What diseases do disability include, and what are the conditions for applying for a disability certi

Disability refers to the presence of one or more significant functional impairments in the body. Disability often affects normal life, study and work, such as unable to walk on the legs, unable to hold things in the hands, unable to see or hear with eyes, unable to speak, unable to understand, ** no feelings, or mentally retarded, mentally and emotionally or even behaviorally abnormal, so that it is unable to live independently and participate in social activities. Common disabilities are as follows:

1) Physical disability: such as various paralysis (hemiplegia, paraplegia, quadriplegia, etc.), limb deformity, limb loss, and more severe arthritis.

2) Visual disability: such as blindness, low vision.

3) Hearing impairment: e.g. deafness, hard of hearing.

4) Speech disability: such as muteness, aphasia, etc.

5) Intellectual disability: e.g. mental retardation, dementia.

6) Mental disability: e.g. mental illness.

7) Other disabilities: such as cardiopulmonary disability (more severe heart disease, emphysema, etc.).

8) Multiple disabilities: refers to the combination of several different disabilities.

According to different classification criteria, disability can also be divided into severe and mild disability, as well as temporary and permanent disability, etc. Depending on the level of economic and social development, countries have different scales of disability standards. The disability standards in our country are set by ***.

The "Disability Standards", approved in October 1986, are the basic basis for assessing persons with disabilities in China. In addition, the standards for disabled servicemen formulated by relevant departments, the standards for the recruitment of disabled persons by welfare enterprises, and the standards for disability caused by work-related injuries are also effective within a certain range.

There are several types of disabilities: visual disabilities, hearing disabilities, speech disabilities, physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, mental disabilities, and multiple disabilities.

Visual disability: The legal visual disability in China is that the best corrected visual acuity of the superior eye is less than the exclusion or the radius of the visual field is less than 10°.

Speech disability: speech impairment due to various reasons (not healed after more than one year), and unable to carry out normal speech communication activities.

Multiple disabilities: Refers to an individual having two or more disabilities at the same time.

Legal analysis: 1. Visual disability refers to those who have binocular vision impairment or narrowing of the visual field due to various reasons, and cannot recover their visual function through various drugs, surgeries and other diseases, so that they cannot carry out work, study or other activities that ordinary people can engage in;

2. Hearing disability refers to varying degrees of hearing loss in both ears due to various reasons, unable to hear or unable to hear the surrounding environment and speech sounds;

3. Speech disability refers to speech impairment caused by various reasons, and the inability to carry out normal speech communication activities;

4. Intellectual disability refers to a person's intelligence that is significantly lower than that of the general person, and shows an adaptive behavior disorder;

5. Physical disability refers to the motor dysfunction of the human body caused by physical disability, deformity and paralysis;

6. Mental disability refers to the illness of a mentally ill person that lasts for more than one year and does not heal, and at the same time causes a certain degree of obstacle to his or her due diligence to the family and society.

Legal basis: "Measures of the People's Republic of China for the Administration of Certificates for Persons with Disabilities" Article 3 The application for certificates for persons with disabilities adheres to the principles of voluntary and territorial management. Any person with a visual, hearing, speech, physical, intellectual, psychiatric or multiple disability who meets the criteria for disability can apply for a disability certificate.

Disability classification

According to different disabilities, they are divided into visual disabilities, hearing disabilities, speech disabilities, physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, mental disabilities and multiple disabilities.

1. Visual impairment

Various reasons lead to low and uncorrectable binocular vision or reduced visual field in both eyes, which affects their daily life and social participation. Visual impairment includes blindness and low vision.

2. Hearing impairment

Permanent hearing impairment in both ears of varying degrees is caused by various reasons, and the inability to hear or inaudible ambient sounds and speech sounds affect their daily life and social participation.

3. Speech disability

Different degrees of speech and language impairment caused by various reasons, which do not heal for more than one year or the course of the disease lasts for more than two years, and they are unable or difficult to carry out normal speech communication activities, thus affecting their daily life and social participation.

Includes:Aphasia, motor dysarthria, organic dysarthria, voice disorder, speech retardation in children, speech impairment due to hearing impairment, stuttering, etc.

Note: Under 3 years old is indefinitely disabled.

4. Physical disability

The loss of limbs or paralysis (paralysis) and deformity of limbs and trunk caused by structural and functional impairments of the human locomotor system, resulting in varying degrees of loss of human motor function and limitation of activity or participation.

Physical disability mainly includes:

a) Loss, deformity or dysfunction of the upper or lower limbs due to injury, illness or developmental abnormalities;

b) Deformity or dysfunction of the spine due to injury, illness or dysplasia;

c) Dysfunction of the trunk or limbs due to injury, illness or abnormal development of the central and peripheral nerves.

5. Intellectual disability

Intelligence is significantly lower than that of the general population, and is accompanied by impairment in adaptive behavior. This type of disability is due to structural and functional impairments of the nervous system, which limit individual activities and participation, and require comprehensive, extensive, limited and intermittent support from the environment.

Intellectual disabilities include:During the period of mental development (before the age of 18), mental insufficiency or mental retardation due to various harmful factors; or after the development of intelligence, due to various harmful factors leading to intellectual impairment or obvious decline of intelligence.

6. Mental disability

Various mental disorders persist for more than one year and are affected by cognitive, emotional and behavioural disorders that affect their daily life and social participation.

7. Multiple disabilities

Presence of two or more disabilities at the same time in visual, hearing, speech, physical, intellectual, and psychiatric disabilities.