What is a root server? Does China have its own global root servers?

The root server is mainly used to manage the home directory of the Internet, and all root servers are managed by ICANN, the Internet domain name and number allocation authority authorized by the United States, and is responsible for the management of the global Internet domain name root server, domain name system and IP address. These 13 root servers can command web browsers and email programs like Firefox or Internet Explorer to control Internet communications. Since the root server has about 260 Internet suffixes approved by the United States (such as com, net, etc.) and designators in some countries (such as FR in France, no in Norway, etc.), since its establishment, the United States has spent nearly $5 billion a year on the maintenance and operation of the root server, taking on the world's heaviest network tasks and the biggest network risks.

So let's be honest: without the United States, the Internet would be dead. The world's dependence on the Internet in the United States is very large, and of course this is mainly determined by the advanced technology and scientific nature of its management.

The so-called dependency, reflected in the working mechanism of the Internet, lies in the problem of "root server". Theoretically, in order for any form of standard domain name to be resolved, according to the technical process, it must go through the work of the global "hierarchical" domain name resolution system before it can be completed. The first layer of the "hierarchical" domain name resolution system is the root server, which is responsible for managing the domain name information of countries around the world, and below the root server is the top-level domain name server, that is, the database of the relevant national domain name management agency, such as China's CNNIC, and then the domain name database and the cache server of the ISP at the next level.

A domain name must first be resolved by the root database before it can be forwarded to the top-level domain name server.

China doesn't have its own root server yet!

There are only 13 units in the world. 1 is the root server architecture.

Primary root server, placed in the United States. The remaining 12 are secondary root servers, of which 9 are located in the United States, 2 in Europe in the United Kingdom and Sweden, and 1 in Asia in Japan.

Currently, there are no changes to the global root servers, which remain 13 domain root servers, 1 primary root server in the United States, and 9 of the remaining 12 secondary root servers in the United States, 2 in Europe (in the United Kingdom and Sweden), and 1 in Japan in Asia. It is said that there is a more advanced, hidden parent server on the primary root server system, which of course is also in the United States, and all the top-level domains in the world are determined by this parent server.

China does not. The United States controls the root server of the domain name resolution, and therefore all the corresponding domain names and IP addresses, which is obviously a mortal danger for other countries. If the United States blocks a country's domain names one day, their IP addresses will not be resolved, and the ** to which these domain names point will disappear from the Internet.

From this association, if ". .CN" is removed from the domain name system, or even the IP address allocated to China for use in China, and China will become a spectator of the international backbone.

There are 4 root servers in our country. The China Internet Information Center has set up a total of four domain name root servers, including F, L, K, and L root mirror servers. In addition, there are Hong Kong domain name servers approved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, so there are also domain root servers of JX0007L.

The existence of the root server is mainly used for DNS resolution, DNS can be used as a zip code, the root name server is the postman will deliver mail faster through this zip code, resolve the domain name. In general, the root nameserver resolves DNS very accurately.

The reason for setting up the root server.

It is believed that all countries in the world are highly dependent on the Internet in the United States, and all IPv4 root servers are managed by ICANN, the Internet domain name and number allocation agency authorized by the United States, and has been responsible for the management of global Internet domain name IPv4 root servers, domain name system and IP addresses. Therefore, the United States can fully control the Internet by facilitating the control of the root server, which poses a potential major threat to the network security of other countries, so China has established its own root server.

The communication hubs that keep the Internet running are 13 root servers, 10 of which are located in the United States, one in the United Kingdom, one in Japan, and one in Sweden.

The so-called root server, although called a server, is not the hardware devices such as motherboards and memory that we understand in our daily life, but the 13 root domain names stored in it, which form the bottom foundation of the Internet, and then derive many domain names.

Because the Internet was first born in the United States, root servers are mainly distributed in the United States, and one of the 13 root servers is a "primary root name server" placed in the United States; The remaining 12 are "secondary root nameservers", which are located in the United States (9) and the United Kingdom, Japan, and Sweden (1 each).

The role of the root server:

The main role of the root server is domain name resolution, and we only need to enter a short string of English ** to log in to our daily browsing**. But in the Internet world, the IP address of each ** is not recorded with this string of letters, but a long series of randomly distributed numbers. Such numbers are very difficult to remember and use, which is why short Chinese and English are produced**.

After we type it in the browser, we parse this ** into an IP address through the DNS server, so that we can access it**. The process of DNS server resolution is also accessed step by step, it first looks for the IP address from the browser's own cache, if not, it will access the built-in cache data of the computer, if it can't be queried, it will look for the server layer by layer to parse**, until it accesses the root server.

The root server of a computer, generally referred to as the root name server, is the necessary infrastructure for the construction of the Internet. The root server is primarily used to manage the home directory of the Internet. All IPv4 root servers are managed by ICANN, an Internet domain name and number allocation authority authorized by the United States**, which is responsible for the management of IPv4 root servers, domain name systems and IP addresses for global Internet domain names.

IPv4 root servers are limited to 13, and each server is named with a single letter in the alphabet; On the basis of the full compatibility of the existing IPv4 root server architecture, the "Snowman Project" of IPv6 root servers was completed in 2016 in 16 countries around the world, including the United States, Japan, and France, and 4 of them were deployed in China, consisting of 1 primary root server and 3 secondary root servers.

The root server, you said that the "root server of the DNS" should be the "root server of the DNS", briefly describe what it is used for: for example, you want to access.

p>, but the computer simply doesn't know what you're trying to access'

The string cn specifically corresponds to 'which server is on the network', because the server's access is 'according to the IP access', for example, what is the IP address corresponding to the access to "p>", and then this string is converted into the corresponding IP address, so that the object can be accessed correctly on the network. Therefore, it can also be seen that it is generally necessary to access the DNS server first and find the corresponding IP address before you can access the specific **. And the root server [the top of the Wang Heci DNS server at each layer] is the server that "maintains the largest and most complete table".

These servers are mainly in the United States. It can be said that the content in these root servers is the core data of the entire Internet and the throat of the entire Internet.

Root servers are part of the Internet's Domain Name System (DNS), which are the topmost level in the DNS hierarchy and store DNS information for the Internet's top-level domains (TLDs). The primary role of the root server is to respond to DNS queries to provide information about the TLD server and help the DNS system find the IP address of a particular domain name.

Here are some important things to know about the root server:

1.Global Distribution: There is not just one root server, there are actually several, and they are distributed all over the world to improve the stability and reliability of the DNS system.

These root servers are labeled with the letters A through M, with each letter representing a different instance of the root server.

2.Root server data: The root server does not store DNS records for all domain names across the Internet.

Instead, they only store top-level domains (e.g. com、.org、.

.NET, etc.), and a pointer to the corresponding TLD server.

3.Recursive queries: When a user enters a domain name into a browser facilitator, their computer first makes a query request to the local DNS server.

If the local DNS server doesn't know the IP address of the domain name, it issues a recursive query to request information from the root server, then the TLD server, and then the final name server.

4.DNS caching: In order to improve the query speed, the DNS system uses a cache between the local DNS server and the parent DNS server to store the domain name information that has been queried. This offloads the root server and other DNS servers.

5.Stability and security: The stability of root servers is critical because they are the foundation of the DNS architecture.

They need to be highly reliable to ensure that DNS queries on the internet can go smoothly. In addition, DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) technology is also being applied to root servers to ensure the integrity and authenticity of DNS responses.

In conclusion, the root server plays a vital role in the DNS architecture of the Internet, helping the user's computer find the IP address of the ** and resource they need. While the number of root servers is relatively small, their distribution and availability are critical to the proper functioning of the Internet.