Why catalase can reduce the activation energy of hydrogen peroxide decomposition reactions

Enzymes are biological macromolecules with biocatalytic functions, that is, biocatalysts, which can speed up biochemical reactions, but do not change the direction and products of the reaction. Like other catalysts, enzymes do not change the equilibrium constant of the reaction, but rather speed up the reaction rate by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction.

Activation energy refers to the minimum amount of energy required by the reactant molecule to reach the activated molecule in a chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction system, only those molecules with high energy and in the activated state, i.e., activated molecules, can have a chemical reaction in molecular collision. The activation of a molecule is a certain amount of energy higher than that of a general molecule, which is called activation energy.

When enzymes are involved in the reaction, the activation energy required for the reaction is reduced because the enzyme can transiently bind to the reactants to form a transition state. Taking enzymes and substrates as examples, the difference between the potential energy in the free state of the two and the potential energy of the activated molecule formed by the combination of the two is the activation energy required for the reaction.

The magnitude of the activation energy is related to the reaction rate, the lower the activation energy, the faster the reaction rate, so reducing the activation energy will effectively promote the reaction progress. Enzymes facilitate the rapid development of some otherwise slow biochemical reactions by reducing the activation energy (in fact, by changing the reaction pathway).

Enzymes are catalysts that make chemical reactions more likely to occur, and the activation energy required for a chemical reaction also refers to the difficulty of the reaction, and the more difficult the reaction, the more activation energy is required.

2H2O2 = Light = 2H2O+O2

That's it, hopefully it's still too late.

Intramolecular redox reactions.

Based on the literature, my understanding is that peroxidase catalyzes hydrogen peroxide productionHydroxyl radicals；Whereas, catalase catalizes the production of hydrogen peroxideOxygen

Catalase is an enzyme that catalizes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, which can reduce the activation energy of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction, thereby promoting the reaction. This is because the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction needs to overcome a higher energy barrier to proceed, and catalase can provide the activation energy of the reaction, making the reaction easier to proceed.

In addition, catalase can also promote the reaction rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition because catalase provides an active site that allows hydrogen peroxide molecules to get closer to the reaction center, thus increasing the reaction rate. Therefore, catalase plays an important catalytic role in living organisms, which can effectively decompose hydrogen peroxide molecules and maintain the redox balance in living organisms.

The reaction of catalase catalase catalizing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be expressed as follows:

2 h2o2 → 2 h2o + o2

Mechanism of reaction. Although the complete catalytic mechanism of catalase is not fully understood, its catalytic process is thought to be a two-step process:

h2o2 + fe(iii)-e → h2o + o=fe(iv)-e(.+

h2o2 + o=fe(iv)-e(.+h2o + fe(iii)-e + o2

where "Fe()-E" denotes the central iron atom (Fe) of the heme group bound to the enzyme (E). fe(iv)-e(.+ is a resonant form of Fe(V)-E, i.e. the iron atom is not completely oxidized to the +v valence, but receives some "support electrons" from the heme.

Therefore, the heme in the reaction formula is also expressed as a free radical cation (.).+

Hydrogen peroxide enters the active site and interacts with asparagine residues at position 147 (ASN147) and histidine residues at position 74 (his74) of enzymes, causing a proton to be transferred between oxygen atoms. The free oxygen atoms coordinate to form water molecules and Fe(IV)= react with a second hydrogen peroxide molecule to re-form Fe(III)-E, and generate water molecules and oxygen. The reactivity of the iron atom at the center of the active cleavage may be enhanced by the presence of the phenol-based side chain of the tyrosine residue (TYR357) at position 357 (which helps FE(III) oxidize to FE(IV)).

The efficiency of the reaction may be improved by the interaction of his74 and asn147 with reaction intermediates. The rate of this reaction can usually be determined by the Mie equation.

Catalase is also capable of oxidizing some other cytotoxic substances such as formaldehyde, formic acid, phenol, and ethanol. These oxidation processes are done using hydrogen peroxide through the following reactions: Mountain Trouble.

h2o2 + h2r → 2h2o + r

Again, the specific mechanism of response is unclear.

Any heavy metal ion, such as copper in copper sulfate, can act as a non-competitive inhibitor of catalase. In addition, the highly toxic cyanide is a competitive inhibitor of catalase and can bind tightly to the heme in the enzyme, preventing the enzyme from catalyzing the reaction.

The three-dimensional structure of catalase intermediates in the peroxidized state has been resolved and can be retrieved in protein databases.

Hydrogen peroxide inhibits the enzyme reaction, catalase reaction.

1.Principle: Bacteria with catalase can catalyze hydrogen peroxide to generate water and new ecological oxygen, and then form bubbles in the oxygen of the void, which are positive bacteria, and those without bubbles are negative.

2.Reagent: 3 —10 hydrogen peroxide solution, beef paste peptone medium.

3.Procedure: The Bacillus subtilis observed after crystal violet staining was streaked onto the inclined plane and cultured for 1-2 days.

Take a clean glass slide, add a drop of 3-10 hydrogen peroxide on it, pick a ring of fungus moss cultured for 1-2 days, smear it in the hydrogen peroxide solution, and observe whether there are bubbles (oxygen).

Catalase (catalase, CAT) is ubiquitous in plant tissues and is one of the important protective enzymes, which is used to remove H2O2 produced in metabolism to avoid the oxidative destruction of cells by the accumulation of H2O2 in the air, so its activity is related to the stress resistance of plants.

Hydrogen peroxide has a strong oxidizing effect on organic matter, and test strips can be prepared accordingly, generally with organic dyes oxidative fading or discoloration, such as methyl orange test strips. However, there are many interfering factors, such as oxygen and other oxidizing agents.

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is commonly used in the spike oxidase method, and due to the singularity of the enzyme reaction, there are few interfering factors. The substrate of HRP is hydrogen peroxide, and there are several hydrogen donors during the catalytic reaction: (1) o-phenylenediamine (OPD), and the product is orange and can be identified by the naked eye.

2) Anisamine (OD), the product is orange and the color is relatively stable; (3) 5-aminosalicylic acid (5 as): the product is dark brown and has poor sensitivity; (4) The o-toluidine (OT) product of rock lead is blue jujube, unstable and acid-resistant, but the reaction is fast and the color is obvious.

Catalase catalizes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide) into oxygen and water through a redox reaction.

According to its reaction characteristics, catalase can be used for the production of sodium gluconate by double enzymatic method (glucose oxidase and catalase) to improve the production efficiency of sodium gluconate; Such as: Xiasheng liquid food peroxide Bihe hydrogenase FDY-3505

It can also be used to treat sewage containing hydrogen peroxide, which can effectively degrade hydrogen peroxide and make the sewage meet the standard of discharge or reuse; Such as: Xiasheng liquid industrial catalase 400,000 enzyme live GDY-2001

At the same time, it can also be used in food processing to remove hydrogen peroxide residues in food disinfectants. For example, Xiasheng liquid food-grade catalase 400,000 enzyme active FDY-2213

Xiasheng can provide one-stop enzyme skin solution solution, customize exclusive formulas according to customer needs, and welcome cooperation from all walks of life!

Alkaline protease.

Amylase.

Hydrogen peroxide is an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water, which is generally said to have a protective and detoxifying effect on the human body. Catalase is used for disinfection and cleansing of traumatic injuries, and it is very useful for Zheng Duan.

Catalase (CAT), an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water, is present in the peroxisomes of cells. Hydrogen peroxide trembling enzyme is the hallmark enzyme of peroxisomes, accounting for about 40% of the total peroxisome enzymes.

Catalase is present in various tissues of all known animals, especially in the liver at high concentrations. Catalase is used in the food industry to remove hydrogen peroxide from milk used to make milk holes. Catalase is also used in food packaging to prevent food from being oxidized.