How to develop creative thinking and critical thinking

7 Ways to Develop Critical Thinking.

The Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking: Theory and Practice.

1. Definition of the concept.

Critical thinking, in layman's terms, is thinking critically. According to Ennis's definition, critical thinking refers to rational, reflective thinking that aims to determine our beliefs and actions. Innovation, according to the Modern Chinese Dictionary, is "to put aside the old and create the new."

198 Aristotle defined "innovation" as "the production of something that has never been done before." At present, there are many definitions of innovation, and I will not list them all here.

Innovation is inseparable from the subject of innovation, and the subject of innovation can be an individual, a group, a nation, a country or even the whole human race. The innovation discussed in this article is a narrow concept, emphasizing that the subject of innovation is the individual. We define innovation as an activity that is initiated, engaged, and realized by an individual that produces new results of social value.

Innovative personality, innovative thinking, and innovative ability are important components of innovation.

In the following, we mainly start from the relationship between the concepts of critical thinking attitude and innovative personality, critical thinking and innovative thinking, and critical thinking ability and innovation ability, to learn the close relationship between critical thinking and innovation.

2. Critical thinking attitude and innovative personality.

The critical thinking attitude is the attitude of the critical thinker, "which refers to a habit-forming desire and intellectual qualities that are centered on the spirit of truth-seeking, impartiality, and reflection."

30 Some scholars refer to critical thinking attitudes as critical thinking tendencies or critical thinking temperaments. It is generally believed that the intellectual qualities that a mature critical thinker should possess include: intellectual modesty, intellectual courage, intellectual autonomy, intellectual empathy, intellectual honesty, intellectual persistence, belief in reason, and mental justice.

A person must have a strong sense of critical thinking, accurately grasp the standards of critical thinking, and constantly improve critical thinking skills, and must also continue to cultivate a critical thinking personality.

1) Independence. Personal judgment is not affected by the external environment, can boldly question, is good at discovering and raising questions, does not blindly believe in authority, does not follow the crowd, and has the ability to think independently and independently. Independence is the primary condition for the cultivation of innovative spirit and innovation ability, and it is also the beginning of critical thinking.

2) Legitimacy. To have the courage to reject unreliable beliefs, to believe that a piece of information and knowledge must have evidence, to support beliefs with true and reliable evidence, and that evidence must be strong in supporting beliefs. (3) Open-mindedness.

Overcome narrow-mindedness, be good at understanding the thoughts of others (such as foreigners or even people with different worldviews and values) on things and problems, make less subjective judgments, and actively share their own ideas with others and fully demonstrate; Be good at thinking about problems from all angles, that is, be good at thinking about all the possibilities of things; Everyone has the right to express their opinions, and we ourselves need to respect the opinions of others.

4) Self-confidence. Believe in your own thinking skills; Believe in your own ability to choose, judge and make decisions. In long-term actions, establish a good position and image of yourself among those around you or your peers.

5) Curiosity. Be good at enriching your life by researching and learning new things, when facing an important decision, try to collect all relevant information, look forward to and have the courage to face challenging things, develop the habit of thinking about problems, learning new knowledge, and strive to solve various problems.

6) Cognitive maturity. I believe that the best argument never comes from momentary feelings, and that personal disagreement is necessarily the truth; The cost of money, time, energy, etc., is not necessarily proportional to the good opinion obtained; Insist on having an open mind and be able to judge the truth from the false; The essence of things and phenomena are not necessarily the same, and we must be able to understand the essence through phenomena.

7) Predictability. Refuse to act blindly and take the initiative to act. Think carefully about the cause of the problem, whether it is a direct, indirect, or root cause.

On this basis, a solution to the problem is proposed. (8) Reflective attitude. We should also deeply reflect on and judge our own views and behaviors, neither lose confidence and lose confidence because of our self-esteem, nor be blindly confident and stubborn, and be ready to adjust and correct our own views and behaviors at any time.

9) Impartiality. Overcome self-centeredness, have an open spirit, refuse to be complacent, be good at listening to others' opinions, and respect others' choices; Learn to empathize and even think from your opponent's point of view to make sure you make fair judgments.

10) Responsibility and sense of mission. Be able to consciously take the initiative to do all the beneficial things and solve social problems.

We must have the courage to question, have our own way of expressing our opinions, have the ability to put forward reasonable suggestions, consider the feelings of others, know how to criticize more easily accepted by others, be more conducive to solving problems, master the skills of criticism, criticism is only for the thing itself, not for the attack and criticism of people, and it is necessary to have a certain degree of constructiveness.

To develop critical thinking, it is necessary to observe and think about a problem or thing from multiple perspectives.

7 Ways to Develop Critical Thinking.

Exercising critical thinking starts with asking questions. Being able to ask questions and knowing how to ask questions is the initiation of critical thinking. There are also patterns and methods for asking questions, and the 6 question method is a set of very easy to use question patterns.

1. WHO, who said that.

Who is the person who speaks, is it a celebrity, an authoritative expert, an acquaintance, a relative, ......Do his words matter?

2. What, what was said.

What he said, whether he said facts or opinions, facts can be verified, and opinions express emotions and beliefs, which do not need to be confirmed.

3. Where, where did you say it?

When he said this, he said it in **, in public, or in private.

4. When, when did you say it.

Whether it was said beforehand, during the event, or after the fact. Generally speaking, what is said in advance is the most credible, and what is said afterwards is generally to shirk responsibility.

5. Why, why do you say this?

The person who speaks, what is the purpose of saying this, is there any basis for what he is saying, he is trying to glorify or scandalize some people or things.

6. How, what did he say.

When he said it, he was happy, sad, angry, and genuinely ......Whether it is spoken or written.

The Role of Critical Thinking:

1. Critical thinking helps to find problems, we should often use another way to discuss the ways and methods of our own lives, reflect before going to bed, and think about whether our life today is meaningful. Asking good questions, halfway through the experiment, science originates from problems, critical thinking helps to conceive multiple solutions, divergent thinking: brainstorming and Osborne's law.

2. Critical thinking helps to cultivate producers and creators of ideas and knowledge, not just users and consumers of ideas and knowledge, thereby promoting the development and progress of human civilization.

3. Critical thinking helps to cultivate the habit of public reasoning and establish the logic of public discourse, so as to continuously rationalize people and society. It tells us how to be reasonable, how to identify others, and sometimes how we ourselves are unreasonable, and how to refute this unreasonableness.

The methods of critical thinking in the Peijian Hall are as follows:

1. Start early. Kindergarten children may not be ready for a formal logic lesson, but they can be taught the reasons for their conclusions, and they can be taught to evaluate the reasons given by others.

2. Avoid pushing dogma. When we tell children to do things a certain way, we should give reasons.

3. Encourage your child to ask questions. Parents and teachers should nurture their children's curiosity. If the reason does not make sense to the child, she should be encouraged to raise objections or difficulties.

4. Ask your child to consider multiple explanations and solutions. It's good to get the right answer. However, there is more than one solution to many problems. Children may become more flexible when they consider multiple solutions.

5. Ask your child to clarify the meaning. Children should practice writing in their own words (while keeping meaning intact), and children should be encouraged to make meaningful distinctions.

6. Talk about bias. Even third-graders can understand how emotions, motivations, and even our desires can affect our judgment.

There are two main ways to develop critical thinking skills:

The first is curriculum training, including specialized critical thinking courses or regular courses that implement the spirit of critical thinking. At present, there are not too many colleges and universities in China that offer specialized critical thinking courses, and more of them are carried out through mathematics and science courses or logic.

The second is self-training, which allows college students to consciously train and improve their critical thinking skills through the use of relevant knowledge and tools in daily life and social practice. This article focuses on the second approach.

First, at the attitude level, choose critical thinking concepts and attitudes. In daily life, the lack of critical thinking and rational skepticism and reflective attitudes are important sources of our unsatisfactory thinking and argumentation.

If you think you're born a fool, or that your sanity has developed to the point where you don't need to improve, you're not going to be a good critical thinker. To cultivate good thinking qualities and improve critical thinking skills, we must start by choosing the concepts and attitudes of critical thinking.

Second, at the level of knowledge, master the principled knowledge of critical thinking. Developing and training critical thinking skills requires mastery of a set of critical criteria for evaluating arguments, including criteria for assessing the appropriateness of the questions asked, the justification of the reasons given, and the strength of the reasoning made.

An accurate understanding of an argument requires a grasp of the logic associated with statements, questions, concepts, and reasoning, and a proper evaluation of an argument requires not only a set of critical criteria for evaluating the quality of an argument, but also knowledge of the fallacies of the argument.

Third, at the practical level, adhere to long-term training and practical application. Generally speaking, the training of any kind of ability is inseparable from long-term training, and critical thinking ability is no exception.