What is Gongsun Long s Lijian Bai and White Horse Non Horse ?

According to the Hubei vernacular, there are seven birds on the board, and they chew crookedly.

Gongsun Long's white horse is not a horse.

The error of this theory lies in the separation of the relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions, which reflects a special state of interaction and mutual influence between things, and "contradictions" are not things or entities, but essentially belong to the attribute relations of things.

This kind of attribute relationship is a special relationship between things, and this special relationship is "opposite", and it is precisely because of this "opposite" relationship between things that they can constitute contradictions. Broadly speaking: if two things must exist when one does not exist and the other must exist, then there is a contradiction between the two things.

He is deliberately misleading us here, and all the inferences of Gongsun are based on the fact that "a white horse is a horse", which means that a white horse is a horse, that is, a white horse is equivalent to a horse, and therefore a white horse is not a horse. However, we often say that small things are big things in life, in fact, many times the expression is a kind of subordinate meaning, such as I am a person, I am a student, I am a man, etc., all of which mean belonging, not equal.

It should be a kind of horse, but his words have other meanings, so it's not that it's wrong, it's just that it has other meanings.

A white horse is also a type of horse. But there are other implications to his argument that can be philosophically valid.

The white horse is actually a type of horse. But what he said about Ma Fei Ma is not wrong, because everything has its particularity and universality.

It is a type of horse, and he said the two words separately, white refers to color, and horse refers to all kinds of horses, and there is no color difference.

Gu Long said: A girlfriend is not a friend!

Answer]: B Gongsun Long said: "The horse, so the form of life is also; The source of the white one, so the color of life also.

The life of the hail sail is not the life of the young worker, so the white horse is not the horse. Meaning, "white" refers to the color of the horse, and "horse" refers to the shape of the horse. "White" is the color of the horse, not the shape of the horse, so the two concepts of "white" and "horse" together do not mean "horse".

This proposition pays attention to the relationship between concrete and abstract, individual and general, special and universal, individual and common, but severs the relationship between the two. Therefore, choose B.

It's actually quite simple.

It's like saying a tongue twister.

Gongsun Long said that the white horse is not a horse, because it has a white on it, saying that the horse is a shape, and white is a color, and when I say my white horse, I only emphasize white, then I will say that I am a white thing and not a horse.

The so-called transformation of the focus before and after, putting aside the pure word play behind the real environment, if you still think about horses when debating the question of white horses and non-horses, then you are definitely not Gongsun Long's opponent.

Zhuangzi played this game.

Huizi and Zhuangzi debated, saying that people have the relationship between affection and form, and then they went around between these three points, and then Zhuangzi said:

The shape of the sky and the Son, the Son sings with a strong white.

This is a mockery of Hui Shi, saying that God gave you a form, but here you bark like a donkey.

This kind of argument is completely detached from reality and has no meaning at all.

This is a metaphysical point of view, which separates the connection of things, he believes that the white horse is just a white horse, and the horse refers to the general term of all horses, in fact, the white horse has all the attributes of a horse, and the white horse is also a horse, but it is a white horse, and white is his particularity.

Because he2 is all this boring stuff.

A horse is a general term for an animal.

A white horse refers to a white horse.

Of course, the two refer to different things.

1. In terms of meaning, "horse" refers to an animal, "white" refers to a color, and "white horse" refers to an animal with a color at the same time. The meaning of the three is different, so the white horse is not a horse.

2. The extension and connotation of "horse" and "white horse" are different. "Horse" means all horses, regardless of color. And the "white horse" only includes the white horse, and the two have a corresponding color difference, the horse includes the white horse, so the white horse is not a horse.

White horses are not horses is one of the issues debated and ** by many philosophers, especially pre-Qin philosophers. Words out of Gongsun Long.

White horses are not horses is sophistry.

His plagiarism suddenly seemed to make sense, and he wanted to use du

Something that is defined by two features should not be the same as something that can be defined with a single DAO feature. However, people have always thought that "a white horse is a horse", just as "a black cat is a cat", "a woman is a man" and "an apple is a fruit", and it is impossible to read this story that a white horse is not a horse. If Gongsun Long's theory is correct, then it is not a yellow dog that is not a dog, an apple is not a fruit, and even blacks, whites, men, women, and children are not people.

What exactly is the problem?

From the point of view of set theory, the concept of a horse can be seen as a set of all horses. The concept of a white horse can be seen as a collection of all white horses. The phrase "a white horse is a horse" can be interpreted in two ways:

1.The concept of a white horse is equivalent to the concept of a horse. That is, the set of white horses and the set of horses are equal.

2.The concept of the white horse is subordinate to the concept of the horse. Every white horse is a horse. That is, the set of white horses is a subset of the set of horses.

The concepts of a white horse and a horse are different. In this sense, "white horses are not horses". But the white horse is indeed a subset of horses, that is, the white horse belongs to a type of horse. So "a white horse is a horse". Gongsun Long cleverly exploited the ambiguity of the phrase "a white horse is a horse".

It separates the connection between the particularity (individuality) and the universality (generality) of the contradictions of things. "White horses are not horses", he denies the universality of things. The chapter on the contradiction of Marxist materialist dialectics holds that universality is contained in particularity, and particularity is inseparable from universality.

The mistake lies in defining things in narrow terms, and simply refuting the wrong answer in a one-to-one definition.

This should be the dialectic of the connection between the particularity and the universality of things.