Types of nerves, what are the classifications of neuropathy

Neurological diseases are a large group of diseases, including a lot of content, and have formed a complete discipline called neurology. According to the content of the disease, the form and nature of the disease, the following parts are included. The first category is peripheral neuropathy, including trigeminal neuralgia, facial neuritis, facial spasm, occipital neuralgia, cervical spondylosis, sciatica, etc.

The second category is spinal cord diseases, including acute myelitis, spinal cord compression, syringomyelia, etc. The third category is cerebrovascular disease, including cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial venous thrombosis, vascular dementia, etc. The fourth category is the infectious diseases of the central nervous system, including various types of encephalitis, meningitis, neurosyphilis, cerebral parasitic diseases, etc.

The fifth category, extrapyramidal diseases, includes parkinson's paralysis (Parkinson's disease), Wilson's disease, and chorea. The sixth category, epilepsy. The seventh category, demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, etc.

The eighth category is neuro-muscular junction diseases, including myasthenia gravis, progressive muscular dystrophy, periodic paralysis, polymyositis, etc. The ninth category is degenerative diseases of the nervous system, such as motor neuron disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple system atrophy, etc. The tenth category is congenital diseases of the nervous system, including cerebral palsy and congenital hydrocephalus.

The eleventh category is hereditary disorders of the nervous system, including hereditary ataxia and peroneal muscular dystrophy. The twelfth category, neurosis, includes hysteria, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, neurasthenia, phobias, hypochondriasis, depressive neurosis, etc., which have a certain intersection with neurological psychosis and psychiatry.

Neurological diseases are classified as follows, the most common being vascular diseases, including cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack; Infectious diseases of the central nervous system, such as encephalitis, meningitis and myelitis; Degenerative diseases of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are common; Trauma such as subdural hematoma, craniocerebral contusion, etc.; Tumors include tumors that originate in the nervous system, such as gliomas, and can also include intracranial metastases; demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, etc.; and metabolic and nutritional disorders, such as vitamin B1 deficiency, caused by polyneuropathy, or vitamin B12 deficiency, caused by subacute combined degeneration; Other classifications include poisoning and genetic diseases such as Wilson's disease, among others.

There are many ways to classify neuropathy, according to Professor Xu Youxin's classification method, neuropathy is divided into neurasthenia, anxiety neurosis, phobia neurosis, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, hypochondriacal neurosis, and five typical neuroses. There are also depressive neurosis, depersonalization neurosis, other types and unclassifiable neurosis, and four atypical neuroses.

There are different approaches to the classification of neuropathy, but the common ones are as follows:

1. Peripheral nervous system diseases: hereditary and acquired;

3. According to the pathological changes of the damage: histological, interstitial;

4. According to the course of the disease: acute, subacute, chronic, sexual and progressive neuropathy;

5. According to the distribution of involved nerves: single neuropathy, multiple single neuropathy, multiple neuropathy, etc.;

6. According to the symptoms and clinical manifestations: sensory, motor, mixed, autonomic neuropathy, etc.;

7. According to the anatomical location of the lesion: such as radiculopathy, plexopathy, nerve trunk disease, etc.

Therefore, peripheral neuropathy is more complex and has many classifications, which need to be classified according to clinical manifestations and symptom descriptions.

Neuropathy is a psychopathy that is divided into two categories: manic and depressive.

Neurotransmitters in the brain are divided into four categories, namely bioamines, amino acids, peptides, and others. Bioprimary amine neurotransmitters are the first to be discovered, including: dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (e-hydroxytryptamine).

Amino acid neurotransmitters include: -aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, glutamic acid, histamine, acetylcholine (ACH).

Peptide neurotransmitters are divided into: endogenous opioid peptides, substance P, neurovasopressin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, vasopressin and oxytocin, and neuropeptide Y. Other neurotransmitters are divided into:

Nucleotides, arachidonic acids, anandamide, sigma receptors ( receptors).

Others: Nitric oxide is widely recognized as a neurotransmitter that is not released in exocytosis, but by virtue of its lipolytic properties, it crosses the cell membrane and acts through chemical reactions and is inactivated. It plays the role of retrograde messenger in synaptic plasticity changes and long-term enhancement effects.

Cerebral infarction belongs to the Department of Neurology. Cerebral infarction, also known as ischemic stroke, refers to the blood disorder of the brain caused by various reasons such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes, resulting in ischemia and hypoxic necrosis of local brain tissue, and the corresponding limbs. Symptoms such as body dysfunction and paresthesias.

According to the mechanism of avascular necrosis in local brain tissue, cerebral infarction can be divided into three main pathophysiological types, including cerebral thrombosis, cerebral tethering and cerebral infarction caused by hemodynamic mechanisms.

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