How to distinguish between small and medium and long tones

Xiaoling is a kind of loose song in the Yuan Dynasty, which was originally a folk tune, and the Song Dynasty gradually withered in the Yuan Dynasty, and the servants sought a breakthrough from the folk tune. Most of the literati's small orders are more elegant, and the folk small orders are slangy.

Xiaoling is mainly described, and compared with Tang and Song poems, it is popular and vivid, and it does have a unique style and spirit. Generally within 58 words for the small order, but modern scholars mostly abandon the classification by the number of words, "Siku Quanshu General Catalogue" volume 199 quotes the "Class Compilation of Caotang Poetry Yu Summary" said: "The division of the lyricist's small order, middle tone, and long tone begins with this book.

Later, the word spectrum was based on its number of words as a fixed formula, which was a little restrictive, so it was ridiculed by Wanshu's "Word Law". ”

Xiaoling is usually based on a piece of music as an independent unit, but it can be repeated, and the rhyme can be different for each song.

The songs are divided by region, including southern and northern songs; In terms of function, there are loose songs and dramas. There is no white in loose songs, but there is white in operas. The so-called Kebai, that is, action and bin bai.

Loose songs are very different from loose sets and small orders. The loose set is combined with the same palace tone or the same pipe color, and the beginning and end are rhymed; Most of the small orders are only songs, and each song has its own rhyme. There are four types of small orders:

1. Ordinary small orders.

It refers to the song of a single rhyme, which is the simplest in the song, which is equivalent to a poem and a poem. Such as the Yellow Bell Festival is high, and he is a holy pilgrimage.

2. Excerpt tune: refers to the tune extracted from the suite, just like the excerpt in the lyrics, and the tune must be the essence of the suite. For example, the Central Plains rhyme lyrics ten methods attached to the fixed grid forty songs of the wild goose with the victory order, the question bet a pick of the word is.

3. With a song: that is, the author fills in a tune, and the intention is still unfinished, and then continues to play one or two other tunes, and the rhythm is suitable for cohesion. The north belt is like Zhengguan taking off the cloth shirt with Xiaoliangzhou, the south Lu scolding Yulang with the feeling of the emperor's grace and picking tea songs, the south with the south is like the double tone of the Yuan song with the Yuan Ling, and the north and south are also such as the south and the middle Lu red embroidered shoes with the north red embroidered shoes.

Fourth, the collection of songs: that is, the collection of several tones of the bel canto and the cavity board can be connected to a new song, this southern song is prosperous. For example, the nine ileum of Xianlu is the first to set the solution of the three alcohols.

Seventh, the first of the three bachelors to the combination, the urgent three guns and the four to the end. Another kind of collection is to keep a hundred tails in a song and commit other tunes, this is also a southern song for the sheng, such as Xianlu two guilty cinnamon sticks incense is the first to the cinnamon sticks.

Fourth, the four seasons of flowers are four solstice, and the soap robe is five to.

8. Cinnamon sticks are made from nine to the end.

There is no basis for the medium and long tones to be 59 to 90 characters as the middle tone, but because they are peers, they generally follow this statement. Such as "Linjiang Immortal", "a cut plum", "butterfly love flower", "hairpin head phoenix", "fisherman's pride", "green jade case", "Jiangchengzi" and so on.

The small order is within 50 words, and the long tone is within 100 words.

Xiaoling, a kind of word, uses the rhyme of two kinds of word cards, so it is called double tone.