What are the basics of chemistry? What are the knowledge of chemistry?

1. The three types of particles that make up matter are: molecules, atoms, and ions.

2. Three reducing agents commonly used in reducing copper oxide: hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon.

3. Hydrogen as a fuel has three advantages: abundant resources, high calorific value, and the product after combustion is water that does not pollute the environment.

4. There are generally three kinds of particles that make up atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

5. There are only three kinds of ferrous metals: iron, manganese, and chromium.

6. There are three types of fire extinguishers commonly used: foam fire extinguishers; dry chemical fire extinguishers; Liquid carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.

7. The flame of the alcohol lamp is divided into three parts: the outer flame, the inner flame, and the flame center, among which the outer flame has the highest temperature.

8. Hazards and protection of air pollution: Hazards: Seriously damage human health, affect crop growth, and destroy ecological balance.

Global warming, ozone layer depletion and acid rain, etc. Protection: Strengthen air quality monitoring, improve environmental conditions, use clean energy, factory exhaust gas can only be discharged after treatment, and actively plant trees, afforestation, grass planting, etc.

9. The purification effect of water from low to high is static, adsorption, filtration, and distillation (all physical methods), among which the operation with the best purification effect is distillation; The water purifier that has both filtration and adsorption is activated carbon.

10. **: Combustibles are rapidly burning in a limited space, and the gas volume expands rapidly. All mixtures of flammable gases, vapors of flammable liquids, and mixtures of combustible dust and air (or oxygen) can occur when exposed to fire**.

2. Chemistry high-frequency test center sorting.

1.The drugs used to produce hydrogen in the laboratory are zinc and dilute sulfuric acid.

2.The drugs used to produce carbon dioxide in the laboratory are limestone and dilute hydrochloric acid.

3.Among the natural substances, the hardest is diamond. It can be used to cut glass.

4.The drugs used to produce oxygen in the laboratory are a mixture of potassium chlorate (white) and manganese dioxide (black); Potassium permanganate; a mixture of hydrogen peroxide solution (hydrogen peroxide) and manganese dioxide; In the reaction, manganese dioxide is used as a catalyst.

5.Oxygen is a colorless and odorless gas, slightly heavier than air, not easily soluble in water, and both liquid and solid oxygen are light blue.

6.The two conditions for the combustion of combustibles are that the combustibles are in sufficient contact with oxygen; The temperature reaches or exceeds the ignition point of the combustible.

7.Valency formula: monovalent hydrochloride, potassium, sodium silver, divalent oxygen, calcium, barium, magnesium, zinc, trialuminum, tetrasilicon, pentavalent phosphorus; C24, Fe23, 246 sulfur are complete, and copper mercury bivalent is the most common.

8.Solid carbon dioxide is commonly known as dry ice. The common names of sodium hydroxide are caustic soda, caustic soda, caustic soda. The common name for sodium carbonate is soda ash. The common name of calcium hydroxide is hydrated lime and slaked lime.

9.Gas collection cylinders for gas collection applications; A measuring cylinder is required to measure a certain volume of liquid; A beaker should be used when dissolving more solids; Powdered solid drugs are generally used with a medicine spoon; Tweezers should be used to remove lumpy medicines. Alcohol lamps are commonly used for heating.

10.The methods of oxygen collection are the upward exhaust air method and the drainage method. The methods of hydrogen collection are the downward exhaust air method and the drainage method. The method of carbon dioxide collection is the upward air exhaust method.

Chemical substance changes, but also chemical elements.

As follows:

1. When pots and pans generate scale, you can remove scale by soaking it in vinegar.

2. When the fish bones are stuck in the throat, drink vinegar to soften the bones.

3. The principle of foam fire extinguisher is the application of chemical knowledge.

4. The ** of firecrackers also occurs after mixing some chemicals in a certain proportion and igniting them.

Chemistry. Different from particle physics and nuclear physics, which study smaller scales, the material structure of atoms, molecules, and ions (clusters) studied in chemistry interact with chemical bonds and intermolecular forces, and the scale in which they are located is the closest to the macrocosm in the microscopic world, so their natural laws are also most closely related to the physical and chemical properties of substances and materials in the macrocosm of human existence.

As an important bridge between the microscopic and macroscopic material worlds, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for human beings to understand and transform the material world.

1.Atomic structure: the electron model of the atom, the nucleus, the electron cloud, the electron layer.

2.Periodic table: atomic number, atomic weight, chemical properties of elements.

3.Chemical bonds: covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, metallic bonds, polar bonds.

4.Ions: metal ions, non-metal ions, ion radius, ion exchange reactions.

5.Solubility: solubility, solutes, solvents, dilution, precipitation reactions.

6.Composition of matter: molecule, atom, molecular formula, molecular weight.

7.Chemical reactions: chemical equations, reaction types, reaction processes, reaction mechanisms.

8.Chemical equilibrium: chemical equilibrium constant, kinetic equilibrium, thermodynamic equilibrium.

9.Thermodynamics: laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic functions, thermodynamic activation energy, thermodynamic entropy.

10.Electrochemistry: electrode reactions, potential, current, conductivity, electrolyte.