What are the ways of carbon trading? How to trade carbon trading?

Carbon emission allowances (CEAs) should be traded through a trading systemIt may be transferred by agreement, one-way bidding, or other methods that comply with regulationsThe transfer by agreement includes listing agreement transactions and block agreement transactions.

It is understood that since October 2011, carbon emission trading has been carried out in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hubei, Guangdong, Shenzhen and other places.

Accumulate experience in local pilot work. On July 15, 2021, the national carbon trading market was officially launched. National carbon market.

The construction adopts the "Twin Cities."

model, i.e.: Shanghai is responsible for the construction of the trading system, Wuhan, Hubei.

Responsible for the construction of the registration and settlement system.

How carbon emissions are measured

The carbon emission measurement methods of each industry are slightly different, but the main idea is roughly divided into two types, and the following is an example of power companies:

2. Segment calculation: First, the consumption of fossil fuels is calculated.

The emissions generated, how much fossil fuel, how much coal, how much fuel oil, etc., according to some experience or actual measurements, can obtain the carbon content of the elements, and finally multiply the two to get the direct emissions.

The above content refers to Phoenix.com-The market opens today! Ten questions about carbon trading.

Carbon trading is a market mechanism used to promote global greenhouse gas emission reduction and reduce global carbon dioxide emissions.

Carbon trading mainly adopts agreement transfer, one-way bidding or other compliant transactions, of which agreement transfer includes listing agreement transactions and bulk agreement transactions.

Among them, the trading hours in the form of listing agreement are 9:30 a.m. and 11:30 a.m. on Fridays every week; 13:00 p.m

00－15：00；The trading session for block agreement trading is 13:00 to 15:00 p.m. every Monday to Friday

00；The trading hours of the one-way auction method will be announced separately by the trading institution.

Quota transaction process

1. The seller of the quota allocation shall log in to the Shanghai carbon emission trading system and transfer the allowance from the management account of the Shanghai carbon emission registration system to the trading account.

2. Deposit: The buyer enters the trading system or other channels (online banking) provided by the settlement bank and transfers his bank fund account to the special fund account for settlement on the Shanghai Environmental Exchange.

3. Trading: Buyers and sellers trade through the Shanghai Carbon Emission Trading System, and the buyer and seller are eligible for the allowance.

4. Allocation after day-end liquidation.

5. Withdrawal (T+1 day): The funds from the seller's quota are transferred from the special fund account for settlement on the Shanghai Environmental Exchange to the company's capital account.

6. Quota transfer (T+1 day): The buyer enterprise logs in to the Shanghai carbon emission trading system and transfers the quota from the trading account to the management account.

CCER transaction process

1. The seller logs in to the national voluntary emission reduction trading registration system and transfers the CCER that needs to be traded from his trading account to the delivery account of the Shanghai Environmental Exchange.

2. The trading participants log in to the Shanghai Carbon Emission Trading System for CCER trading.

3. If the buyer is a Shanghai carbon trading pilot enterprise and needs to offset the performance of the contract, it can also send an instruction to transfer out of the CCER on the Shanghai carbon emission trading system, and transfer the CCER from the delivery account of the Shanghai Environmental Exchange to the trading account in the national voluntary emission reduction trading registration system until the performance offset is completed. The CCER of the same day** will be transferred to the National Voluntary Emission Reduction Trading Registration System on the second trading day.

From the perspective of trading rules: the time of carbon trading is the same as **, which is from 9:30 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. every Monday to Friday

30. From 13:00 to 15:00 in the afternoon.

And the specific operation is similar to buying and selling**. On the day of the transaction**, you can sell again within the same day, but the funds sold can be used for the day's trading.

From the perspective of trading products: the carbon trading market currently has two types of basic products, the main of which is the carbon emission quota allocated to the enterprise, the transaction is based on "per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent**" as the pricing unit, and the minimum change in the amount of trading declaration is measured as 1 ton of carbon dioxide equivalent. The second is the certification of voluntary emission reductions, and the carbon market is based on 1:

The ratio of 1 gives CCER an alternative carbon emission allowance, that is, 1 CCER is equivalent to 1 allowance, which can offset the emission of 1 tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent.

From the perspective of transaction subjects: transaction subjects can be divided into enterprises, investment institutions, as well as social organizations, groups and individuals. Some local carbon trading markets allow individuals to enter, but at present, individuals cannot participate in the national carbon trading market, mainly between enterprises.

Carbon trading is simply to treat the right to carbon emissions as a commodity to buy and sell in the market, in order to control greenhouse gas emissions, each enterprise has an emission limit, once exceeded, must go to the market to spend money to buy the credit.

Carbon trading refers to the general term of greenhouse gas emission trading, under the premise of total emission control, greenhouse gas emission rights, including carbon dioxide, become a scarce resource, and carbon dioxide emission rights are traded as a commodity, referred to as carbon trading.

The general process starts from discovering the problem and raising the problem, and after discovering the problem, make assumptions about the answer to the problem according to their existing knowledge and life experience Design the first plan, including the selection of materials, design methods and steps, etc. After reaching a conclusion, it is also necessary to reflect on the whole process of the general methodological steps of the experiment: asking questions, making hypotheses, making plans, implementing plans, drawing conclusions, expressing and communicating

Observation is a basic method of science Scientific observation can be made directly with the naked eye, with the help of magnifying glasses, microscopes and other instruments, or with the use of cameras, video recorders, video cameras and other tools, and sometimes it is necessary to measure Scientific observation should have a clear purpose; Observations should be comprehensive, meticulous, and realistic, and recorded in a timely manner; Be planned and patient; Think positively and record in a timely manner; To exchange views and discuss The design of the experimental protocol should be carried out closely around the questions and hypotheses raised When studying the influence of one condition on the research object, the experiment carried out under the same conditions except for the different conditions is called a controlled experiment General steps: find and ask questions; gather information related to the issue; make assumptions; design of experimental protocols; Conduct experiments and record them; analysis of experimental phenomena; Conclusion Investigation is one of the common methods of science When investigating, we must first clarify the purpose of the investigation and the object of the investigation, and formulate a reasonable investigation plan During the investigation process, sometimes because the scope of the investigation is very large, it is necessary to select a part of the survey objects as samples During the investigation process, it is necessary to record truthfully The results of the investigation should be sorted out and analyzed, and sometimes the statistical methods should be used to collect and analyze data is also one of the common methods of science There are many ways to collect information Go to the library to consult books and newspapers, and visit relevant people, The form of information includes text, data, and audio-visual data, etc., and the information obtained should be sorted out and analyzed, and answers and clues should be found from it

If you've ever planted trees in Ant Forest, you're involved in carbon trading.

In the eyes of many people, Ant Forest is just a game of accumulating energy online and planting trees offline. In fact, there is a carbon trading market with 1 billion yuan hidden behind it.

In 1997, the United Nations set a carbon emission limit for each country. However, if a company's carbon emissions are exceeded, it can be purchased from other companies, so many companies see this business opportunity.

Tesla counts, in the past five years, the carbon emission allowance has brought Tesla $3.3 billion in revenue, and in 2020 alone, the revenue of this business was close to half of the total.

Alipay also saw this business opportunity and set up personal carbon accounts for users in Alipay. Give full play to the role of the power of numbers, and at the same time make a lot of money.

So far, 100 million people have planted 200 million trees in desert areas, reducing carbon emissions by 12 million tons. Based on Beijing's carbon trading market of 90 yuan per tonne, the value created is 100 million.

It cannot be understood that although Ant Forest has commercial interests, it is the users who have contributed to protect the environment, and there is currently no trading market and channel for personal carbon savings to be exported, and if it is not given to Ant Forest, it can only be wasted. Alipay is collecting personal carbon savings and concentrating on doing great things.

However, in the future, we may be able to say confidently: I have a cooperative relationship with Ant Financial, and I have planted several trees in Ant Forest!

Personal carbon trading.

You need to fill in the information and submit an application, and you can open a trading account after the application is approved, and you can trade after the information is completed.

Enterprise carbon trading needs to report the carbon asset data owned by the enterprise, and the carbon quota will be allocated by the first after the inspection by the third-party trading institution, and the enterprise will put the carbon credit it has into the trading market for trading.

Carbon market trading.

It includes three processes: pre-development, carbon asset development, and carbon asset project management. And each process stage consists of many steps. For example, in the early development stage, it is necessary to conduct project analysis, that is, to determine which projects of the enterprise meet the concept of CDM; It is necessary to further collect information to estimate emission reductions and determine the measurement method; It is necessary to conduct a review of the sustainable development ability of the enterprise and the future trend of the market, and determine the development cost and development risk.

In the carbon asset development stage, it is necessary to carry out the project document design, the approval of the seller and the buyer**, the signing of the carbon purchase agreement, the third-party certification, the United Nations registration and other procedures. Each CDM project has a separate document report, with the Chinese part being submitted to China**.

For approval, the English part shall be submitted to the third-party certification and United Nations registration, and the registration needs to be publicized online for 50 days, such as the undoubted publicity period.

The end means that the auto-enrollment is successful.

It is an additional product obtained by an enterprise, not a loan is an asset that can be used, and at the same time, a carbon asset with a reserve is on the market, showing a trend every year; The payment method is foreign exchange cash delivery, cash on delivery foreign exchange cash settlement; In addition to this, it has other unique implications, such as a very high credit rating for the buyer, which is beneficial to both shareholders and financing lenders. Moreover, this will greatly enhance the public image of the project enterprise and obtain intangible social added value.

The essence of emission reduction is the energy problem, developed countries.

The energy efficiency is high, the energy structure is optimized, and new energy technologies are widely adopted, so the cost of further emission reduction in the country is extremely high and difficult. And developing countries.

Energy efficiency is low, there is a lot of room for emission reduction, and the cost is also low.

Carbon trading is a general term for greenhouse gas emissions trading, and carbon dioxide is the largest of the six greenhouse gases required to be reduced in the Kyoto Agreement, so greenhouse gas emissions trading is calculated in each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent. Under the premise of total emission control, greenhouse gas emission rights, including carbon dioxide, have become a scarce resource, and thus have commodity attributes.

The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on 9 May 1992 through difficult negotiations. The first additional agreement to the Convention, the Kyoto Protocol (hereinafter referred to as the "Protocol"), was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997.

The Protocol takes the market mechanism as a new way to solve the problem of greenhouse gas emission reduction represented by carbon dioxide, that is, the carbon dioxide emission right as a commodity, thus forming the trading of carbon dioxide emission rights, referred to as carbon trading.

Emissions trading for energy conversion

Petrochemical enterprises are high-energy-consuming, high-polluting and high-emission enterprises. Obviously, if we do not take technological transformation measures for energy conservation and emission reduction, it will be difficult to meet the future environmental protection requirements. The company will improve the production process, equipment and technology.

However, the key is the development of new energy sources to replace existing fossil fuels. For example, wind energy, nuclear energy, photovoltaic energy, etc.

In the long run, the proportion of petrochemical enterprises will gradually decrease with the development and application of new energy. But this is also a very long process.

Enterprises and residents should choose energy-saving and environmentally friendly products.

Judging from the trading rules, the trading hours are the same as **, from Monday to Friday from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. and 13:00 p.m

00 to 15:00. The minimum change in the declared amount of sales "** per ton of CO2" is measured at 1 tonneCarbon dioxide equivalent, the minimum change of the application is measured in RMB.

Specifically, the transaction is divided into transactions, which is basically the same as **. The declaration of carbon allowance trading will take effect immediately after acceptance by the trading system and will be valid during the trading hours of the day. The corresponding funds and trading products are locked, and the declaration of untraded transactions can be revoked.

After the transaction is made in the Jiaosou system, the transaction is established. The purchased trading products are not allowed on the same day, and the funds can be used for the day trading.

It is understood that the carbon emissions of enterprises covered by the first batch of carbon markets.

More than 4 billion tons. This means that once China carbon emissions are traded.

The market is launched, and it will become the world's cover for greenhouse gas emissions.

The largest carbon market. According to the trading rules, the trading hours are the same as **, from Monday to Friday from 9:30 a.m. to 11 a.m

30. From 13:00 to 15:00 in the afternoon.

The minimum change in the declared amount of carbon dioxide per ton of carbon dioxide is measured as 1 ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, and the minimum change in the price of the application is measured as RMB 1.

Specifically, transactions are divided into transactions, which are basically the same as **. The declaration of carbon allowance trading will take effect immediately after acceptance by the trading system and will be valid during the trading hours of the day. The corresponding funds and trading products are locked, and the declaration of untraded transactions can be revoked.

After trading on the trading system, the trade is opened. The purchased trading products are not allowed on the same day, and the funds can be used for the day trading. It is understood that the first batch of carbon markets covers more than 4 billion tons of corporate carbon emissions.

This means that once China's ETS starts, it will become the world's largest carbon market.

It is understood that the power generation industry has become the first to be includedNational carbon market. was the first to include 225 key emitting units. China's carbon market will be the world's largest market for greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon trading market.

It is the purpose of controlling the total amount of carbon emissions through carbon emission trading. Generally speaking, carbon dioxide emissions as a commodity**, enterprises that need to reduce emissions will be given a certain carbon emission allowance, successful emission reduction can be sold outside the allowance, excess emissions should be purchased in the carbon market. There are two basic products in the carbon trading market, one is the carbon emission allowance allocated to enterprises, and the other is the verification of voluntary emission reductions (CCER).