How to measure the distance of celestial bodies to the Earth, the distance between celestial bodies?

With a laser, the distance can be calculated by calculating the time to go back and forth.

Human beings scientifically measure the distance of various celestial bodies from the earth, using the method of radar wave detection.

1.According to scientists' calculations, we humans can see the farthest luminous object with the naked eye, which is a galaxy 2 million light-years away from Earth.

Humans can observe it with the naked eye because it is very large and bright. Of course, there is a premise for observing it, and that is that it must be on a sunny night. In the vast universe, there are many supergalaxies of different sizes, and even super black holes with a diameter of 100 million light-years.

Currently, the longest distance that humans can observe through instruments is 46.5 billion light-years. Scientists often use it to study the early evolution of the universe or to model the evolution of the universe.

2.Because the rotation period of each planet can be observed with the naked eye, the proportion of the distance between the different planets and the Sun can be determined. Therefore, as long as you know the distance between any planet and the Sun, you can know the distance between other planets and the Sun.

If we observe the transit of Venus at two very distant points on Earth, we will find that its projection position on the Sun is different, hence the observer.

The line of sight will be culminated in Venus, forming an opposing apical branch cherry blossom on the side of the Sun and Earth.

type supernova. Eruptions are the best measuring scales. A type IA supernova explosion is a high-quality white dwarf star when it reaches the upper limit of its stability.

Intense**. There is nothing left of it, and all of it will be broken and thrown into the universe, releasing a dazzling light. Because this supernovae were white dwarfs at the upper limit of mass before the explosion, with similar mass, there is also a clear photo-variation relationship and can also be used as a standard candle to measure the distances of very distant galaxies.

4.When the moon.

When part of the food happens, the Earth's shadow falls on the Moon! Now that we know the size of the Earth, the distance of the Moon from the Earth is very, very close to the Sun, so we know that the shadow of the Moon is actually similar to the actual size of the Earth. This way, you can calculate the relative size of the shadow of the moon and the earth, and you will know the size of the moon.

Measure the parallax by raising the thumb to keep a certain distance from the arm, while first observing with one eye and then with the other eye, and then measuring the distance between the two positions of the object according to the parallax; Generally, the three-acre angle ranging method is used.

People use certain tools to help measure distances; The radar method, Kepler's law, trigonometric parallax method, spectroscopic method, and variable star method are used.

The main method is to use stellar parallax or triangular parallax to estimate the distance of nearby objects in space. It is the stellar parallax or triangular parallax chain ascending cavity method.

For the distance from the sun to the earth, it began with the thinkers of ancient hope, and the methods of measurement in the past dynasties are also very different, mainly in the following ways:

Ancient Greek thinkers first began to conceive models of the universe, one of which was the distance between the sun and the earth, when scientists judged the distance between the sun and us by observing it with the naked eye. For example, during a solar eclipse, the moon almost completely covers the sun, and the distance between the sun and the earth can be estimated through visual observation and simple calculation, but the sun is too bright, resulting in a large error in such observation calculations.

In the middle of the 2nd century B.C., Greek astronomers began to use the parallax method to observe celestial distances, that is, from two different angles, the first application was the distance between the earth and the moon, because the parallax will form a triangle, through the trigonometric function can solve the distance between the earth and the moon, but this method can hardly obtain the true value, because if the angle is wrong, the error will be multiplied at such a large distance.

In the 18th century, our understanding of science began to take off, and the discoveries of Kepler and Newton led us to find a new way to measure the distance between the Sun and Earth. Scientists have found that the sun-to-earth distance can be calculated by using the transit of Venus, that is, Venus passes through the sun's disk, through the study of Captain James Cook's observation of the transit of Venus on the island of Tahiti in 1769, and the observation of the transit in 1761, the French astronomer Lalande collected all the data to calculate the distance between the sun and the earth, and for the first time accurately gave the value of the distance between the sun and the earth: 100 million kilometers, which is very close to the current 100 million kilometers, and the error is controlled within 3%.

In 2012, we used the transit of Venus again to calculate a more accurate distance between the Sun and the Earth, which is 149,597,870,700 meters, using more advanced observation techniques.

Triangulation (also known as parallax).The Earth orbits the Sun along an orbit with a diameter of about 300 million kilometers. Astronomers can observe a star one day and then look at the same star six months later, and find a difference in the perspective of the two star observations.

Using a very simple trigonometry principle, the distance from the star to the Earth can be calculated according to different perspectives. This method is suitable for calculating stars within 400 light-years of Earth.

There is no direct measurement of stars 400 light-years away from Earth, so astronomers have turned to photometry, which is based on the Doppler effect.

Measuring the distance from the earth to the sun is very simple, there are several ways to measure the distance between the sun and the earth, one is to use the transit of Venus (that is, the sun, Venus and the earth are just in a straight line), that is, a radar wave is sent from the earth, hit Venus, and then reflect back from Venus. Another way is to use asteroids to measure the distance between the sun and the Earth.