Who knows the main content of Aristotle s Metaphysics?

It's like an ontological book.

The Greek word for "metaphysics" originally meant "after physics." "After Physics" comes from the Later Chapters of Physics, which is the name given when Aristotle's lectures at different times were compiled into anthologies. The "Latter Chapters of Physics" consists of 14 volumes, mainly dealing with the basic theories of philosophy.

Aristotle himself did not use the term "metaphysics", but he called the theory of the origin of the universe the "first philosophy," sometimes called theology. Aristotle's first sentence in Metaphysics is that "man is by nature knowledge-seeking", and then explains that the knowledge that people pursue is from the lower to the higher, from the sense to the intellect, from the individual and concrete objects to the universal and abstract objects, and finally to the highest knowledge, with the highest and most universal principles as the object, that is, the so-called "first philosophy" and "theology". Although there have been many interpretations of "after physics" in later generations, today the term has conventionally become a term for the study of the fundamental problems of the universe.

The Chinese translation of the word "metaphysics" comes from the Book of Changes: "The metaphysical is the way, and the metaphysical is the instrument", which refers to those studies about speculation above tangible objects. In Metaphysics, Aristotle argues that there is a "cause" relationship in nature.

This notion of "cause" is different from the modern notion of "cause and effect", in that "cause" corresponds to "why" and not to "effect". i.e. "teleological causes", "material causes", "dynamic causes" and "formal causes". The so-called "material cause" represents the form of existence of a thing from a pile of parts, components, foundations, or raw materials, which traces the composition of matter to the parts (elements, components) of the parts, and then forms a complete (system, structure, mixture, synthesis, compound, or combination).

Formal cause tells us what a thing is made of, by definition, form, shape, essence, synthesis, or prototype, and explains the basic principles or laws that make up a thing, which is only a part of the whole thing (the whole set of causal relations) (macroscopic structure). "Efficient cause" refers to the dynamics and causes of change, the study of "what changes what, and what causes the change", and encompasses all the media, whether animate or inanimate, the origin of the dynamic, or the thing that is changed. "Final cause" refers to the reason for the existence of a thing, or the reason for its change, including purposeful actions and activities.

The purpose of a thing is the reason why it exists, or the reason why it changes. This also explains the so-called modern psychological motivation, including will, need, motivation, rationality, irrationality, and ethics, all of which are creative behaviors.

The question of your question itself is faulty and contains a misunderstanding of Aristotle's metaphysics.

1. In Aristotelian metaphysics, being is the unity of form and matter. [In existence, the proportions of form and material are different, and therefore in the ladder of existence, their status is also different. The statement that "there are more and more forms, less and less materials" is problematic, and it should probably be said that "the form is becoming more and more important, and the materials are becoming more and more slight", that is, the proportion of form to material is increasing.

2. A specific thing, in which the proportion of form and material is constant. Moreover, the form is the same phase, and the material is the special phase. Therefore, it cannot be said that the change in the proportion between form and material can be seen in the analysis of a thing.

For the change in the proportion between form and material must have gone beyond something concrete.

3. It is only in the investigation of universal things that we can see the change in the proportion between form and material, and thus a ladder of existence. At one end of this ladder, the material occupies more and more components; At the other end of the spectrum, the form occupies an increasingly large component. [We must not understand form as the same existence as material, so that we fall into the fallacy of ontological dualism (or into the shallowness of materialist thinking).

The degree of proportion between form and material is the degree of grasp of thought. Therefore, the form is becoming more and more important, but the grasp of the mind is becoming more and more certain.

4. The absolute grasp of thought is the absolute form. Thus, at one end of the ladder of existence, there is the existence in which form has absolute dominance, that is, the thought of thought, that is, the absolute.

5. Aristotle's metaphysics is a philosophy of coexistence, not a philosophy of distinctiveness that discusses individual things. To analyze specific things or materials, that is the subject of physics. Knowing the essence of Aristotle's metaphysics, then the question you are asking is a question that should not be.

The problem is: try to analyze an example, if you continue to trace back to the root of a thing, there are more and more forms, and there are fewer and fewer materials. The form is getting clearer, and the material is getting more and more blurred.

My: For example, bricks and houses, bricks are the material and the house is the form.

Going down the next level, bricks are made of clay, where clay is the material and bricks are the form.

Looking upwards, a complex of houses (such as a city) is the form, and the houses that make up the city are the material. One level higher, the state made up of cities is the form, and the city is the material. One level further up the human society composed of states is the form, the next level is the form of the world composed of the human society, the next level is the form of the whole universe, and the next level is the 'God'.

As I understand it, Aristotle's relationship between form and substance (or essence and phenomenon) should correspond to the relationship between the connotation and the extension of the concept in the modern sense.

For example: daisy - chrysanthemum family - dicot - angiosperm - plant - life, in this conceptual sequence, daisy is the most special and specific concept (that is, the most connotation but at the same time the least extension), and life is the most general and abstract concept (that is, the least connotation but the most extension).

What you are talking about tracing back to the roots, in fact, is the process of generalization or abstraction of the concept, because what people come into contact with in daily life are concrete things, for example, people actually see specific chrysanthemums, after long-term observation and comparison, some people classify these chrysanthemums, such as daisies, chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums, tower chrysanthemums, fragrant chrysanthemums, green chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums, etc., and so on, and people have accumulated experience and related theoretical knowledge, and these chrysanthemum species are unified under the genus of the chrysanthemum family. Eventually, people realized that all of this was just a small branch of the phenomena of life.

It is generally believed that the material is the foundation brick that composes things, and the form is the structure in space, for example, to build a house, wood, bricks, cement and other materials are needed, in addition, wood and bricks are combined according to a certain spatial structure and order, and they need to be constructed according to the design drawings, which is the form of the house. Because the form is only an abstract spatial structure and does not have independence, the form can only be realistic if it is attached to the material, otherwise the form is just an idea in the human mind or a design drawing. Materials such as wood and bricks exist objectively and can be perceived by the senses, and such materials are close to the substances mentioned in materialism.

Since the form is attached to the material, the material is the basis for the existence of a thing, and it is difficult for a clever woman to cook without rice, and it is impossible to build a house without building materials. Since the form is attached to the material from the outside, the form itself is uncertain, for example, the same building material can be built according to different drawings to build different styles of houses.

The sun is moving, and the ground is stationary, so the sun revolves around the earth.

Aristotle thought that what was outside of physics was metaphysics.

Aristotle (384-322 BC), a famous scientist and philosopher in ancient Greece, was the master of Greek classical culture, and Engels called him the most erudite. His works are ancient encyclopedias, and it is said that there are nearly 1,000 books, mainly "Instrumental Theory", "Metaphysics", "Physics", "Ethics", "Political Science", "Poetics", etc.

Metaphysics is an important symbol of ancient Greek philosophical thought, and is recognized by later generations as the first work in the history of Western philosophy dedicated to the study of philosophical issues. Many of these terms, terms, and concepts have penetrated into various disciplines in the West, and they still play a huge role today. Aristotle is also known as the "Hegel of antiquity" because it was not until more than 2,000 years later that philosophers who could roughly match him, such as Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, and so on.