Which one of the Shang Dynasty reforms was popular with the old aristocracy?

The Shang Dynasty reform was not popular with the old aristocracy.

The first change.

After the successful implementation of the Reclamation Decree in the Qin State, Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Ying as the chief of the left in 356 BC, and implemented the first reform in the Qin State.

Its main contents are:

1) Promulgating and implementing the "Book of Laws" of Li Kui of the Wei State, adding the law of joint sitting, and imposing heavy penalties for minor crimes;

2) Abolish the old Shiqing Shilu system, reward military merits, prohibit private fighting, and promulgate the system of 20 knights who are rewarded according to military merits;

3) Emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business, rewarding farming and weaving, and especially rewarding land reclamation;It stipulates that those who produce a lot of grain and cloth can be exempted from labor and taxes, and regard agriculture as their "main business" and commerce as their "last business", and the scope of business of merchants is restricted, and the commercial tax is relevant.

4) Burning Confucian classics and prohibiting the nomadic people.

5) Enforce the system of individual small families. The expansion of state taxation and military conscription** laid a solid foundation for the growth of Qin's economic and military strength.

The second change.

Xianyang (now northeast of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province) is located in the middle of the Guanzhong Plain, bordering the plateau in the north, the Wei River in the south, and the Yellow River can be directly entered along the Wei River. In order to facilitate the development to the east of Hangu Pass, Qin Xiaogong ordered Shang Ying to recruit soldiers in 350 BC, build the Jique court according to the scale of the national capital of Lu and Weiguo, build a new capital, and move the national capital from Liyang (now southeast of Fuping County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province) to Xianyang in the following year, and at the same time ordered Shang Ying to carry out the second reform in Qin.

The main contents are:

1) Abolish the aristocracy's well-field system, "open up the frontier and seal the territory", abolish the slavery system of state ownership of land, implement private ownership of land, and the state recognizes private ownership of land and allows free buying and selling.

2) Universally implement the county system and set up county-level bureaucracy;"Gather small capitals and townships into counties", take counties as local administrative units, abolish the sub-feudal system, "all thirty-one counties", the county set up a county order to preside over the county government, set up a county to assist the county order, and set up a county lieutenant to take charge of the military. The county has jurisdiction over a number of capitals, townships, towns and gatherings.

3) Move the capital to Xianyang and build a palace;

4) Unify the system of weights and measures, and promulgate standards for weights and measures;

5) Compile household registration, five households are in the army, and ten households are not, stipulate that residents must register their household registration, and begin to levy military taxes according to the population of each household;

6) Eliminate the residual Rongdi customs, prohibit fathers, sons, and brothers from living in the same room, and implement the policy of small families. It stipulates that where there are two or more sons in a household who have reached the age of establishing a household and do not live separately, the household registration tax shall be doubled. This is a supplement to the "Heterogeneous Family" decree in the first reform, and it is also a norm for social customs.

As long as there were no measures that harmed the interests of the old aristocracy, they would be welcomed, such as the political "implementation of the Shiwu and the joint sitting system", and the cultural "burning poetry and writing and clarifying the law".

The recognition of private ownership of land is conducive to the formation of feudal land ownership.

The military merit system is knighted according to the size of the military merit, and the children of the nobility who do not have military merit cannot inherit the title. Abolish Shilu Shiqing insteadTwentieth rank system, breaking the monopoly of the aristocracy. RepealedIda system, Kaiqian Mo recognized the private ownership of land and allowed free buying and selling.

PushThe county system, take back local rights**, and reduce the control of the nobility over the locality.

Background of the Shang Martingale Reform:

First of all, there is the larger social background. In the Warring States period.

Each vassal state was constantly at war with the other vassal states for the benefit of its own country. If a country's combat effectiveness is not strong and its overall national strength is not remarkable, it may become the target of public criticism. Other countries sent troops to attack weaker countries.

In order to enhance the country's overall national strength, it is necessary to carry out the reform of the law.

Second, other countries have increased their overall national strength through the movement to change the law. Qin State Qin Xiaogong.

See Wei State. Through Li Kui's reforms, the economic and military development of the Wei State was promoted. Qin Xiaogong summed up his experience and found a way to improve the country's combat effectiveness in a short period of time.

As a result, Qin Xiaogong began to solicit talents from the society, hoping that a person with lofty ideals would appear to lead Qin to embark on the road of reform.

Finally, Legalist thought.

Deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, during the Warring States Period, all vassal states expanded by force. to maximize the size of the country. Shang Ying was an admirer of Legalist thought, and in response to this situation, Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Ying to let him change the law in the Qin State, so that Shang Ying could smoothly implement the reform.

The impact of the Shang Martingale Method:

1. Make Qin's economy prosperous and its military strength stronger; The prosperity of the Qin State also made the talents of the world gather in the Qin State; Qin's military power became stronger, and it also achieved major victories in foreign wars, and Qin's territory continued to expand, becoming the Seven Heroes of the Warring States.

The strongest country.

2. The Shang Dynasty Reform encouraged farming, emphasized agriculture and suppressed commerce, which stimulated the enthusiasm of the peasants, made the economic level of the Qin State have been greatly developed, and also rewarded military merits, so that the combat effectiveness of the soldiers was greatly enhanced, and the country became richer and more powerful in military strength.

3. The two changes of Shang Yang can be said to be relatively successful, such as private ownership of land, rewarding military merits, unifying weights and measures, etc., so that the peasants and soldiers of Qin have a high enthusiasm, the country has become rich and strong, and talents from other countries have gathered in Qin, which makes Qin's talents become more and more.

The measure that directly harmed the interests of the old aristocracy should be to "encourage military merit and implement the system of twenty knights".

1. Meritorious service:

Shang Ying ordered that "those who have military merits should be knighted according to their ranks, and they will be punished for their personal struggles", and private fights were forbidden to reward military merits. It is stipulated that titles are awarded according to military merits, and the clan shall not be included in the public family register unless it has military merits, and it also makes "those who have meritorious merit be honored, and those who have no merit have no glory although they are rich". That is to say, the children of the nobles who have merit can enjoy glory and wealth; Those who have no merit, although their families are rich, must not be extravagant.

This directly inhibited the inheritance of the vested interests of the original aristocracy.

2. Implement the twentieth rank system:

The establishment of the 20-level jue means that Shang Ying completely abolished the old Shiqing Shilu system, and in the future, titles will be awarded according to the size of military merits, and officials will be selected from those who have military merits. Twentieth level of the Lord: the first level is called the Gongshi, the second level is called Shangzao, the nineteenth level is called the Marquis of Guannei, and the twentieth level is called the Marquis of Che.

Ju "Han Shuo" contained "Shang Jun for the law in Qin, the battle beheaded a poem to give a knight, and those who want to be an official are fifty stones". It also illustrates the practice of rewarding: the general beheads the enemy in the war, and he will be awarded a knight, which can be an official of fifty stones; Kill x enemies x the first two, and be knighted at the second level, which can be the official of a hundred stones.

All levels of titles stipulate the number of land, houses, slaves and maids, and clothing.

This practice will also directly produce a group of new nobles long ago, and directly compete with the original old nobles.

3. Other measures, such as: waste well fields, open up Qianmo; Emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business, rewarding farming and weaving; Unified weights and measures; In addition to the Shiqing Shilu system, the clan nobles were encouraged to establish military merits; reform the household registration system and implement the joint sitting law; the implementation of the county system; The law of Qin, "the book of burnt poetry and the decree". For the vested interests of the original aristocracy, the influence is not as good"Meritorious military merit, the implementation of the 20th rank system"This one is direct.