spring and summer each apply 1 time to prevent the spread of disease spots for a long time and reduce the rate.

Fourth, dry rot prevention and control methods

1. The bark of the tree appears dark brown or black-brown irregular lesions, which can expand upwards along one side of the trunk, with cracks at the edges, rust-colored parts that are not diseased, and sour and rotten parts that ooze brown mucus.

2. After water loss, the stiff fruit is formed, and the surface of the fruit produces small black raised spots. It can be sprayed and controlled 10 days after flowering, such as 500-800 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 800-1000 times of 40% carbendazim suspension, and 500-600 times of 50% antibacterial extra wettable powder. It should be noted that young fruits within 40 days of fruit age should not be sprayed with Bordeaux liquid to prevent rust.

5. Yellow aphid control methods

In early and mid-May, when the occurrence of yellow aphid increased significantly, 3000-5000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 8000-10000 times of 20% ** multi-concentration solvent can be sprayed, which has a strong knockdown power and obvious control effect.

Pre-germination fungicide for apple trees: 25% Jinlishi (propiconazole % Yushi (penticonazole % Lizhi (thiophanate-methyl % Jinnahai (formabi), polyantimycin. Pesticides:

40% chlorpyrifos (chlorpyrifos), chlormethrin (deltamethrin), avermectin, 20% alitol (deltamethrin).

In the management process of apple trees, they should be watered appropriately, and the principle of "seeing dry, seeing wet" should be adhered to, and should be watered according to regulations. Low toxicity and low residue agents to achieve the purpose of pest control. When spraying, it is recommended to use high-efficiency spraying equipment with good atomization effect, using physical means to thin flowers and fruits, prune sparse pests and diseases in summer, and directly wipe a small number of insects.

Apple trees are suitable for planting in spring and autumn. First of all, the land should be fertilized, and the fruit trees should be planted in loose, breathable soil. It is also possible to try to build a garden on a sunny and leeward plot.

Apples are suitable for deep, well-drained, organic-rich sandy loam soils. During the first watering, water as much as possible so that the roots absorb the water and fully bind to the soil. Proper water supply during the growth period, watering the soil when it is dry, and watering without drought.

The apple tree is an excellent cash crop. At present, China's apple trees have a large planting area, high yield, and continuous improvement and updating of varieties. The range of apple planting is relatively wide, most of them are planted in the northern region, the planting area is large, and the market demand is also large.

According to the types of apple orchard pests and diseases, in the critical period of prevention and control, the use of safe production allowed by high efficiency, insect pest shells are very harmful to apple trees, especially in some apple orchards in the north of the insect pest shell frequency is getting higher and higher, the filling of insect pest shells is seriously overlapped, killing wilted branches or plants, apple common scale insects are pear branch target interface insects, cocidioids, mulberry white insects, Kang mealworms, etc., mainly concentrated in apple branches, leaves, fruits, plant juice. The most serious diseases occur in the branches: when the scales suck the branches with adults and nymphs, the cortex becomes corked, the phloem and ductal tissues decay, the cortex ruptures, the growth of the branches is inhibited, resulting in defoliation, and even the tip of the branch dries out, and the whole plant dies.

In winter and spring, the branches with dense shells should be cut off by shrinking branches and thinning them, and they should be taken out of the orchard and burned intensively to reduce the number of wintering insects on the trees. At the beginning of the orchard, the parasite should be completely cut off, burned or removed with a brush to ** the source of the worm. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, improve the potential of forest trees, and improve the resistance to pests and diseases.