What are the 8 types of nucleotides and what are the bases?

Nucleotides are adenine deoxynucleotide, guanine deoxynucleotide, cytosine deoxynucleotide, thymine deoxynucleotide, and adenine ribonucleotide, guanine ribonucleotide, cytosine ribonucleotide, uracil ribonucleotide which make up the RNA molecule.

There are four bases that make up DNA: A, T, C, G; There are also four bases that make up RNA: A, U, C, G.

Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid, and are the precursors of nucleic acid synthesis in vivo. Nucleotides are distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of various organs, tissues and cells in organisms along with nucleic acids, and participate in basic life activities such as genetics, development and growth as components of nucleic acids.

There are also a considerable number of nucleotides present in free form in living organisms. Adenosine triphosphate plays a major role in cellular energy metabolism.

Extended Information: Nucleotides are the basic structural units of nucleic acids, and nucleotides in the human body are mainly synthesized by the cells of the organism themselves. Nucleotides are widely distributed in the body.

It is mainly found in the form of 5-nucleotides in cells. The concentration of ribonucleotides in cells far exceeds that of deoxyribonucleotides. The content of various nucleotides varies greatly in different types of cells, and in the same cell, there are also differences in the content of various nucleotides, and the total amount of nucleotides does not change much.

Both purines and pyrimidines have a ketone-enol tautomeric phenomenon, which is ketone under general physiological pH conditions.

AGCT(U) The arrangement of the four bases in DNA follows the principle of base complementarity.

Some nucleic acids contain modified bases (or rare bases), most of which are derivatives formed by methylation or other chemical modifications at different parts of the purine or pyrimidine bases. For example, some DNA molecules contain 5-methylcytosine (M5C) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (HM5C). Some RNA molecules contain 1-methyladenine (M1A), 2-dimethylguanine (M22g), and 5,6-dihydrouracil (DHU), among others.

Depending on the sugar, there are two types of nucleotides: ribonucleotides and deoxynucleotides. Depending on the base, there are adenine nucleotides (adenylate, AMP), guanine nucleotides (guanylate, GMP), cytosine nucleotides (cytidylate, CMP), uracil nucleotides (uridylate, UMP), thymine nucleotides (thymidylate, TMP) and hypoxanthine nucleotides (inosinate, IMP).

The nucleic acid package includes DNA and RNA, which constitute the bases of the two nucleic acids.

There are five types: A, Si T , C , G, and U

There are 8 types of nucleotides, of which four make up DNA: adenine deoxynucleotide.

guanine deoxynucleotide, cytosine deoxynucleotide, thymine deoxynucleotide; There are four types of nucleotides that make up RNA: adenine ribonucleotide, guanine ribonucleotide, cytosine ribonucleotide, uracil ribonucleotide.

Therefore, there are 5 bases and 8 nucleotides that make up nucleic acids.

Deoxyribonucleotide C

Deoxyribonucleoside sensitive touch acid t

Deoxyribonucleotide G

Ribonucleotide A

Ribonucleotide repentant hail c

Ribonucleotide T

Ribonucleotide g base base refers to the derivatives of purines and pyrimidines and is a component of nucleic acids, nucleosides, and nucleotides. The main bases of DNA and RNA are slightly different, and the important differences are: thymine is the main pyrimidine base of DNA and is extremely rare in RNA; In contrast, uracil is the main pyrimidine base of RNA and is rare in DNA.

In addition to the major bases, there are also some rare bases in nucleic acids that are very small. The structure of rare bases is diverse, and most of them are methyl derivatives of major bases. tRNA tends to contain more rare bases, and some tRNA contains up to 10 rare bases

Purine and pyrimidine bases are near-planar molecules that are relatively insoluble in water: they have strong absorption in the ultraviolet region of about 260 nanometers.

Base: Adenine.

a) guanine (g) cytosine (c) uracil (u).

Nucleotides: adenine ribonucleotide, guanine ribonucleotide, cytosine pyrimidine ribonucleoside, uracil ribonucleotide, adenine deoxyribonucleotide.

Guanine deoxyribonucleotide, cytosine deoxyribonucleotide, thymine deprilification oxyribonucleotide.

Adenine (Antine A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C). Together, they form deoxyribonucleic acid, commonly known as DNA, which carries the genetic information necessary for the synthesis of RNA and proteins, and is an indispensable biological macromolecule for the development and normal functioning of organisms.

In the DNA molecular structure, two polydeoxynucleotide chains are coiled around a common central axis, forming a double helix structure. The deoxyribose-phosphate chain is on the outside of the helix structure with the bases facing the inside. The two polydeoxynucleotide chains are complementary in reverse and are connected by base pairs formed by hydrogen bonds between the bases, forming a fairly stable combination.

There are 4 bases in DNA: A, T, G, C, which correspond to 4 nucleotides.

There are 5 bases in nucleic acids, 8 nucleotides, 4 deoxynucleotides, and 4 ribonucleotides.

First, the nature is different.

1. Base: nitrogenous compounds that form nucleosides.

2. Nucleotides: compounds composed of purine base or pyrimidine base, ribose or deoxyribose sugar and phosphoric acid.

Second, the synthesis is different.

1. Base synthesis: A base is the basic unit of synthesis of nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

2. Nucleotide synthesis: nucleotides are the basic building blocks of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid.

Third, the functions are different.

1. Base collapse function:

1) The bases are mostly derivatives formed by the methylation or other chemical modifications of different parts of the purine or pyrimidine bases mentioned above.

2) In medicine, there are several nucleoside analogues that are used as anticancer and antiviral drugs. Viral polymerases will macro-bind these compounds to non-major bases. The nucleoside analogues taken by the patient enter the body, are converted into nucleotides and activated in the cells.

2. Nucleotide function:

1) Nucleotides play an extremely important role in cellular energy metabolism.

2) Nucleotides also transfer high-energy phosphate bonds to UDP, CDP and GDP to generate UTP, CTP and GTP.

3) Nucleotides play a regulatory role in many fundamental biological processes. The basic building blocks of all living organisms play a leading role in the growth, development, reproduction, and genetics of living organisms.