Urgent! Geology Postgraduate Selection! Kneel and beg for help

I am China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) to study geology, many geology directions in our school do not test mathematics, our school is actually quite easy to test, as long as the score is enough, find a tutor, you can generally be admitted, I am afraid that you can not find a tutor, because our school tutor wants to take the students of this school, and the teachers of geology in our school are very good, graduation has introduced a good job, I suggest that you review at the same time, by the way to find a tutor, the tutor will be of great help to your postgraduate examination, At least he'll tell you a lot of information, I've studied mineral deposits, but I'm majoring in mineralogy, so we're not much closer, hehe.

11. The distribution of chemical elements in the earth's crust is extremely uneven, and the element with the most content is oxygen (or O).

12. The formation of coal requires four basic conditions: plant conditions, climatic conditions, geographical conditions and crustal movement conditions.

13. There are many types of rocks in nature, which can be divided into three categories according to their genesis, namely magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.

14. According to the burial conditions, groundwater can be divided into upper stagnant water, diving water and confined water.

15. According to the relative displacement direction of the two disks of the fault, the fault can be divided into trending fault, inclined fault and oblique fault.

16. The relationship between the indirect first high slag contact of the formation can be divided into integrated contact, pseudo-integrated contact and angular unconformity contact.

17. According to the different paleogeographical environment at the time of the formation of coal measures, coal-bearing strata can be divided into two types: offshore coal-bearing rock series and inland coal-bearing rock series.

18. If there is cross-bedding in a rock, then this rock must be a sedimentary rock.

19. Plutonic magmatic Ninmayan rock must have a crystalline structure and a massive structure.

20. Compare the true inclination angle with the apparent inclination angle, and the true inclination angle is always greater than the apparent inclination angle.

21. According to the different circulation ranges of water in nature, the water cycle can be divided into two types: large circulation (or external circulation) and small circulation (or internal circulation).

22. In the representative of the geologists, the symbol k2 represents two meanings. Temporally it represents the Late Devonian and stratigraphically it represents the Upper Devonian .

23. The basis for visual identification of minerals is mainly based on mineral morphology, physical properties and chemical composition.

24. General underground mining, the thickness of the coal seam less than m is called a thin coal seam.

Compositional maturity refers to the degree to which the clastic components in the sandstone are close to the most stable final product under weathering, transport, and sedimentation. In general, immature sandstones are deposited close to the source zone and contain many unstable detritals such as rock chips, feldspar and iron and magnesium minerals. The high-maturity sandstone is the product of long-distance transportation and modification, and is almost entirely composed of quartz.

Therefore, the types and relative abundance of cuttings and detrital minerals present in sandstone, that is, the maturity of the composition, are a reflection of the geological conditions, weathering degree and transport distance of the source area.

Syndepositional folds, also known as syndepositional folds, are folds formed during sedimentation. Because the top of the anticline rises relative to the sedimentary fold during deposition, the thickness of the rock layer and lithofacies change: the thickness of the top of the anticline becomes smaller, the grain is coarse, and there is even a sedimentary discontinuity.

The bending of the layers that make up the folds gradually increases from top to bottom, creating a thin top fold.

Walsah's phase rate: Walsher (1984) once pointed out that "only those adjacent phases and facies regions that are not interrupted and can now be seen can overlap each other".

In other words, only phases that are closely related and closely adjacent to each other in the transverse direction can overlap in the vertical direction without interruption.

Structure of river sediments in a vertical profile. The river section expands during the flood period, causing the flood flow velocity of the floodplain to decrease, and the fine-grained sediment carried by the flood is covered on the riverbed sediment, forming the riverbed sediment composed of coarse sand and gravel in the lower part, and the floodplain sediment composed of fine sand or clay in the upper part, constituting the sedimentary structure of coarse and fine at the bottom, called "binary structure".

What is the difference between the characteristics of Zhang and Shear.

Shear joints: Shear joints occur when the maximum shear stress in a rock reaches and exceeds the shear strength of the rock. The direction is the same as the direction of the maximum shear stress.

Characteristics of sheared joints: often closed; The joint surface is straight and smooth; There are often small scratches or small polished surfaces on the joint surface; The joint plane is often cut through coarse sand and gravel, and extends far along the strike and inclination, and the occurrence is relatively stable.

Tension joint: formed by the action of tensile stress, the joint is roughly perpendicular to the direction of maximum tensile stress.

Characteristics of Zhang joints: often open; uneven joint surface; There are no scratches and polished surfaces, etc. Passes through coarse-clastic rocks often bypassing coarse sand and gravel, and extends not far along strike and inclination; Recourse will recur intermittently in the direction of its sharp extinction; It is often filled with veins.

The other questions were not answered.

It's in the book. Just flip the lower part. Stupid.

Bowen reaction series A composition of magma can crystallize minerals of different compositions according to the melting point of the minerals, and form different types of rocks in turn. This effect is called crystallization differentiation. When magma cools slowly, minerals with high melting points and high specific gravity crystallize first.

Some of these crystals sink to the bottom of the magma due to their specific gravity, or for other reasons separate from the magma and aggregate into rocks with a higher melting point. If the other part fails to sink to the bottom or separate from the magma, it reacts with the remaining magma, and the composition of the magma changes partially. When the magma continues to cool to an appropriate temperature, the minerals of the minerals with the corresponding melting point crystallize and separate, forming rocks with a lower melting point, and similar actions occur many times, thus completing the crystallization differentiation process.

The process of diverging magma through crystallization was first proposed by the American petrologist Bowen in 1928. Bowen's experiments confirmed that when the mineral condenses and crystallizes out of the magma, it does not stop changing. These early crystallized minerals can react with the remnants of magma to change their composition and form new minerals, and this process occurs continuously.

Therefore, Bowen believed that different minerals crystallized from magma in a fixed sequence, which Bowen called the reaction series, which later became known as the Bowen reaction series.

1. (Subduction plate boundary) is one of the basic types of plate convergence boundary. The large amount of lava generated there is mainly formed by plate subduction and melting in the asthenosphere, and the gully-arc-basin system is the most representative in this area.

2 In the process of marine stratigraphic division and comparison, the assemblage characteristics of (marine fossils) can play an important role. Their shells can be used for paleoclimatic analysis, thus indicating glacial sea level changes in history.

3. (Quaternary) when the Arctic ice sheet was formed, and there was a contemporary climate pattern with ice at the poles This answer is that I summarized it from, general geology, quaternary geology, and introduction to earth science.

Just look at Introduction to Earth Sciences.