Why China s urban construction has achieved high achievements

1. Ancient Chinese architectural structure and spatial characteristics.

Planar: A monomer feature is a skeletal structure.

a. In ancient China, limited by the natural size of wood, the beams were multi-span, and the beams were supported by columns to form a column network structure.

b. The wooden column is reasonable according to the wood grain.

c. Because the column and beam are load-bearing, the wall only plays a role in enclosing and increasing the stiffness, so there is "the wall does not collapse".

d. The direction of depth is often equal, and it may also be different due to the presence of corridors and other reasons.

Facade: The shape tends to be stylized in three sections: the base, the roof and the roof. Even in high-rise buildings such as towers and pavilions, each floor is composed of these three sections, that is, the superposition of numbers.

The artistic shape of the wooden structure is reasonable, that is, the dynamic beauty of the lines.

a. The mortise and tenon structure is adopted, and the architecture of the Tang and Song dynasties is the external embodiment of the structure. arises, and the side angles meet the structural requirements, and are adjusted.

Parallax to create a sense of stability.

b. The roof is concave and curved, which is conducive to drainage, lighting and the formation of beautiful curves.

Structural features: decoration, structure, structural integration. Such as owl kiss, hanging fish, grass and so on, is not only the need for structure, structure, but also has a decorative role.

Group composition is a measure. Gradients rely on a combination of many monomers. To understand ancient Chinese architecture, we need to add the category of time and pay attention to the four dimensions of space.

The fifth façade, the large roof, is unique and the most expressive. In order to be able to see the fifth façade, the courtyard should be well grasped so that the door of the previous building can frame the latter building when viewed from a medium distance.

Types and characteristics of ancient Chinese wooden buildings 2

Advantages: 1. Convenient materials: In ancient times, China's land was full of dense forests, and wood was easy to process, and stone tools could be used to complete felling, mining, leveling, mortise and tenon and other processes. With the use of bronze and iron tools, the level of wood construction technology increased rapidly.

2. Strong adaptability: the wooden frame building is formed by columns, beams, fangs, purlins and other components to form a frame to bear the roof, the floor load is wind, the first force, etc., the wall is not load-bearing, just enclose, separate and stabilize the role of the column, so there is a saying that "the wall does not collapse". It is flexible and adaptable.

The cost and effort of customizing the station is high, and its ** is relatively high.

High-rise buildings, **, broadband.

I don't know, I'm looking for it too.

First, the number of cities and organized towns has proliferated.

Since the reform and opening up, cities and towns have sprung up. By the end of 2015, the number of cities had reached 656 and the number of organized towns had reached 20,515, an increase of 463 and 18,342 respectively over 1978.

Second, the urban population is increasing rapidly.

In 2015, the permanent urban population reached 100 million, and in 1978 it was 100 million, an increase of more than 16 million, with an average annual growth of more than 16 million.

From 1978 to 2015, the urbanization rate climbed at an astonishing rate of 1 percentage point per year. The urbanization rate of some developed countries has increased from 20% to 50%, the United Kingdom and the United States have taken 50 years, Germany and France have taken 70 years, and China has only taken 30 years.

3. Large-scale expansion of built-up areas.

The built-up area of the city increased from 7,438 square kilometers in 1981 to 51,948 square kilometers in 2015, an increase of six times, with an average annual increase of 1,309 square kilometers. This does not include mining areas, which amount to 100,000 square kilometres if mining areas are added.

Fourth, the urban infrastructure has been significantly improved.

From 1981 to 2015, the urban water penetration rate was increased, the gas penetration rate was increased to 91%, the urban central heating area was increased from less than 100 million square meters to 100 million square meters, and the per capita road area was increased from less than 2 square meters per capita to square meters.

Fifth, the rapid development of the city's economy.

From 1988 to 2014, the average annual growth rate of GDP in urban areas reached 12%, one percentage point higher than the average annual growth rate of national GDP. In 2014, the GDP of urban areas reached one trillion yuan, 74 times that of 1988, accounting for 82% of the country's GDP.

Sixth, the rapid accumulation of residents' wealth.

In 2013, the per capita wealth of urban households reached 1.85 million yuan, an increase of 1,013 times after deducting price factors. The majority of urban households own their own ownership homes. Housing has become the most important asset of urban dwellers.

The ability to innovate in basic research and cutting-edge technology has been significantly enhanced, and breakthroughs have been made in industrial technology innovation. Attached: Beijing's successful bid for the Olympic Games and the successful opening of the Shanghai World Expo.

In 2005, China's current GDP (gross domestic product) was 182321 billion yuan, equivalent to 2,225.7 billion U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate of that year, and the per capita GDP reached 1,703 U.S. dollars. On a comparable** basis, China's GDP grew by 9 9 over the previous year.

In 2006, China's grain production reaped another bumper harvest. The total annual grain output reached 484 billion kilograms, an increase of 14.6 billion kilograms or 3.1 over the previous year.

In 2006, industrial production maintained a steady and rapid growth. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size was 6,642.5 billion yuan, an increase of 16.4 percent; The annual profit of industrial enterprises above designated size was 1,436.2 billion yuan, an increase of 22.6 percent.

In 2006, the foreign world continued to grow rapidly. China's total import and export volume was 1,422.1 billion US dollars, an increase of 23.2 over the previous year.

From self-developed general-purpose chips to supercomputers, from the human genome to new anti-diabetic drugs, from superrice to the ...... of manned space engineeringWith the implementation of the national "863", "973" and major scientific and technological projects and projects, China has made a series of major scientific and technological achievements, and the ability of independent innovation has been significantly enhanced.

From vigorously revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry to promoting the rapid and healthy development of the service industry, from strictly preventing blind investment and low-level expansion in some industries to vigorously supporting high-tech industries, from strictly controlling the two "gates" of land and credit to strictly controlling market access ......With the solution of the problem of overcapacity in some industries as a breakthrough, China's industrial restructuring has continuously taken new steps.

From reducing or reducing agricultural taxes to completely abolishing agricultural tax regulations, from implementing direct subsidies to grain farmers to increasing investment in rural infrastructure construction on a large scale, ,......

From launching a pilot project of a new type of rural cooperative medical care to recovering the ......arrears of wages for migrant workersIn terms of coordinating urban and rural development, China has continuously introduced a series of major measures to support agriculture and benefit farmers.

From the accelerated formation and integration of the Bohai Economic Circle, the Yangtze River Delta Economic Circle, and the Pearl River Delta Economic Circle to the steady advancement of the strategy of large-scale development of the western region, and from the old industrial base in Northeast China to embark on a journey of revitalization, to the relevant departments to study the policies and measures to promote the rise of the central region, ......China has continuously made new progress in forming a pattern and mechanism for coordinated regional development.

From strictly protecting cultivated land to vigorously developing a circular economy, from continuously improving motor vehicle emission standards to requiring large-scale thermal power plants to establish desulfurization facilities, from building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society to encouraging the development of renewable energy in the form of legislation......In the face of increasingly severe resource and environmental bottlenecks, China has put forward a series of countermeasures in a timely manner, and the concept of sustainable development is becoming the consensus of the whole society.

From doing everything possible to open up jobs to actively expanding the coverage of social security, from setting up aid stations for vagrants and beggars to vigorously carrying out legal aid activities, from paying attention to the lives and health of the people, constantly taking measures to stabilize the price of medicines, and solving the problem of the people's difficulty in seeing a doctor, to increasing investment in rural compulsory education in the western region, and starting to solve the problem of migrant workers' children going to school, ......Paying attention to social fairness and justice and ensuring that the broad masses of the people share the fruits of economic development has become an important part of the work of party committees at all levels.

The change from a thatched hut to a high-rise building is obvious.