Which city was the eastern starting point of the Silk Road

Whether the eastern starting point of the famous Silk Road in China and abroad was Xi'an or Luoyang, there has always been a debate in the historiographical circles. The archaeological excavation of the site of Luoyang Chengnan City, which officially began in mid-September this year, is expected to unravel this historical mystery.

In the debate on the starting point of the Silk Road, the "Xi'an starting point theory" occupies a traditional position. Some experts believe that Luoyang was the capital as early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was the famous eastern capital in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and it was the first commercial center. Although there is a lot of evidence in historical records and archaeological excavations, this claim is inconclusive and has not been widely recognized worldwide due to the lack of strong corroboration.

Discover the person in charge.

1. Dr. Chen Liangwei, captain of the Luoyang Tangcheng team of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview that according to the literature, Nanshi was the distribution center of silk, porcelain and other commodities in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and was the largest commercial center in the east of Guan (Tongguan), which occupied an important position in the commercial industry at that time. If this account is confirmed in this archaeological excavation, then the status of Luoyang as the starting point of the Silk Road can also be confirmed.

According to historical records, Luoyang in the Sui and Tang dynasties had a large market in the city: the North Market, the West Market and the South Market. Nanshi is mainly engaged in daily goods, and is the largest among the three cities, with three or four thousand merchants at its most prosperous.

At that time, all kinds of important goods such as gold, silver, jewelry, porcelain, furs, and silk gathered from all over the country to Nanshi, and from here they were sent to all parts of the country, as well as to the Western Regions and Japan.

Due to the important position of Nanshi in the Sui and Tang dynasties of commerce, the Silk Road is also being packaged as a whole to declare the world cultural heritage, the excavation has been strongly supported by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Archaeology Luoyang Tangcheng team and Luoyang City Cultural Relics Task Force formed a joint archaeological excavation team to excavate.

After the project was launched in September 2003, archaeologists first carried out a comprehensive archaeological drilling of the Nanshi site, basically clarified the layout of the Nanshi site, and laid the foundation for the official excavation. After the official excavation began, three exploration parties were planned to excavate Jianchunmen Street (drilling width of 46 meters), Fangmen (the city gate on the south side of Nanshi) and the site of a handicraft workshop. Full excavations will last from 3 to 5 years.

The Silk Road in the traditional sense refers to the way of transporting Chinese silk to the west during the Han and Tang dynasties. According to expert research, as early as the 4th century B.C., Chinese silk has spread to India and the city-states along the Mediterranean; However, as the formal formation of the Silk Road, it began in the 2nd century AD Zhang Qian's passage to the Western Regions, and then continued to develop, forming a traffic artery connecting the Eurasian continent from Luoyang (or Xi'an), through Longxi, through Lanzhou, through the Hexi Corridor and the Tarim Basin, through Central Asia, or south to India, or west to Iran and Syria, and directly to the east coast of the Mediterranean.

The starting point of the Silk Road in the Western Han Dynasty was Chang'an (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province).

The starting point of the Eastern Han Silk Road is Luoyang (Luoyang, Henan).

The starting point of the Silk Road was Luoyang. This is the view of Richthofen, the proposer of the Silk Road.

In 1870, Richthofen came to Henan and inspected the Nanguan Pass in Luoyang.

silk and cotton markets, etc., and then in the "Report on Henan and Shaanxi", the first mention of the journey from Luoyang to Samarkand.

There is an old trade route.

And it is called the "Silk Pie Bi Rough Road".

In 1877, in the first volume of another of his books, China: Personal Travels and Results, Richthofen said: "Henan Province (Luoyang) leads to Central Asia.

The trade route, which stretched westward to Rome, had already been formed in the time of the Roman Empire, and Chinese silk reached Rome along this trade route, so it can be called the Silk Road. ”

Here, Richthofen formally proposed the term "Silk Road" and at the same time proposed that Luoyang was the eastern starting point of the Silk Road. The term "Silk Road" was quickly accepted by the academic community and the general public, and was officially adopted. However, later scholars have different opinions on its connotation.

In 1936 Richthofen's pupil Sven Hedin published The Silk Road

After the book was widely disseminated, the battle for the starting point began. Although the book still follows Richthofen's view of Luoyang as the starting point of the Silk Road, some scholars soon believe that Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions during the Western Han Dynasty.

It has already formed a connection with the Western Regions, and has formed a road passage, so the starting point of the Silk Count Hand Road should be Chang'an (now Xi'an), the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. This view has gradually been recognized by the masses in China and has become the mainstream view today.

The starting point of the Silk Road was Luoyang.

Because the concept of "Silk Road" was first proposed by the German geographer Richthofen, while proposing the concept, he also proposed Luoyang as the starting point of the Silk Road, so the starting point of the Silk Road is Luoyang. In 1877, Richthofen proposed in the first volume of China – Personal Travels and Results: "The trade route from Henan Province (Luoyang) to Central Asia and westward to Rome was formed in the Roman Empire, and Chinese silk reached Rome along this trade route, so it can be called the Silk Road."

However, many Shaanxi scholars are not convinced, they call Xi'an the starting point of the Silk Road, and preemptively carry out the work of applying for the World Heritage Site, in the final application for the World Heritage **, in order to justify the fact that the forest of Henan Province is marked to the west of Shaanxi Province (as shown in the figure below, screenshot from the 21 minutes and 17 seconds of "Morning News of the World" 20140514 07:00), this phenomenon that violates the essence of geography is despicable, and it is contrary to the original intention of Mr. Richthofen, the proposer of the Silk Road. If Mr. Richthofen had known about it, the coffin board would probably not have been able to hold it.

The starting point of the Silk Road is generally in Chang'an.

Because Zhang Qian, the first person to open up the Silk Road, was a native of the Western Han Dynasty, and the Western Han Dynasty was in Chang'an at that time, so to a certain extent, we all think that the starting point of the Silk Road was in Chang'an. However, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, because the Eastern Han Dynasty was in Luoyang, the starting point of the Silk Road in the Eastern Han Dynasty was in Luoyang. Flipping through the map, you can see that Luoyang is in Huaijing Province, Henan, and Chang'an is in Shaanxi Province.

If you want to go to the Western Regions, if you start from Luoyang, you must pass through Shaanxi. Therefore, the starting point of the Silk Road is still determined by the times.

The Silk Road started from Chang'an or Luoyang, passed through the Hexi Corridor, and reached Dunhuang. Here in Dunhuang, the Silk Road is divided into two, the South Road passes through Loulan, Khotan, Shache and other countries, passes through the Green Ridge and now Pamir to Dayueshi, rest, and finally arrives at Tiaozhi and Daqin. The west road from Jiaohe, Qiuzi, Shule, through the green ridge, Qibo and then to Dawan, and then to the west through the rest to Daqin.

Unlike the starting point of the Silk Road, the focus of the Silk Road is in Daqin. But don't make a mistake, this Great Qin is not the other Great Qin. It was not the Great Qin Empire established by Qin Shi Huang.

The Great Qin is the ancient Chinese term for the Roman Empire and the Near East. But in fact, ancient China did not reach Rome. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, in 97 AD, Ban Chao led about 7,000 people to the Western Regions and reached the Caspian Sea area.

Ban Chao stopped at the Caspian Sea and asked Gan Ying to continue westward under Minling Mingxiang. So Gan Ying went all the way to the west coast of the Mediterranean, across the sea from the Roman Empire. But at that time, the Sabbatical Kingdom was a transit point between Chinese silk and Rome, and they monopolized it for profiteering.

Therefore, the rest of the country was afraid that the direct opening of the trade route between China and Rome would affect their interests, so the legend of Gan Ying's longing for the land on the sea discouraged Gan Ying, so he did not directly reach Rome.

The spatial starting point of the Silk Road is Chang'an, which is the Great Wall of the Han Dynasty and the Weiyang Palace in Chang'an. After a long time, only the ruins of Chang'an City in the Han Dynasty remained. Xi'an represents the development and changes of Chang'an, so Xi'an is the starting point of the silk road.

The Silk Road, which is commonly referred to as the Western Han Dynasty, was opened by Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty from Chang'an in the east to Rome in the west.

The traditional Silk Road, starting from Chang'an, the ancient capital of China, reaches the Mediterranean Sea through the countries of Lusong Heya, Afghanistan, Isai Nailang, Iraq, Syria, etc., and ends in Rome, with a total length of 6,440 kilometers.

The Silk Road refers to the commercial route of the ancient Silk Road, which started in ancient China and connected Asia, Africa and Europe. In terms of mode of transportation, it is divided into the land silk road and the maritime Silk Road. The overland Silk Road began in Chang'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty (extended to Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty).

The Silk Road was a major route for economic, political and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. Its original role was to transport silk produced in ancient China. Therefore, when the German geographer Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen first named it "Banquet Refers to the Silk Road" in the 70s of the 19th century, it was widely accepted.

On June 18, 2014, the Silk Road "Chang'an" luxury special train tour line from Xi'an began to run, and it is expected that in 2015, the whole Silk Road route including Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan will also meet with tourists.

There is something wrong with what you asked, the starting point of the land Silk Road is Chang'an, which is today's Xi'an, and the starting point of the maritime Silk Road is Quanzhou, Fujian.

Silk Road. It was Zhang Qian of the Western Han Dynasty who sent an envoy to the Western Regions.

time, a path that has been opened. The starting point of the Silk Road was Chang'an, which is now Xi'an, and its end point was Rome.

Zhang Qian has made two missions to the Western Regions, and the first mission to the Western Regions was to find the Great Moon Clan.

I want to join forces with him to attack the Huns. However, in the end, he did not find it, but he accidentally discovered the Western Regions. The discovery of the Western Regions does not prove that there is a connection with the countries of the Western Regions, nor does it prove that there are commercial contacts between them.

So this is not the starting point of the Silk Road. The real starting point of time was Zhang Qian's second mission to the Western Regions, this time the Western Regions, coupled with the exchange of envoys, promoted the tent to become a trade with the countries of the Western Regions. This was the starting point of the Silk Road.

In short, the spatial starting point of the Silk Road is Chang'an, and the starting point of time is the time when the first object made a second mission to the Western Regions.

The starting point of the Maritime Silk Road is Guangzhou and Quanzhou in China, also known as the "Oriental Maritime Silk Road". The Maritime Silk Road in the territory of the first and second China is mainly composed of three main ports of Guangzhou, Quanzhou and Ningbo and other feeder ports.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the State of Qi.

In the Jiaodong Peninsula, it has opened up a "water line along the coast" to the Liaodong Peninsula and the Korean Peninsula.

The Japanese archipelago and the East sold South Asia.

of ** channels. In the Tang Dynasty, the Shandong Peninsula and the coastal areas of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and China, South Korea and Japan gradually emerged. In the Song Dynasty, Ningbo became the main port on the sea between China, South Korea and Japan.

The starting point of the Maritime Silk Road was Quanzhou. The Maritime Silk Road was formed in the Qin and Han dynasties, developed in the Three Kingdoms and Sui dynasties, and flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties. The Maritime Silk Road appeared before the Land Silk Road and was the main artery of ancient sea transportation.

The starting point of the Maritime Silk Road is **

As early as the pre-Qin, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the Maritime Silk Road had begun to sprout. In the Neolithic Age, our ancestors have widely used canoes and rafts. After entering the slave society, ships became more and more diversified and large-scale, and navigation technology became more and more mature and perfect, thus providing solid technical support and support for ocean navigation.

The Wise One. China's Maritime Silk Road is mainly composed of three main ports: Quanzhou, Ningbo and Guangzhou and other feeder ports. In April 2017, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage officially designated Guangzhou as the lead city for the Maritime Silk Road World Heritage Application, and joined hands with Ningbo, Nanjing, Fuzhou and other regions to carry out the protection and inscription of the Maritime Silk Road.

The Maritime Silk Road, as a major channel for China's high-level exchanges and cultural exchanges with foreign countries, has promoted the common development of countries along the route. It has also become an important historical way for economic, trade and cultural exchanges between the East and the West, thus promoting the development and progress of the world.

The starting point of the Silk Road is Xi'an.

Xi'an is located in the middle of the Guanzhong Plain, bordering the Wei River in the north and the Qinling Mountains in the south.

Chang'an, a UNESCO "World Historic City" designated by UNESCO in 1981, is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation, and the starting point of the Silk Road.

In history, more than 10 dynasties have built their capitals here, including Feng Ho Capital, Qin Afang Palace, and Terracotta Warriors.

Han Weiyang Palace. Changle Palace, Sui Daxing City, Tang Daming Palace.

Zen spine Xingqing Palace and other outlining the "Chang'an complex He travel infiltration".