The main forms in which carbon elements exist are what and what and what

High-quality answers. Graphite, diamond, football ene (C60) In recent years, scientists have discovered that in addition to diamond and graphite, there are some new carbons in elemental form. Among them, the C60 molecule was discovered earlier and has made important progress in research.

The C60 molecule is a molecule composed of 60 carbon atoms, which resembles a football, hence the name football ene.

C60 is a stable molecule formed by the combination of carbon atoms alone, it has 60 vertices and 32 faces, of which 12 are regular pentagons and 20 are regular hexagons. Its relative molecular mass is about 720

The carbon atoms at the vertices and the carbon atoms at the adjacent vertices are each overlapped with sp hybrid orbitals to form bonds, and the three bonds of each carbon atom are one side of a pentagon and two sides of a hexagon. The three bonds of the carbon atom are not coplanar and the bond angle is about 108° or 120° so the whole molecule is spherical. Each carbon atom overlaps each other with the remaining p-orbital to form a closed-shell electronic structure with 60 electrons, so that the electron cloud surrounds both inside and outside the cage in an approximately spherical cage.

The molecular orbital calculations show that the soccer alene has a large delocalized energy. In recent years, scientists have discovered that in addition to diamond and graphite, there are also some new carbons in elemental form. Among them, the C60 molecule was discovered earlier and has made important progress in research.

The C60 molecule is a molecule composed of 60 carbon atoms, which resembles a football, hence the name football ene.

C60 is a stable molecule formed by the combination of carbon atoms alone, it has 60 vertices and 32 faces, of which 12 are regular pentagons and 20 are regular hexagons. Its relative molecular mass is about 720

The carbon atoms at the vertices and the carbon atoms at the adjacent vertices are each overlapped with sp hybrid orbitals to form bonds, and the three bonds of each carbon atom are one side of a pentagon and two sides of a hexagon. The three bonds of the carbon atom are not coplanar and the bond angle is about 108° or 120° so the whole molecule is spherical. Each carbon atom overlaps each other with the remaining p-orbital to form a closed-shell electronic structure with 60 electrons, so that the electron cloud surrounds both inside and outside the cage in an approximately spherical cage.

The molecular orbital calculations show that the soccer alene has a large delocalized energy.

Graphite, diamond, footballene.

1.Flammability:

Carbon is fully burned in air (or oxygen): C + O2 = ignition = CO2 Carbon is not fully burned in air: 2c + O2 = ignition = 2CO2Reducibility:

Charcoal Reduced Copper Oxide: C + 2Cuo = High Temperature = 2Cu + CO2 Coke Reduced Iron Oxide: 3C + 2Fe2O3 = High Temperature = 4Fe + 3CO2 3Stability at room temperature

1. Flammability.

Carbon is fully burned in oxygen: C + O2 = ignited = CO2 Carbon is not burned fully in oxygen: 2c + O2 = ignited = 2CO2, reducible.

Coke reduced iron oxide: 3C + 2Fe2O3 = High temperature = 4Fe + 3CO2

Charcoal Reduction Copper Oxide: C + 2Cuo = High Temperature = 2Cu + CO2

First of all, let's talk about the definition of carbon source: any nutrient that can provide microorganisms with the carbon elements needed for growth and reproduction is called a carbon source.

In nature, organic matter containing carbon, such as sugars, fatty acids, petroleum, etc., is called an organic carbon source.

Carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate and other carbon-containing inorganic substances are called inorganic carbon sources.

The carbon source substances of microorganisms mainly include: carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate, sugars, fatty acids, petroleum, peanut flour, etc.

Carbon associated with organic matter contained in organic carbon sedimentary rocks. It is commonly used to express the mass fraction of organic carbon per unit mass of rock.

The Chinese name is organic carbon.

The foreign name is organic carbon

Also known as residual organic carbon.

A basic indicator in the study of nature-producing oil-producing rocks.

The action determines the oil-producing rocks, indicates the abundance of organic matter, etc.

organic carbon

Organic carbon is determined using the oxidation method, which approximates the abundance of organic matter in terms of oxygen consumption. In the process of sedimentation and diagenesis, organic matter undergoes various complex processes (first biochemical, later thermochemical), and a large part is lost, and the measured organic carbon content is the carbon content in the preserved residual organic matter, so it is also called remaining organic carbon.

It approximates the abundance of the raw oil parent material. There is a certain proportional relationship between the total amount of organic matter in sedimentary rocks and the amount of organic carbon, which is commonly known as the organic coefficient. According to statistics, the organic coefficient is generally in between.

Organic carbon is a basic index in the study of oil-producing rocks, which can be used to determine oil-producing rocks, indicate the abundance of organic matter, judge the oil-producing efficiency, conversion efficiency and evolution degree, calculate the amount of oil-produced, and estimate the direction of primary oil migration.

When the sample is burned at 150 degrees, only the inorganic carbon is converted to CO2, which is the total inorganic carbon (TIC). The difference between total carbon and total organic carbon is total inorganic carbon.

1. Carbon is a non-metallic element located in group iva, the second period of the periodic table. Latin for carbonium, meaning "coal, charcoal". Carbon is a very common element that is widely present in the atmosphere and in the earth's crust and living organisms in many forms.

2. Carbon has long been recognized and utilized, and a series of carbon compounds - organic matter is the foundation of life. Carbon is one of the components of pig iron, wrought iron, and steel. Carbon can chemically self-combine to form a large number of compounds, which are biologically and commercially important molecules.

The vast majority of molecules in living organisms contain carbon.

In nature, organic matter containing carbon, such as sugars, fatty acids, petroleum, etc., is called organic carbon.

Carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate, and other carbon-containing inorganic substances are called inorganic carbon.

Physical.

With adsorption capacity, activated carbon is a non-polar adsorbent, the main components in addition to carbon, but also contains a small amount of oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur and other elements, as well as water, ash, has good adsorption performance and stable chemical properties, can resist strong acid, strong alkali, can withstand water invasion, high temperature, high pressure and action without being destroyed. Activated carbon has a huge specific surface area and particularly well-developed micropores, it is dominated by physical adsorption, but due to the presence of surface oxides, some chemoselective adsorption is also carried out.

Chemical properties: Carbon is composed of carbon elemental elements, so they all exhibit the same chemical properties of carbon element. It is very stable at room temperature, does not change when exposed to sunlight or contact with moisture, and does not react with general chemical reagents. But at high temperatures, its chemical activity is greatly enhanced, which is manifested in its flammability and reduction.

1. Flammability.

a.Complete combustion in oxygen or air: carbon dioxide is produced and a large amount of heat is released.

b.Insufficient air, incomplete combustion: In addition to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide is produced and exothermic.

2) Reductiveness:

a.Dry charcoal powder and copper oxide are mixed evenly to strengthen the heat.

b.Red-hot carbon reduces carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.

c.Hot-hot carbon reduces water vapor.

There are many kinds of carbon element, graphite, diamond, carbon black, coke, and many kinds, their chemical properties and physical properties are very different, I don't know which one you want.

Physical properties of carbon: insoluble in water, solid, generally black.

Chemical properties. 1. Carbon is stable at room temperature and active at high temperature.

2. Chemical properties of carbon.

1 Flammability of carbon.

Ignite C+O2

C02 (carbon full combustion).

Ignite 2CO2

2C0 (Insufficient Carbon Combustion).

2 Reducibility of carbon (used in metallurgical industry).

There are diamond, graphite, carbon nanotubes, football ene, etc.

Carbon element, except for bone char with a carbon content of about 10%, the rest of the main components are elemental carbon.

Pure, elemental carbon includes diamond, graphite, and C60 (also known as fullerene or football ene), in addition, there are C36, C70, C84, C240, C540, carbon nanotubes, etc.

They are allotropes of carbon. As a mixture, the carbon elemental amorphous carbon includes charcoal, coke, activated carbon, carbon black, bone char and sugar charcoal. Except for bone char, which contains about 10% carbon, the rest of the main components are elemental carbon.

Carbon elemental matter is mainly a substance composed of elemental carbon, and its formation process is as follows:

1.Biomass: Carbon originates from the hydrogen-helium-ammonia cycle after the universe, as well as the remains of plants and burning caves in the biosphere.

On the surface of the earth, biomass is the main source of carbon**, and through photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air, convert carbon dioxide and water into organic molecules such as glucose, and thus convert solar energy into chemical energy.

2.Coal: Large amounts of carbon are compressed into coal through geological processes.

After a plant dies, its remains are broken down by microorganisms to re-release carbon, a process known as the carbon cycle. Coal is the most common fossil fuel on Earth and one of the main sources of energy for human industrial and domestic activities**.

3.Graphite: Graphite is a two-dimensional crystal formed by the stacking of carbon atoms in layers, which has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and is widely used in electronics, semiconductors, aerospace, military and other fields.

Graphite can also be used to make pencil leads, lubricants, antiscalants, refractories, etc.

4.Diamond: Diamond is a three-dimensional crystal formed by carbon atoms through extremely high pressures and temperatures, with the highest hardness, optical refractive index, and thermal conductivity.

Diamond is widely used in electronics, optics, medical and other fields, and is also widely used in gemstone and jewelry leather making.

In summary, elemental carbon formation is achieved through a number of different processes and conditions, including biomass, coal, graphite, and diamond, among others. They play an important role in both nature and industry.

Carbon formation: Occurs inside a star, during a nuclear fusion reaction in a star, and may also be created, for example in a nebula or in a natural event such as a supernova ridge**, or artificially in a laboratory.

1.There is a distributionMineral forms, cycles in nature, formation in stars.

2.AllotropesThe allotropic forms of carbon are mainly divided into three categories: crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, and transition carbon, and the physical properties of different forms of carbon elements are different.

Mold masking

There are three common carbon elements: diamond, graphite, and C60.

The world's most famous diamond source is in southern Africa. Diamonds in this area are often found in the blowouts of extinct volcanoes. It is thought that they are formed slowly at extremely high temperatures and pressures.

The diamonds that are mined do not have the shape and brilliance of gemstones, and they are given their glorious appearance through processes such as cutting and polishing.

Diamond is the hardest material. It is the densest form of carbon and is about twice as dense as water. Its hardness (wear resistance) and density can both be explained by its structure.

Note that each carbon atom forms a tetrahedral orientation with the other four closest neighbors, a type of structure that allows the crystal to have high strength in three-dimensional space. This rigid structure gives hardness to the diamond. The compactness due to the small distance between the atoms gives the diamond an extremely high density.

The covalent reticulated structure of diamond is the reason why it has an extremely high melting point. Since all the valence electrons are used to form covalent bonds, none of them can move freely. This explains why diamond is a non-conductor of electricity.

Due to its extremely high hardness, diamond is used for cutting, drilling, and grinding. Diamond is often used as a durable phono needle.

Natural graphite deposits are found all over the world. The main production areas are South Korea, Austria, North Korea and Russia.

The softness of graphite is almost as well known as the hardness of diamond. It is easily crushed and has a slippery feel. The transverse hail section of graphite crystals is hexagonal (hexagonal) with a density of grams.

Although graphite is a non-metal, it is a fairly good conductor of electricity.

C60 (C60 for short) molecule is a stable molecule formed by the combination of 60 carbon atoms, which resembles a football and is mainly used in materials science, superconductors, etc. It has 60 vertices and 32 faces, of which 12 are regular pentagons and 20 are regular hexagons.

The elemental elements composed of carbon elements include graphite, diamond, and C60.

Diamond has the highest melting point of all elemental elements, reaching 3823k.

The density of graphite is smaller than that of diamond, and the melting point is only 50k lower than that of diamond, which is 3773k.

C60 is a molecule formed from 60 carbon atoms. In the C60 molecule, each carbon atom is connected to three adjacent carbon atoms in a sp2 hybrid orbital, and the remaining one p orbital that does not participate in hybridization forms spherical bonds in the periphery and inner cavity of the C60 spherical shell, thus having aromatic properties.

Pure graphite is used as an electrode, and an electric discharge is made in helium, and the soot generated in the arc is deposited on the inner wall of the water-cooled reactor, and C60 is present in this soot.

For substances of the same type, such as diamond and graphite, there is a technical term in chemistry - "allotrope", which refers to substances composed of the same elements, but with different structures. There are usually two categories: one is that the structure of matter is different, for example, diamond is a spatial three-dimensional configuration, while graphite is a planar layered structure; The other is that the number of atoms that make up the molecule is different, for example, the oxygen molecule is a diatomic molecule, while the ozone molecule is a triatomic molecule.

Allotropes have similar chemical properties because the constituent elements are the same, but the physical properties are usually quite different.