What are the good prevention and control methods for chili scab disease affecting the yield of chili

Due to the high temperature and rainy weather in July and August every year, this is the time when the scab of chili sores is high. At this time, if there are large yellow wheels on the pepper leaves, small wheel-like spots; or there are lumpy spots on the stem; Or the appearance of oblong spots on the pepper, in the case of pus in the rain, the initial stage of anthrax is the disease from the fruit, after the fruit is damaged, it is water-stained or round spots, and the fruit begins to sink and has a necrotic halo after enlargement....and other symptoms.

Scab disease, also known as bacterial spot disease, is a bacterial disease that occurs on leaves, stems and fruits of pepper seedlings and adult plants, with leaves being the most common. Onset at the seedling stage, first appear silvery-white small spots on the young leaf surface, then the lesions become dark and depressed until the leaves fall, and then expand into yellow-brown lesions of different shapes, the edge is dark brown and slightly raised, the middle is light-colored depression, the lesions on the fruit are black-brown, the slight bulge is the sores and strong, there are often yellow-green halos around the initial lesions, there are cracks on the edges, and there is fungal pus overflow on the lesions when wet.

seed carriers; If the pepper seeds are collected in the previous season, the plants are short, the stress resistance is poor, the seeds containing scab diseased plants, or are infected by sclerotia sclerotia during rinsing, drying and storage, it will cause scab damage in the next season. deformities and shedding of leaves; At the stage of adult plants, the leaves initially appear water-soaked round small spots, and gradually expand into round to irregular yellow-brown to brown lesions, the edges of the lesions are raised, ** concave, rough and scab-like, when the damage is serious, the leaves turn yellow and fall off early.

Capsicum scab is also known as bacterial spot disease. With the continuous expansion of planting range, it is more common in open field and protected land cultivation, and it can occur at the seedling stage or adult stage, and almost the entire part of the plant can be diseased, resulting in a large number of pepper flower drops, fruit drops, and leaf drop caused by Xanthomonas rape. Pathogenic bacteria overwinter on seeds and become the primary source of infection.

After contact with the host leaf, the bacterium invades from the stomata and multiplies in the intercellular space, causing the epidermal tissue to thicken and form a scab-like shape, and the bacterial pus overflowing from the scab spreads through raindrops or insects.

Choose excellent disease-resistant varieties. Seed sterilization. Blanch seeds with 55 warm water for 15 minutes, or soak pre-soaked seeds with 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, mix an appropriate amount of plant ash to neutralize the acidity, or use 1:

10 of the agricultural streptomycin solution soaked for 30 minutes. Cultivation management. Implement crop rotation, deep furrows and narrow furrows, reasonable dense planting, timely drainage, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, promote root growth, and improve disease resistance.

Pharmaceutical prevention and control. At the beginning of the disease, 72% agricultural streptomycin 2000 times was used, or 1:1:

200 Bordeaux liquid, or 77% killable wettable powder 600 times liquid, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid, or 70% pentachloronitrobenzene 600 times liquid and other sprays, alternately, every 7 10 days 1 time, 2 3 times.

You can spray some pesticides to prevent pests and diseases, and you should also weed frequently, pay attention to watering, prevent sun exposure, and use some nutritious fertilizers, so that you can have a good control.

Implement crop rotation, and non-solanaceae vegetables rotation for 2-3 years, seeds are soaked in cold water for 2-3 hours, soaked in 50 warm water for 30 minutes, and then put into cold water to cool, and then germinate and sow seeds, pay attention to the reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, and use fully decomposed organic fertilizer or plant ash, biological fertilizer.

Capsicum scab can occur at both seedling and adult stages. When the seedlings are damaged, the cotyledons will have silvery-white, water-stained small spots, which will gradually become sunken and dark lesions with the aggravation of the disease. In the early stage of damage to adult leaves, yellow-green, water-stained and small spots will appear on the leaves. 50% Garinone WP 500 times; 77% can kill 500 times of wettable powder. If there is pepper blight in the field at the same time, you can also use 700 times of 50% Rui poison copper wettable powder, once every 7 days for a total of 2 3 times.

If the pepper seeds are collected in the previous season, the plants are short, the stress resistance is poor, the seeds containing scab diseased plants, or are infected by sclerotia sclerotia during rinsing, drying and storage, it will cause scab damage in the next season. According to the dynamic change law of field diseases, timely pesticide prevention and control, and strict control of pesticide application time, dosage, frequency and safety interval can not only effectively control the disease at the lowest level, but also ensure the safety of pepper consumption.

In particular, the vitamin C content is high, which can be fried, made into sauce, pickled, and processed into chili noodles, chili oil, etc., which has a wide market demand, so this also virtually promotes the continuous expansion of the pepper planting industry and drives economic development. However, in the past two years, it has been found that multiple of them are often connected into large spots, causing the leaves to fall off. The stems and branches are infected, and the lesions are irregular stripes or patches, and the posterior wood is corked, or the longitudinal fissures are scab-like.

The fruit is infected, with yellowish round or oblong lesions, slightly raised, dark green, and corked in the later stage.

The seeds can be soaked in warm water of 55 for 10 minutes before sowing, and then cooled in cold water. The seeds can also be soaked in water for 10 hours, then soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, removed and rinsed with water, air-dried, and then sown. Where conditions permit, local disease-resistant varieties can be used.

It is scab-like, and in severe cases, the diseased leaves droop, yellowing and falling off; The stem is infected with brown streaks, and the posterior diseased part is corked, sometimes longitudinally cracked; The fruit is infected, and small round spots appear on the fruit surface, slightly raised, sometimes the lesions are patchy, the surface is corked, dark brown, and the sores are crust-like.

1. Seed disinfection, can be soaked in potassium permanganate or copper sulfate for 30 minutes.

2. Water small water frequently, prohibit flood irrigation with large water, and reduce the humidity in the shed.

3. Pharmaceutical prevention and control: 4000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, or 600 times of 47% Garinone wettable powder, or 4000 5000 times of neophytomycin, or 300 times of 14% copper ammonia aqueous solution, or 500 times of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, or 500 times of 40% copper rosinate wettable powder, for regular prevention. In severe cases, the company's bacteria can be cleaned at one time**, and it can be prevented again after seven days.

Pesticides. Because after my pepper is sprayed with pesticides, it will not be scabbed, so it should be treated with pesticides to prevent it.

Seed treatment. Before seedlings, soak the seeds in water at a constant temperature with a new high-fat film 55 for 10 minutes, and then remove and dry them after soaking. It can keep warm, moisturize, absorb swell, improve the germination rate of seeds, and make wheat seedlings strong. Repel underground pests and isolate viral infections. It can also be mixed with seed coatings.

Pepper scab, also known as bacterial spot disease, is one of the common diseases in pepper production, which occurs every year, which can cause large areas of leaves to fall off, resulting in serious yield reduction. It mainly harms leaves, stems, vines and fruits; There are many round or irregular black-green to yellowish-brown spots in the early stage after infection, sometimes with a ring pattern, slightly raised blisters on the back of the leaf, and slightly concave on the front; After the stem vine is infected, the spots are irregular strips or plaques; After the fruit is infected, round or rectangular dark green spots appear, about centimeters in diameter, with slightly raised edges and a rough surface, which causes the fruit to rot.

The causative agent of capsicum scab is known as the causative type of wild rape xanthrospermonas capsicum spot disease. It belongs to bacteria, the thallus is rod-shaped, the end is blunt, the flagella is extremely single, and it has the ability to swim. The bacteria are arranged in chains, have capsules, are gram-negative, and aerobic.

The pathogen mainly overwinters on the surface of seeds, but can also overwinter in fields with diseased residues. It is easy to occur in the peak stage, and the pathogen invades from the leaf stomata with an incubation period of 3 5 days. In humid conditions, the grayish-white pus produced on the lesions is spread in close proximity by rain splashes and insects. The suitable temperature of the disease is 27 30, and the incidence is serious under high temperature and high humidity conditions, mostly occurring in July and August, especially after heavy rain, which is easy to form a peak of incidence.

High humidity lasts for a long time, and foliar condensation is very important for the occurrence and prevalence of diseases.

Reasonable crop rotation, open-field peppers can be rotated with onions, garlic, rice or soybeans for 2-3 years; Well-drained sandy loam soil should be chosen. Before transplanting, the soil should be disinfected by watering and fertilizing the foot of the field and spraying the surface with disinfectant and a new high-fat film. Before sowing, the seeds can be scalded with warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes, and then soaked at 30°C for 10 hours.

Then, the seeds are coated with fludioxonil suspension seed coating, dried in air, and then germinated and sown. Strengthen seedling management, timely planting, use Bailufeng liquid fertilizer, promote early rooting and reasonable dense planting, spray a new high-fat film after transplanting, prevent ground water evaporation and seedling water transpiration, shorten the seedling period, and make pepper thrive.

To strengthen field management, we should dig deep into the soil in time, strengthen loosening and watering, and pay attention to the reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In the early stage of the disease, the following drugs or formulations can be selected for prevention and control: 2% polyantimycin 800 times, 60% DTM wettable powder 500 times, 14% copper complex 300 times, 27% copper chloride suspension 600 times, 78% manganese-zinc wettable powder 500 times, or 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder 1200 times, spray once every 7 days, spray 3 4 times continuously.

You can spray some pesticides, you should also water frequently, pay attention to the light problem of the sun, and you should also do a reasonable **, and you should also remove weeds frequently, etc., these are all ways to prevent and control pepper scabs.

1. Choose disease-resistant varieties: such as Xiangyan No. 3, No. 6, No. 11, No. 12, No. 19, Xinwan Jiao No. 1, Luojiao No. 4 and other varieties are more disease-resistant.

2. Seed treatment: soak the seeds in 55 hot water for 10 minutes, then soak the seeds in room temperature water for germination or soak the seeds with 5 million units of agricultural streptomycin 500 times for 30 minutes, wash and germinate and sow seeds.

3. Implement crop rotation: 2-3 years of crop rotation with non-Solanaceae vegetables in severely ill plots.

4. Pharmaceutical prevention and control: 500 times of 60% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 4000-5000 times of neophytomycin, 4000 times of 50000 units of agricultural streptomycin, and 500 times of 77% wettable powder can be sprayed with 77% wettable powder, 1 time every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row.

1. Implement crop rotation and rotate with non-solanaceae vegetables for 2-3 years.

2. Raise seedlings in disease-free new soil to prevent seeds from carrying pathogens.

3. Seed disinfection, the seeds are soaked in cold water for 2-3 hours, soaked in 50 warm water for 30 minutes, and then put into cold water to cool, and then germinate and sow seeds.

4. Plant high furrows to avoid water accumulation, so that there is no water accumulation in the rainy field.

5. Turn the soil deeply, strengthen loosening the soil, top dressing, promote root development, improve plant disease resistance, and pay attention to the reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and advocate the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizer or plant ash and biological fertilizer.

Strengthen field management: clean the field in time, remove dead branches and leaves, and burn the diseased residues after harvest; Cultivate robust pepper seedlings, implement reasonable dense planting, pay attention to loosening the soil after planting, and promote root growth; Improve the ventilation conditions in the field, drain the water in time after rain, reduce the humidity and control the field microclimate; Deep furrow and narrow furrow cultivation, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Bacillus scab of chili peppers, Bacillus scab is also known as bacterial spot disease. It can damage leaves, stems, fruits and fruit stalks. At the seedling stage, the disease first produces small silvery-white spots on the cotyledons, then water-soaked, and finally develops into dark sunken spots.

At the adult stage, the leaves are initially soaked in water-like yellow-green spots, and the edges are slightly raised after expansion, showing scabs, slightly concave, and the severely diseased leaves, the leaf margins and leaf tips become yellow and dry, cracked, and finally fall off. The lesions on the stems of the fruit stems are water-soaked irregular stripes, which are dark brown in the future, raised, longitudinally lobed, and scab-like. The lesions on the fruit are dark brown raised small spots, which are corked or bubble-like in the later stage, and gradually expand into black scabs, and when wet, there is fungal liquid overflowing in the middle of the scabs.

Streptomycin, chlorazole, octylamide, mesomycin, thiamium copper, thiasen copper, quinoline copper, chlorbrobromoisocyanuric acid, and polymyxoid bacillus can be alternately sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray 2 to 3 times in a row over 5 days.

The prevention and control of capsicum scab mainly includes three aspects: selecting disease-resistant varieties, planting disease-free seeds, and carrying out seed disinfection. The specific method of seed disinfection is to soak the seeds in water for 10 12 hours before sowing, and then soak them in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, and then sow them after removing them.

Or soak the seeds in 52 warm water for 30 minutes, then move them to cold water to cool, and then germinate and sow seeds. Strengthen field cultivation management. Implement a 2-3 year crop rotation.

Combined with deep cultivation, it promotes the decay and decomposition of diseased residues and accelerates the death of pathogens. After planting, pay attention to cultivating and loosening the soil to promote root development, and pay attention to drainage after rain. Chemical control.

Spray pesticides in a timely manner at the beginning of the disease and after rainfall. Commonly used agents are 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times, or new phytomycin 4000 5000 times, or 2% polyantimycin 800 times, or 14% copper sulfate 300 times, or 27% basic copper sulfate suspension 600 times, or 78% manganese-zinc wettable powder 500 times, or 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder 1200 times, or 60% succiny, ethyl aluminum, zinc wettable powder 500 times, focusing on spraying the base of the diseased plant and the surface. Spray 1 time every 7 days, 3 sprays in a row 4 times.