What is the reason why the bond type of carbon is dominated by covalent bonds when forming compounds

The nucleus of a carbon atom is made up of 6 protons and a number of neutrons (usually 6). According to the electroneutrality of the atom, since there are 6 positively charged protons, there are 6 negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus.

Extranuclear electron shell.

There are 2 electrons in the first shell, and the remaining 4 electrons of the carbon atom are arranged in the second electron shell, that is, there are 4 electrons in the outermost electron shell outside the nucleus of the carbon atom.

There are 8 electrons in the outermost electron shell outside the nucleus that belong to a stable structure, and 4 electrons also belong to a relatively stable structure, if there are less than 4, it is easy to lose electrons to cations.

The form of existence, electropositive, is generally a metal atom. If there are more than 4, it is easy to get electrons to anions.

The form of existence, apparently negative, is generally a non-metallic atom. The outermost electron shell has an arrangement of 4 electrons, which is neither easy to gain nor lose electrons, so carbon is chemically stable. However, under the change of conditions, carbon can also interact with other atoms to form compounds, at this time, it is still not easy to lose electrons to form cations, and it is not easy to obtain electrons to form anions, so it is covalently bonded.

forms exist.

The electronegativity of c is centered, and it is not easy to gain and lose electron pairs, so the bond type is dominated by covalent bonds. (Elements within the electronegativity difference usually form covalent bonds).

The outermost shell of the C atom has four electrons, which are neither easy to lose nor easy to gain, so the formation of compounds is dominated by covalent bonds.

Carbon atoms are very important atoms in organic compounds, they are one of the most common elements in organic chemistry and one of the most important elements in living systems.

Carbon atoms can form a variety of different covalent bonds, and their bonding characteristics are as follows:1Tetrahedral configuration:

Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds, which determines the tetrahedral configuration of carbon atoms, and this configuration makes carbon atoms play an extremely important role in the three-dimensional structure of space. Since the four bond angles around the carbon atom are equal, the tetrahedral configuration is one of the most stable configurations. 2.

Can form a variety of chemical bonds: Carbon atoms can form a variety of chemical bonds such as single, double, triple, and quadruple bonds. Since carbon atoms are less electronegative, carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with other non-metallic elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc.

Also, since carbon atoms can bond with each other, organic compounds can form very complex molecular structures.

3.Hybrid orbitals: During bonding, the four electronic orbitals of the carbon atom (1s, 2s, 2p x, 2p y, and 2p z) are mixed into four equal-energy hybrid orbital equilibrium first channels with tetrahedral configuration, i.e., sp3 hybrid orbitals.

The formation of this hybrid orbital can maximize the possibility of the four bonding directions of the carbon atom, resulting in the formation of a stable molecular structure. 4.Polarity:

Since the carbon atom is less electronegative, the bonding is usually non-polar. However, in some cases, such as in double and triple bonds, there will be a large electron cloud shift between the carbon atom and other atoms, resulting in some polarity in the bonding. In conclusion, the bonding characteristics of carbon atoms in organic compounds mainly include tetrahedral configurations, various chemical bonds, hybrid orbitals and polarity.

These characteristics enable carbon atoms to form very complex organic molecular structures, which are the core atoms in organic chemistry research.

1 c atom has 4 lone pairs of electrons, i.e., 4 covalent bonds can be formed.

Electronics Cloud. is a figurative metaphor for electrons in the nucleus of an atom.

In an area of outer space, it appears as if a negatively charged cloud is enveloping the nucleus of an atom, and it is figuratively called an "electron cloud".

The electron is a microscopic particle that moves at high speed in such a small space (about 10-10 meters in diameter), and the movement of electrons outside the nucleus is different from the movement of macroscopic objects, and there is no definite direction and trajectory, and the size of its chance of appearing somewhere in space outside the nucleus can only be described by an electron cloud. The image on the left shows the hydrogen atom.

The 1s electron cloud, with small black dots, indicates the number of chances of an electron outside the hydrogen atom appearing in a unit volume of space outside the nucleus, near the nucleus, the density of black dots is large, and there are many opportunities for electrons to appear, and far away from the nucleus, there are few opportunities for electrons to appear. The image on the right shows the interface diagram of the electron cloud of the hydrogen atom 1s, and 90% of the electron occurrence opportunities are within the interface. The electron cloud has different shapes, which are represented by the characters s, p, d, and f, respectively, the s electron cloud is spherical, on the sphere of the same radius, the electron cloud has the same chance of electrons, the p electron cloud is spindle-shaped (or subbell-shaped), the d electron cloud is petal-shaped, and the f electron cloud is more complex.

It is easy to form covalent bonds with other atoms, but not with other atoms. () is a canon.

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct answer: B

Answer]: The formation of the carbon skeleton and the use of functional groups are two different aspects, independent of each other but interrelated: the carbon skeleton can only be assembled by the use of functional groups - the reaction occurs on the functional groups, or on the active parts of the body (such as carbonyl groups or double bonds) produced by the influence of functional groups, so carbon heterobonds should be established before carbon-carbon bonds can be established.

The chemical bonds that bind carbon atoms to carbon atoms or between carbon atoms and other atoms in most organic molecules are: polar and non-polar bonds.

In a molecule, the same atom forms a covalent bond, and the two atoms have the same ability to attract electrons, and the shared electron pairs are not biased towards any one atom, so the bonded atoms are not electrical. Such covalent bonds are called non-polar covalent bonds, or non-polar bonds for short. In compound molecules, the covalent bonds formed by different atoms, due to the different abilities of the two atoms to attract electrons, the shared electrons must be biased towards the atom with the stronger ability to attract electrons, so the atom with the weaker ability to attract electrons is relatively electropositive, such a covalent bond is called a polar covalent bond, referred to as a polar bond.

Answer: Ethylene is an olefin and contains a carbon-carbon double bond. Methane is all C H single bonds. The carbon-carbon bond in the benzene molecule is a unique bond between a carbon-carbon single bond and a carbon-carbon double bond. The acetic acid molecule is composed of carbon and oxygen double bonds, and the rest are all single bonds, so the answer is b.

1.How many keys are there in this science?

There are covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and metallic bonds.

2.What are the ways in which the same C can be bonded together?

A (covalent repentant Tan bond).

Since they are all carbon atoms and have the same ability to compete for electrons, they can only form covalent bonds.

Ionic bonds are attractions produced by heterosexual charges, such as chlorine and sodium combined into NaCl molecules.

A covalent bond is the attraction of two or more atoms through a common electron, and a typical covalent bond is formed by two atoms by attracting a pair of bonding electrons. For example, two hydrogen nuclei attract a pair of electrons at the same time, forming a hydrogen molecule that is stable and secure.

Metallic bonds, on the other hand, are interactions that bind metal atoms together and can be seen as highly delocalized covalent bonds.

If the energy converted from high energy needs to go through a higher energy, it cannot be completed spontaneously, and it needs something such as a catalyst to reduce the intermediate high-energy state, and the middle does not need to go through a high-energy process to be spontaneous.

C=C=C energy is higher than C-C C-energy, and there is no higher energy state in the conversion process, so it is spontaneous, and C=C=C is always spontaneously converted to C-C C.

For example, H2O2, hydrogen peroxide, is converted to O2 and H2O, because the middle has to go through a higher energy state, and the low energy cannot be spontaneously converted into high energy, so it is necessary to provide energy or reduce the energy of the intermediate state. There are two ways to provide energy such as heating, and there are two ways to reduce the energy of the intermediate state, one is to change the direction of the process, that is, to add another material to react, change the intermediate state of the substance, and generate a new intermediate substance in the low energy state, which is the so-called "change the direction of the reaction", and the other is to reduce the reaction energy of the intermediate state substance, that is, to add a catalyst.

And you are talking about c=c=c, because it is higher than c-c c, and the energy of the self-reacting intermediate state matter is lower than c=c=c, so it can react spontaneously. All substances that can spontaneously react to form another substance under certain conditions cannot exist under such conditions. It's like hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate can't coexist because the two of them can react spontaneously, but you just need to be reactants as you say c=c=c.

The main reason is that in the process of forming the bond in the double bond, the p orbital perpendicular to the bond needs to be used, if the formation of c = c = c, for the middle c first sp hybridization, and then there are two mutually perpendicular p orbitals and the left and right sides to form two mutually perpendicular bonds, then the energy will be too high and cause instability.