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Analysis: Hittite Empire (early 14th century BC 12th century BC) Hittite Empire

Ancient slave states in Western Asia. It was formed by the development and expansion of the ancient Hittite kingdom. The capital is the city of Hatushash.

Tudarias II, the founder of the Hittite Empire, attacked and destroyed the city of Harpa, signaling the beginning of the Hittite revival. c. 1380 BC, succeeded by Supilulius I. After perfecting the defenses of the capital city of Hatushash, he launched a war against Mitanni, recovered the city of Isua, and then captured its capital city of Vasuqani, destroying the kingdom of Mitanni.

Around 1370 B.C., parts of central Syria came under the Hittite territory. After that, Supilulius I marched south and captured the city of Kakhmez, completing the conquest of Syria. After the accession to the throne of Mursilis II, the youngest son of Supilulius I, he conquered the east and west, and established a veritable empire after reigning for 28 years.

During the reign of his successor, Seti I of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt, re-entered Palestine and advanced into Kadesh-sur-Oronte to confront the Hittites. After the accession of Ramses II, the Battle of Kadesh (c. 1300 BC) took place, in which the Hittites won and Mursilis II advanced to Damascus. During the reign of Hatusilis III, Assyrian power grew, and the Hittites began to approach Egypt.

Around 1283 BCE, a peace treaty was concluded with Ramses II, in which Egypt recognized Hittite control over Syria, and relations between the two sides were stabilized. During the reign of Hatusillis III, the Hittite Empire was relatively stable and prosperous. He built the capital of Hatushash, organized and copied state archives, and reformed the law.

His successor, Tudarias IV, expanded the scope of the reforms and made certain improvements to the religious system. After Hartusillis III, the signs of the decline of the Hittites became more apparent, the phenomenon of slave exodus became more serious, and the revolt of the inhabitants of the conquered territories intensified. Arnuvanda III made another expedition against the rebellious city-state of Azava.

At the end of the 13th century BC, maritime peoples invaded from the Bosphorus, leading to the collapse of the empire in the 12th century BC. The remnants of the small Hittite city-states were destroyed by Assyria in the 8th century BC.

The Hittite Empire's slavery system developed greatly, and frequent foreign wars caused a large number of prisoners of war and slaves to flow into the Hittite, which promoted the development of the Great Slavery Economy. During the Hittite Empire, agriculture and animal husbandry were relatively developed, and bronze plows and sickles were commonly used. Silver, copper, and lead ore have been mined in large quantities, and the mining and use of iron has been mastered, and other civilized worlds have been used for it.

**Developed. The political system of the Hittite Empire was a centralized empire. The king is the supreme ruler who oversees military, administrative, diplomatic, judicial, and religious powers.

The sun "became the king's title." The king was revered as a god after his death.

The Hittite Empire is pronounced as [hè,tī,dì,guó].

The Hittie Empire (17th-8th century BC) was a slave state in Asia Minor, founded by La Barnas, with its capital at Kuqisal and then moved to Hatusha, the predecessor of Turkey.

The Hittite Empire, which reached its peak in the 14th century BC and was later destroyed by the Assyrian Empire, was the first country in Western Asia to invent iron smelting and use iron tools.

Agriculture in the Hittite kingdom has become a major production sector. Metal smelting has reached a very high level. According to the literature, the Hittites were the first to invent iron-making technology.

The ancient kingdom of the Hittite was a confederation of city-states centered on Hatushashh. The king is elected by the nobility, and the succession to the throne must be recognized by the Council of Nobles.

The king assigned the conquered lands to the princes, and the conquered natives were either relocated elsewhere or remained in place to become Hittite agricultural slaves. Slaves in general were regarded as the property of the slave owner, and prisoners of war were the main ** of slaves.

Introduction to the Hittite Empire:

The Hittite Empire, also translated as the Western Tai Empire, or transliterated as Hitato, Bitai.

The Hittite Empire and the Hittite states of the Egyptian Empire were formed around the middle of the 19th century BC as small states, and then formed an alliance centered on Hatusa (present-day Pogakos) and gradually became unified. The Hittites grew stronger in the later years of ancient Babylon, often invading the valley of the two rivers, and the largest invasion occurred in the early 16th century BC, when the Hittite army captured the city of Babylon and defeated the ancient Babylonian kingdom.

In the second half of the 16th century BCE, the Hittite king Tirepin carried out reforms, and he established the law of succession to the throne, that is, the eldest son is given priority, and no eldest son goes to the second son, and no son goes to the son-in-law. At the same time, it was stipulated that disputes within the royal family should be resolved by the Pencus Council, and that the king should not arbitrarily kill his brothers and sisters, and if he was found guilty, he would only be held responsible, and his family members should not be held together. As a result of the reforms, the Hittite kingship was consolidated and the kingdom grew stronger.

The late 15th century BC to the middle of the 13th century BC was the period when the Hittites were at their most powerful, and it was the period of the New Kingdom in Hittite history.

Kusar dynasty.

Pitanna First half of the 18th century BC The first known king Anita of the mid-18th century BC.

Rulers whose names have been lost.

Rabarna I, 1680-1650 BC.

Khatusili I 1650-1620 BC i.e. Rabarna II Mursili I 1620-1590 BC.

Telippinus dynasty.

Khantieri I, 1590-1560 BC.

Zidanta I, 1560-1550 BC.

Amona 1550-1530 BC.

Huzia I, 1530-1525 BC.

Tieleping, 1525-1500 BC.

Some researchers believe that there are no of the following 6 people.

Aruvana. Tahurwairi.

Hantieri II.

Zidanta II.

Huzia II.

The order of the first 4 rulers of Muvatari I cannot be determined.

Hattusha.

Tuthari I, 1430-1410 BC.

Hattulsili II 1410-1400 BC There may not be such a person, Tuthali II 1400-1390 BC.

Arnuvan I, 1390-1380 BC.

Tuthari III 1380-1370 BC.

Supiluriuma I, 1370-1330 BC (or 1358-1323 BC).

Arnuvan II (1330 or 1323 BC) – 1322 BC Mursiri II 1330 BC – 1295 BC or 1322 BC – 1285 BC Muwatari II 1295 BC - 1282 BC or 1285 BC - 1273 BC Urchitaishup 1282 BC - 1275 BC or 1273 BC - 1266 BC Mursili III.

Hattusili III 1275 BC - 1245 BC or 1266 BC - 1236 BC.

Tuthari IV 1245 BC - 1215 BC or 1236 BC - 1220 BC Arnuwan III 1215 BC - 1210 BC or 1220 BC - 1218 BC Supiluriuma II (1210 or 1218 BC) - 1200 BC <>

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Slave countries in Asia Minor. In the 19th century BC, the Hittite state appeared, and in the 17th century BC, La Barnas founded the Hittite Empire. It reached its peak around the 14th century BC.

The capital was first in Al Usar and then moved to Hatusha. It collapsed in the 12th century BC, and in the 8th century BC, the remnants of the power were destroyed by the Assyrian Empire.