What is Statistics? How to understand the object of study in statistics?

Nowadays, the word statistics has three meanings:

1) Statistical data are numerical data and relevant textual descriptions that reflect the state and regularity of a large number of phenomena;

2) Statistical work is the activity of collecting, collating, and analyzing statistical data and making inferences to explore the essence and regularity of things;

3) Statistical science is the theory and method of how to collect, organize and analyze the quantitative data of a large number of phenomena and deduce their essence and regularity, such as socio-economic statistics and mathematical statistics.

its functions. Information function.

It is the statistical department that collects, processes, transmits, stores and provides a large amount of socio-economic information with data description as the basic feature in a sensitive and systematic manner according to the scientific statistical index system and statistical survey methods.

Advisory function. It refers to the use of the abundant statistical information resources that have been mastered, the use of scientific analysis methods and advanced technical means, to carry out in-depth comprehensive analysis and special research, and to provide a variety of alternative consulting suggestions and countermeasures for scientific decision-making and management.

Oversight functions. It refers to the timely and accurate reflection of the overall economic, social, and scientific and technological operation status in a timely and accurate manner according to statistical investigation and analysis, and the implementation of comprehensive and systematic quantitative inspection, monitoring, and early warning of them, so as to promote the national economy.

In accordance with the requirements of objective laws, sustained, stable and coordinated development.

Subjects of study in statistics:

Generally speaking, the object of statistics is the overall quantitative relationship between natural and social objective phenomena. It is precisely because of this special contradiction in the study of statistics that it has become a universal science. Whether it is in the natural field or in the social and economic field, the overall quantitative aspect of objective phenomena is to be analyzed and studied by statistics.

The research object of statistics: Generally speaking, the research object of statistics is the quantitative relationship of the overall version of the objective phenomena of nature and society.

The right object of statistics is the quantitative aspect of phenomena in the natural and socio-economic fields, which is the dividing line between statistics (quantitative analysis discipline) and other qualitative analysis disciplines. Quantification is the basic characteristic of statistical research objects, because numbers are the language of statistics, and data are the raw materials of statistics. All objective things have two aspects, quality and quantity, and the quality and quantity of things are always closely related and jointly stipulate the nature of things.

There is no immeasurable quality, and there is no qualitative quantity. A certain quality prescribes a certain quantity, and a certain quantity is also manifested as a certain quality.

1.The object of study of statistics: the quantitative aspect of a large number of phenomena.

2.Research Methods in Statistics:

a Extensive observational approach.

b Composite indicator approach.

c Statistical extrapolation.

3.Statistical Elements:

a Overall. b sample c inference (basic task).

d Reliability of inferences (the most important element).

4.Statistical content:

a Descriptive statistics.

b Inferred statistics.

5.Specialized survey: refers to a survey conducted specifically for some specific purposes, and this kind of survey is mostly a one-time survey.

Any population that can be represented by data can be used as the object of statistical research.

1. Mass observation method: a method of investigating and comprehensively analyzing the whole self or sufficient units of the whole body.

2. Comprehensive analysis of DAO method: For the data obtained from a large number of observations, the method of various comprehensive indicators is used to reflect the general quantitative characteristics of the population, and the comprehensive indicators are decomposed and compared to study the differences and quantitative relationships of the population.

3. Inductive inference: The so-called induction refers to the reasoning method from individual to general, from fact to generalization. The inductive reasoning method of judging the quantitative characteristics of the population based on the sample data with a certain confidence standard is called the statistical inference method.

1. The overall quantitative characteristics and quantitative relations of objective things are the research objects of statistics. Statistics uses scientific methods to collect, collate and analyze actual data, and uses statistical indicators and index systems to indicate the scale, level, speed, proportion and benefit of phenomena.

2. Statistics is a comprehensive discipline that uses a lot of professional knowledge in mathematics and other disciplines, and its application scope covers almost all fields of social science and natural science.

1.The object of study of statistics is the object that Xiang Zheng refers to as the Institute of Statistics to recognize.

2.Generally speaking, the research object of statistics is the overall quantitative characteristics and quantitative relations of objective phenomena, as well as the regularity of the development and change of objective phenomena reflected through these quantitative aspects.

3.The term statistics originated from national surveys, which originally meant national studies.

4.Primitive statistics, the primitive form in which people collect data, have been around for thousands of years, and as a science, it has been since the 17th century.

5.In English, statistician and statistician are the same word, but statistics does not come directly from the experience of statistical work.

6.Every science has its own objective conditions for establishment, development and statistical science is a marginal discipline that is developed, which is the integration, refinement and development of statistical work experience, socio-economic theory and econometric methods.

7.In general, statistics has three meanings: statistical work, statistical information, and statistical science.

8.The relationship between statistical work, statistical data, and statistical science is as follows: the results of statistical work are statistical data, and the basis of statistical data and statistical science is statistical work, and statistical science is not only a theoretical summary of statistical work experience, but also a principle, principle, and method guiding statistical work.