Please use the relevant knowledge of practice and understanding to explain the necessity of implemen

Marx said that the only criterion verified by practice is that the formulation of any theory is imperfect and needs to be practiced by hearings, so it is very necessary for him to find and correct mistakes only in practice, in order to minimize and avoid the occurrence of mistakes, but it is not excluded to follow the form.

Legislation is enacted on hearings, emphasizing that they are mandatory and that matters concerning the vital interests of the public must be heard.

First, for the general public or specific stakeholders, the implementation of the hearing system is the embodiment of citizens' participation in political power in the administrative field, so that their will can be fully expressed and embodied in the administrative field, which will further stimulate their awareness of democratic rights, weaken their feelings of alienation and fear of administrative power, and thus improve their participation ability and level of participation.

Second, from an economic point of view, it will help administrative entities improve the efficiency of exercising administrative power. Although some people have suggested that allowing the general public or specific stakeholders to participate in the hearing of administrative acts will affect the improvement of efficiency, according to the cost analysis and final results, the hearing can procedurally ensure the easy acceptance of administrative decisions, facilitate the completion of administrative affairs, and ultimately improve administrative efficiency.

Thirdly, from the perspective of political science, the hearing system is in line with the democratic orientation of public administration. According to the theory of people's authorization, the people's direct or indirect authorization is not only the only one for the legitimacy of modern and public administration, but also the premise for the operation of public administration, which fundamentally determines that the exercise of public power must comply with and embody the principles of democracy and constitutionalism. Involving the counterpart in administrative acts embodies this original purpose.

Fourth, the hearing system is conducive to establishing the concept of "open administration", which is the need to join the world's leading organizations and be in line with international standards. The WTO is a highly transparent international organization, its rules are mainly administrative law rules, one of its basic principles is the principle of transparency, the need to establish a fair and transparent market system, eliminate improper intervention in the market, and ensure free competition. Allowing the public to participate in the administrative process through hearings is conducive to building such openness and transparency, which is in line with the objective requirements of a market economy.

Fifth, from the perspective of society as a whole, the general public or specific stakeholders participate in administrative acts through the hearing procedure, so that they can directly dialogue and negotiate with the administrative subject to resolve conflicts of interest, so that administrative acts are made public, which is conducive to the realization of social justice and the promotion of social progress and harmony.

Hearings, also known as hearing opinions, refer to the opinions of the administrative organs when making decisions that affect the rights and obligations of the counterpart. Hearings have become a common and extremely important system of administrative procedure law in all legal countries around the world today. The development of the hearing system conforms to the democratic trend of legislation and law enforcement in modern society, and also reflects the continuous progress of the best management methods.

The significance of the hearing system is obvious, as it embodies the requirements of administrative democratization. First, for the general public or specific stakeholders, the implementation of the hearing system is the embodiment of citizens' participation in political power in the administrative field, so that their will can be fully expressed and embodied in the administrative field. Second, from an economic point of view, it will help administrative entities improve the efficiency of exercising administrative power.

Third, from a political point of view, the hearing system is in line with the democratic orientation of public administration. Fourth, the hearing system is conducive to establishing the concept of "open administration", which is the need to join the world's leading organizations and be in line with international standards. Fifth, from the perspective of the whole society, the general public or specific stakeholders participate in administrative acts through the hearing procedure, so that they can directly dialogue and negotiate with the administrative subject to resolve conflicts of interest, so that administrative acts are made public, which is conducive to the realization of social justice and the promotion of social progress and harmony.

Answer]: C The hearing can be divided into two types: oral and written. The hearing system includes three forms:

Public hearings, presentations, hearings. Subparagraph d describes a statement, not a public hearing. Public hearing refers to the convening of a public hearing to listen to the public opinions representing all parties and all levels of public participation when an administrative organ formulates a normative document or formulates an administrative plan, and the administrative counterparts involved are numerous and uncertain.

Democratic decision-making. The social hearing system is one of the four main ways for citizens to participate in democratic decision-making in China (the other three are the system of reflecting social conditions and public opinions, the system of expert consultation, and the system of public announcement of major issues), which mainly uses the holding of hearings to allow citizens to actively participate in the formulation and revision of the decision-making plan of the decision-making organs.

The social hearing system mainly records the implementation of the social hearing system for major examination and approval projects related to the national economy and people's livelihood and the interests of the public and the interests of the public, administrative licensing, community social affairs, major legislation, comprehensive management of social security, etc., and records the results and effects of hearing matters.

At the hearing, citizens fully express their opinions and make suggestions, which can help the decision-making organs discover what problems exist in the proposed decision-making plan and revise and improve it. Hearings are made for the sake of decision-making

Participating personnel institutions

The conduct of a hearing is usually notified in advance by the organ holding it, and the participation of ** and others is often invited to ensure the fairness of the hearing.

The persons or institutions participating in the hearing are: the presiding officer, the applicant, the witness, etc. Among them, the applicant and the presiding officer are generally not duplicated, and the applicant is the main department that holds the hearing; Witnesses are often made up of representatives of citizens, and sometimes there are also ** participation.

Examples of hearings

In 2002, the hearing on the implementation of the first guide price plan for some passenger trains was the first national hearing in China.

The presiding officer of the hearing, the former director of the State Planning and Development Commission, made a speech: The adjustment of railway train tickets is related to the vital interests of the masses, and in accordance with the relevant provisions of the law, we held a hearing to hear the price adjustment plan proposed by the Ministry of Railways.

The applicant for the hearing, the director of the transportation bureau of the Ministry of Railways, introduced the price adjustment plan on behalf of the Ministry of Railways: The price adjustment plan proposed by the Ministry of Railways involves the fluctuation of train fares during the Spring Festival, Summer and major festivals. The reason for the price adjustment is:

In order to reduce the pressure on the railway sector, it is necessary to use the first lever to regulate.

Consumer representatives (witnesses at the hearing) questioned the reasonableness, feasibility and fairness of the plan: passengers should enjoy better service after the increase in fares. However, due to the large number of passengers, the railway department often cannot guarantee to provide high-quality services to passengers due to the large number of passengers.

If the train fare must be **, it cannot be "one size fits all".

Representatives of experts and scholars expressed their opinions: the increase in ** during the Spring Festival can play a role in guiding consumption to a certain extent.

The opinion of the deputies of the National People's Congress: Most of the Spring Festival passengers are migrant workers. Most of them come from poor areas, and their income from working in the city is relatively low. If the railway department still wants to raise fares during the Spring Festival, this is unacceptable for migrant workers who go home to visit relatives.

After the hearing, the former State Planning and Development Commission revised and improved the price adjustment plan according to the opinions of the deputies, fully taking into account the interests of the low-income class, and the increase in the hard seat was reduced by 50% compared with the original plan. [2-3]

The right of supervision includes the right to criticize, the right to suggest, the right to report, the right to appeal and the right to accuse.

Hearing system: It is a basic system in administrative procedures, which refers to a system in which a person who is not the investigator of the case is the presiding officer under the conditions prescribed by law, and the defense of interested parties is heard in a quasi-judicial manner. ‍‍