Seeking information on paleontology!!

Paleontology.

Introduction to paleontology.

Paleontology lived in the geological epochs of the earth's history and is now largely extinct. Including ancient plants (reeds, scales, etc.), ancient invertebrates (currency bugs, trilobites, ammonites, etc.), ancient vertebrates (dinosaurs, Archaeopteryx, mammoths, etc.). After the death of paleontology, except for a very small number (such as mammoths in permafrost and insects in amber) that still retain their original tissue structure due to special conditions, the vast majority of them have been filled and alternately petrified by calcification, carbonization, silicification, or other mineralization, forming fossils with only the shape, structure, impression, etc. of the original hard part.

Fossils are preserved in the strata through the action of nature, the remains of paleontology, relics and the remains of their life. Most of them are hard parts such as stems, leaves, shells, and bones, which are filled and alternated by minerals to form calcified, carbonized, silicified, and mineralized biological remains, relics, or impressions that only retain their original shape, structure, and impressions. There are also a few intact remains that have not been altered, such as mammoths in frozen soil, insects in amber, etc.

Fossils are the main object of paleontology.

What is paleontology?

As the name suggests, paleontology is those ancient creatures that have been dead for a long time. So, how do we know about these long-dead ancient creatures?

It turns out that not all paleontology disappeared after death. The remains and relics of many paleontologists are buried in the strata and preserved in the form of fossils.

The evolutionary course of life.

It is these fossils that tell us that life has been on Earth for at least 3.8 billion years. These fossils also tell us that in these 3.8 billion long years, all kinds of organisms have gone through the process of origin, prosperity, decline and extinction, while the entire biological world has undergone an evolutionary process from simple to complex, from low to high.

Mammoth. Mammoths lived in the Quaternary Great Ice Age in the Northern Hemisphere, 3 million years ago 10,000 years ago, generally 5 meters tall, weighed about 10 tons, and lived on grass and shrub leaves. Because of its long hair, it can withstand severe cold, and has always lived in the grasslands and hills of the alpine zone.

When the mammoths lived for 10,000 years ago, they suddenly all went extinct, and the Gongzhi Measurement Succession was surprising, what was the reason for it? Experts have done careful research and found many causes, but they are still caused by both external and internal factors. External Factors:

As the climate warms, mammoths are forced to move northward, their areas of activity are shrinking, and the grassland plants are decreasing, leaving mammoths without enough food and facing the threat of starvation; Internal causes: slow growth rate. In the case of modern elephants, which take 22 months from conception to farrowing, mammoths live in cold regions and are speculated to have a longer pregnancy period.

Under the pursuit of humans and beasts, the survival rate of young elephants is extremely low, and the number of ** killed is closer to modern times, once the balance between their reproduction and death is disrupted, their numbers will inevitably decrease rapidly until extinct.

Trilobite? It's old, isn't it?

Trilobites are ancient arthropods that lived more than 600 million worth 200 million years ago, and at that time they occupied almost the entire ocean, and they were the first in the Paleozoic Era. By the Mesozoic Era, it was completely extinct.

The body shape of the trilobite is flat and wide, and the back is protruding in the middle, and the sides are flattened. There are two longitudinal grooves on the back, which divide the body into three lobes, hence the name.

You say gods and demons? Minimal .........Do bacteria count? Amoebic protozoa?? Hehe, a lot.

The sun ends in the early morning, and it is Gui Zengshao Fa Yu Fa.

The first mass extinction.

At the end of the Ordovician period, 100 million years ago, it was the third largest species extinction event in the history of the planet, with about 85% of species extinction. Paleontologists believe that this extinction was caused by a cooling global climate. About 100 million years ago, the land on which the Sahara is now located was located in Antarctica, and when the land converged near the poles, it was prone to thick ice--- as was the case in the Ordovician period.

Massive glaciers have cooled ocean currents and atmospheric circulation, the temperature of the entire planet has dropped, glaciers have locked in water, sea levels have fallen, and rich coastal ecosystems have been destroyed, leading to the extinction of 85% of species.