What is a root server, and does China now have such a technology to develop a root server?

To put it simply, the root server is the top-level server in the DNS system, which serves the final DNS resolution.

To know what a root server is, we must first briefly understand the Internet operation basics, IP addresses, domain names, and DNS (domain name system).

1. Basic concepts.

Internet operation is based on IP address and MAC address, in the world of machines, the lowest level can be easily identified is IP address and MAC address, each host is assigned a unique IP address and MAC address, data exchange can be carried out normally.

Because most people don't remember the IP address of a system, a database is formed between the domain name (hostname) and the IP address, so that people can access the host they want to access as long as they remember the domain name.

2. Domain name resolution.

The process from domain name access to finding out the corresponding IP address is DNS, that is, domain name resolution, and the server that completes domain name resolution is the domain name resolution server.

3. Zone resolution and root server.

In order to ensure the correctness and effectiveness of domain name resolution, the Internet Association divides the world into three regions: the American Network Information Center (responsible for the United States and other regions), the European Network Information Center (responsible for Europe), and the Japan Network Information Center (responsible for Asia), with a total of 13 service nodes in these three regions to process the global domain name resolution service, and these 13 nodes are the top root servers of domain name resolution.

However, in the actual operation process, a large number of domain name resolution does not need to be completed at the most rated root server, for example, the China Network Information Center has the corresponding information of all domestic domain names, and at this time, the China Network Information Center can complete the domestic server domain name resolution service, which is the root server of the domestic node. So the root server comes with a zone attribute.

4. Domain name resolution in China.

As a powerful China, of course, there is a development root server with this technology, and China not only has regional root servers, but also has its own domain name and domain name resolution system.

There is a good example of the comparison between the so-called root server and domain name resolution: for example, if you want to find the correspondence between a person's ID card and name, first you go to the police station to check the local population, and if you can't find it, you go to the sub-bureau, then go to the city bureau, the provincial department, and then the Ministry of Public Security.

At this time, the household registration information of the Ministry of Public Security is the root of population information, which is roughly the same.

China can only talk about cyber security if it gives up the Internet.

China should abandon the Internet of the United States and build China's own Internet (China's own international Internet), linking the Internet through interfaces.

Americans invented the Internet! The primary root server of the Internet is in the United States, not to mention that English is the international language

It's not that China doesn't have a root server, it's that it doesn't have its own administration. In order to increase the response speed, the application for web page access is completed by a packet, and the length of a packet is 256b bytes, which determines that a packet can only have 13 blocks, which fundamentally limits the number of root nameservers, that is, the root nameservers can only have 13. If China wants to have its own root name servers, there are only two options, one is to port from the countries that now have root name servers, and the other is to change the status quo of web access requests being completed by a single data packet.

Transplantation is impossible, because the United States will not give, and other countries are not rich. It is even more impossible to change the technical pattern of a packet, because the scope and technical changes involved are too large to be realistic. So, right now, China won't have its own root nameservers, unless one day there is a complete revolution in the underlying technology that supports the Internet.

There are 4 root servers in our country. The China Internet Information Center has set up a total of four domain name root servers, including F, L, K, and L root mirror servers. In addition, there are Hong Kong domain name servers approved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, so there are also domain root servers of JX0007L.

The existence of the root server is mainly used for DNS resolution, DNS can be used as a zip code, the root name server is the postman will deliver mail faster through this zip code, resolve the domain name. In general, the root nameserver resolves DNS very accurately.

The reason for setting up the root server.

It is believed that all countries in the world are highly dependent on the Internet in the United States, and all IPv4 root servers are managed by ICANN, the Internet domain name and number allocation agency authorized by the United States, and has been responsible for the management of global Internet domain name IPv4 root servers, domain name system and IP addresses. Therefore, the United States can fully control the Internet by facilitating the control of the root server, which poses a potential major threat to the network security of other countries, so China has established its own root server.

The communication hubs that keep the Internet running are 13 root servers, 10 of which are located in the United States, one in the United Kingdom, one in Japan, and one in Sweden.

The so-called root server, although called a server, is not the hardware devices such as motherboards and memory that we understand in our daily life, but the 13 root domain names stored in it, which form the bottom foundation of the Internet, and then derive many domain names.

Because the Internet was first born in the United States, root servers are mainly distributed in the United States, and one of the 13 root servers is a "primary root name server" placed in the United States; The remaining 12 are "secondary root nameservers", which are located in the United States (9) and the United Kingdom, Japan, and Sweden (1 each).

The role of the root server:

The main role of the root server is domain name resolution, and we only need to enter a short string of English ** to log in to our daily browsing**. But in the Internet world, the IP address of each ** is not recorded with this string of letters, but a long series of randomly distributed numbers. Such numbers are very difficult to remember and use, which is why short Chinese and English are produced**.

After we type it in the browser, we parse this ** into an IP address through the DNS server, so that we can access it**. The process of DNS server resolution is also accessed step by step, it first looks for the IP address from the browser's own cache, if not, it will access the built-in cache data of the computer, if it can't be queried, it will look for the server layer by layer to parse**, until it accesses the root server.

Root servers are part of the Internet's Domain Name System (DNS), which are the topmost level in the DNS hierarchy and store DNS information for the Internet's top-level domains (TLDs). The primary role of the root server is to respond to DNS queries to provide information about the TLD server and help the DNS system find the IP address of a particular domain name.

Here are some important things to know about the root server:

1.Global Distribution: There is not just one root server, there are actually several, and they are distributed all over the world to improve the stability and reliability of the DNS system.

These root servers are labeled with the letters A through M, with each letter representing a different instance of the root server.

2.Root server data: The root server does not store DNS records for all domain names across the Internet.

Instead, they only store top-level domains (e.g. com、.org、.

.NET, etc.), and a pointer to the corresponding TLD server.

3.Recursive queries: When a user enters a domain name into a browser facilitator, their computer first makes a query request to the local DNS server.

If the local DNS server doesn't know the IP address of the domain name, it issues a recursive query to request information from the root server, then the TLD server, and then the final name server.

4.DNS caching: In order to improve the query speed, the DNS system uses a cache between the local DNS server and the parent DNS server to store the domain name information that has been queried. This offloads the root server and other DNS servers.

5.Stability and security: The stability of root servers is critical because they are the foundation of the DNS architecture.

They need to be highly reliable to ensure that DNS queries on the internet can go smoothly. In addition, DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) technology is also being applied to root servers to ensure the integrity and authenticity of DNS responses.

In conclusion, the root server plays a vital role in the DNS architecture of the Internet, helping the user's computer find the IP address of the ** and resource they need. While the number of root servers is relatively small, their distribution and availability are critical to the proper functioning of the Internet.