How to prevent agricultural soil pollution?

Soil is very important for growing crops, so how can we prevent and control agricultural soil pollution? Next, let me explain to you in detail the causes of agricultural soil pollution and the prevention and control methods.

First, the causes of agricultural soil pollution.

1) Sewage irrigation pollutes the discharge of chemical waste, causing water pollution. The contaminated water is used to irrigate rice fields, causing the soil to be contaminated and absorbed by crops, resulting in severe levels of cadmium in rice.

2) Pesticides. Fertilizer.

Contaminate. The indiscriminate use of pesticides and fertilizers has caused soil pollution and reduced soil fertility. The role of pesticides and fertilizers in controlling agricultural pests and diseases and promoting high agricultural yields is unquestionable.

According to expert surveys, after the massive use of pesticides, about 40% -60% of the pesticides fall on the ground and 5% -30% float in the air. Pesticides that fall on the ground can enter the water or seep into the soil with surface runoff from rainfall. A series of processes that make pesticides remain in the soil, so that pesticides are adsorbed in the soil, and pesticides are degraded, volatilized, diffused and migrated in the soil, causing serious pollution to the soil.

3) Improper use of chemical fertilizers, such as excessive fertilization and improper application methods, will cause damage to the soil. The upper limit of nitrogen use efficiency is only 35%, and the upper limit of phosphorus use efficiency is only 20%. Phosphate fertilizers enter the soil.

water bodies and atmosphere; However, farmers lack environmental awareness, over-rely on chemical raw materials, emphasize output over input, and reduce the use of organic fertilizers, which directly leads to the decline of soil fertility and the decline of organic matter content at an annual rate. The toxicity of nitrogen fertilizers is mainly nitrate and nitrite.

The toxicity of phosphate fertilizers is mainly heavy metals, fluorine and radioactive elements.

uranium, pavement).

Second, methods for the prevention and control of agricultural soil pollution.

1) Control and elimination of soil pollution sources: Implement total pollution control, strictly control the discharge and concentration of industrial "three wastes", and rationally apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Feces, garbage, domestic sewage.

harmless treatment. Strengthen the treatment and comprehensive utilization of industrial wastewater, waste gas and waste residue. Strictly control the quality of irrigation water.

Rational use of pesticides, actively develop high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides, reasonably control the dosage, scope of application, number of pesticides and application time, and improve pesticide application technology.

2) Increase soil capacity and improve soil purification capacity.

3) Treatment of contaminated soil: take measures to prevent the migration and transformation of pollutants in the soil and enter the food chain of the contaminated soil.

The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production can contaminate the soil. Therefore, it should be the means of rotational tillage. Let the soil regain a certain vitality and maintain fertility.

We must adhere to the principle of prevention first and combination of prevention and control 1 Do not use chemical fertilizers and pesticides 2 Do not use sewage to irrigate farmland 3 Do not use or use less non-degradable agricultural mulch film 4 Do not discard waste batteries at will.

We must do a good job in prevention and control, we must pay attention to the cleanliness and thoroughness of water resources, we must deal with all the garbage stains in the soil, and we should water and fertilize in time.

First of all, we must pay attention to the discharge of waste water and exhaust gas, do not cause water pollution, do not use polluted water for irrigation of farmland, and must pay attention to ways and means. When the soil is polluted, the soil must be replaced in time, and pesticides must be sprayed in time.

The prevention and control of soil pollution shall persist in putting prevention first, giving priority to protection, categorical management, risk management and control, responsibility for pollution, and public participation. The guidelines and basic guidelines for carrying out soil pollution prevention and control work have been clarified. Soil pollution prevention is to prevent soil from being polluted.

1. Scientific sewage irrigation: There are many types of industrial wastewater, the composition is complex, and the wastewater discharged from some factories may be harmless, but after mixing with the wastewater discharged from other factories, it becomes toxic wastewater. Therefore, before using wastewater to irrigate farmland, it should be purified in accordance with the standards specified in the "Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standards".

2. Rational use of pesticides: Rational use of pesticides can not only reduce soil pollution, but also economically and effectively eliminate diseases, insects and weeds, and give full play to the positive effects of pesticides.

3. Rational use of chemical fertilizers: according to the characteristics of the soil, climatic conditions and the characteristics of crop growth and development, formula fertilization, strict control of the use of toxic fertilizers and dosage.

4. Application of chemical amendments: The application of inhibitors in the soil slightly polluted by heavy metals can convert heavy metals into insoluble compounds and reduce the absorption of crops.

Preventive measures for soil contamination.

1) Harmless treatment of feces, garbage and domestic sewage;

2) Strengthen the treatment and comprehensive utilization of industrial wastewater, waste gas and waste residue;

3) Rational use of pesticides and fertilizers, actively develop high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides, and prohibit the use of pesticides with long residual time, such as Liuliu.

6. Organochlorine pesticides such as DDT;

4) Actively and prudently promote sewage irrigation, and strictly monitor and control the sewage from irrigated farmland.

5) Strengthen land management, strengthen publicity and education, let the general public understand the serious harm of soil pollution, and establish the concept of soil protection.

Measures to control soil pollution.

1) Take biological measures to improve contaminated soil. Actively promote the use of microbial degraders contaminated by pesticides to reduce pesticide residues. Heavily polluted soil can be replanted with certain non-edible plants such as flowers, trees, fiber crops, etc.

2) Chemical methods for remediation of contaminated soil. For soils with mild contamination of heavy metals, the use of chemical amendments can turn heavy metals into insoluble substances and reduce their uptake by plants. This method should be prevented from causing new soil contamination.

3) Increase the application of organic fertilizers. The application of organic fertilizer can increase the content of soil organic matter and nutrients, which can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, especially the properties of soil colloids, but also increase soil capacity and improve soil purification capacity.

4) Change the crop rotation system. Changing the farming system causes changes in soil conditions that can eliminate the toxicity of certain pollutants.

5) Soil change and turning. For lightly polluted soil, the method of deep turning of soil or replacement of non-polluted guest soil is adopted. For heavily polluted patchy soils, topsoil removal or soil exchange can be adopted.

The primary task of soil pollution prevention and control is to control and eliminate soil pollution sources and prevent new soil pollution; For the polluted soil, all effective measures should be taken to remove the pollutants in the soil, improve the soil, and prevent the migration and transformation of pollutants in the soil.

1.Prevention and control measuresIn order to prevent and control soil pollution, the following measures should be taken: 1. Harmless treatment of feces, garbage and domestic sewage; 2. Strengthen the treatment and comprehensive utilization of industrial wastewater, waste gas, and waste residue; 3. Rational use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and actively develop high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides; 4) Actively and prudently promote sewage irrigation, and strictly monitor and control the sewage from irrigated farmland. 5. Apply chemical amendments and take biological improvement measures.

Strengthen publicity, supervision, and management Departments at all levels should increase the intensity of supervision and management of soil pollution, and at the same time strengthen publicity work to raise the public's awareness of environmental protection and health, so as to promote the in-depth development of soil environmental protection work. Establish and improve relevant laws and regulations and policy measures for the prevention, control, and governance of soil pollution. Strengthen the investigation and monitoring of soil pollutionOn the basis of finding out the overall situation of soil pollution in our country through investigation, research and establish soil environmental quality assessment and monitoring standards suited to China's national conditions, and formulate strategies and countermeasures for the prevention and control of soil pollution in China.

In the past, although many theoretical studies have been carried out on the problem of soil pollution, due to various reasons such as financial investment and management policies, there is still a lack of low-cost, simple and practical technologies for the control and treatment of soil pollution. In the future, it is necessary to increase investment in scientific research and treatment, and focus on the development of practical technologies for soil pollution control. In this way, soil pollution can be effectively prevented

1. Don't litter, especially plastic bags and other garbage, which is very harmful to the soil.

2. Scientific irrigation.

3. Rational use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Control of Yu Shi and elimination of soil pollution sources:1) Control and eliminate the emission of industrial "three wastes".

2) Strengthen the monitoring and management of soil sewage irrigation areas.

3) Rational application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

4) Increase soil capacity and improve soil purification capacity.

Measures to prevent and control soil pollution:1) application of inhibitor nuclei;

2) control of soil redox-reduction status;

3) change the system of farming;

4) Deep turning of guest soil;

5) Establish the allowable residue level of pesticides.

What agricultural practices are likely to cause soil contamination and what types of contamination are possible? How to prevent and control it?

Fertilizers: The use of chemical fertilizers is an important measure to increase agricultural production, but irrational use can also cause soil pollution. Long-term use of nitrogen fertilizer in large quantities will damage soil structure, cause soil compaction, deterioration of biological properties, and affect the yield and quality of crops.

Excessive use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer can cause forage crops to contain too much nitrate, which can hinder the delivery of oxygen in livestock, making them sick and seriously leading to death. Pesticides: Pesticides can prevent and control diseases, insects and weeds, and can ensure the increase of crop yields when used properly, but they are also a very harmful soil pollutants, and improper application will cause soil pollution.

In addition to being partially absorbed by plants or escaping into the atmosphere, about half of the pesticides sprayed on the crop are scattered in the farmland, and this part of the pesticides and the pesticides directly applied to the field constitute the basic ** of pesticides in the farmland soil.

Legal Analysis: Soil pollution prevention and control is the activity of preventing soil pollution and improving and treating polluted soil. Soil protection should focus on prevention.

Prevention should focus on concentration and total emission control from various pollution sources; Regularly monitor and supervise agricultural water to meet the water quality standards for farmland irrigation; Rational application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, prudent use of sewage sludge, river mud and pond mud; The use of urban sewage for irrigation must be purified; Promote biological control and comprehensive control of diseases, insects and weeds, as well as remediation of mines to prevent mine poison pollution.

Legal basis: "Land Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China" Article 2: This Law applies to soil pollution prevention and related activities within the territory of the People's Republic of China and other sea areas under its jurisdiction. "Soil pollution" as used in this Law refers to phenomena in which certain substances enter the surface soil due to human factors, causing changes in the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the soil, affecting soil functions and effective use, endangering public health, or destroying the ecological environment.

Effective measures for the prevention and control of soil pollution are:

1. Bioremediation methods for contaminated soil;

2) Chemical methods for remediation of contaminated soil.

3) Increase the application of organic fertilizers.

4. Regulate soil redox conditions;

5. Change the farming system;

6. Changing soil and turning soil;

7. Implement targeted measures.

Farmland soil pollution remediation is mainly based on in-situ remediation technology, which can be divided into three types: bioremediation, physical remediation and chemical remediation.

What obligations shall be performed by key soil pollution supervision units.

1. Strictly control the discharge of toxic and harmful substances, and report the discharge to the competent department of ecology and environment on an annual basis;

2. Establish a system for the investigation of potential soil pollution hazards to ensure that toxic and harmful substances are continuously and effectively prevented from leakage, loss, and dispersion;

3. Formulate and implement a self-monitoring plan, and report the monitoring data to the competent department of ecology and environment.

Legal basis: Article 11 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution.

People** at the county level or above shall include efforts on the prevention and control of soil pollution in citizens' economic and social development plans and environmental protection plans. The competent departments for ecology and the environment of local people's ** at the districted-city level or above, in conjunction with the competent departments for development and reform, agriculture and rural affairs, natural resources, housing and urban-rural construction, forestry and grassland, and so forth, shall draft a soil pollution prevention and control plan on the basis of environmental protection planning requirements, land use, soil pollution status census and monitoring results, and publish it for implementation after reporting to the people's ** at that level for approval.

China's environmental protection work implements the policy of "prevention first, prevention and control combined". First of all, through investigation and monitoring, find out the soil pollution situation, pollution type, pollution degree and pollutant **, formulate soil pollution standards, and then take effective measures to control the amount of "three wastes" discharge, especially strictly control the unmonitored and treated sewage irrigation farmland. The legal basis is the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution