Urgent Origins of Modern Communicative Etiquette in the West content

In the West, the word etiquette was first used in French to mean "pass through the court". But as soon as it entered the English language, it took on the meaning of etiquette, which means "passport to interpersonal communication". The history of Western civilization also shows to a large extent the history of mankind's pursuit of etiquette and its evolution.

In order to maintain and develop various interpersonal relationships other than blood kinship and avoid "fighting" or "war", human beings have gradually formed various dynamic etiquette related to "fighting" and "war". For example, in order to show that there is no ** in his hand, so that the other party feels that he has no malicious intent, he created a hand raising ceremony, which later evolved into a handshake. In order to show his friendship and respect, he was willing to "throw away his armor" in front of the other party, so he created a hat ceremony.

In the ancient Greek texts, such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and other sages, there are many discussions about etiquette. The Middle Ages was the heyday of the development of etiquette. After the Renaissance, there was a new development of etiquette in Europe and the United States, from the cumbersome requirements of the upper class to follow etiquette, to the appreciation of beautiful manners in the mid-20th century, to the relatively simple rules of etiquette that adapted to the equal relations of society.

History has developed to today, the traditional etiquette culture has not only not been abandoned with the development of market economy and the modernization of science and technology, but is more colorful, the country has a national etiquette system, the nation has its own unique etiquette customs, all walks of life have their own etiquette norms, and there are also etiquette practices that all countries abide by in the world. Some countries and nationalities have also stipulated certain punishment rules for those who do not abide by the etiquette norms, and some have taken etiquette as an "introductory course" for citizens before employment, and college graduates who are hired by enterprises must also go through strict etiquette training before they can work.

From the above narrative of the meaning of liturgy and its origins, it is clear that:

First, etiquette in China, as a part of the social order, has been widely valued and advocated by the virtuous and virtuous of the Chinese nation.

Second, etiquette arises to maintain and develop interpersonal relationships, and evolves with the development and change of interpersonal and other social relationships. It is not only a product of social interaction, but also of international cultural exchange.

Third, etiquette is the process of emotional interaction between the giver and the recipient. Just as the Book of Rites · Qu Li said: "Etiquette is still exchanged, and it is rude to go but not to come; It is also rude to come and not to communicate. ”

Fourth, etiquette is a procedure with certain rules, not a combination of unrelated behaviors.

Fifth, etiquette norms and procedures are agreed upon and agreed upon by people in a certain society.

Sixth, observance of etiquette is an important part of modern human civilization and an important means and way of interpersonal communication.

There are different theories about the origin of rites. To sum up, there are five origin theories: first, the gods are born of rituals; the second is the unity of heaven, earth and man; The third is that etiquette arises from the natural nature of human beings; Fourth, etiquette is the product of the contradiction between human nature and the environment; Fifth, etiquette is born from reason and originates from the vulgar.

Theoretically speaking, etiquette was born out of the need to maintain "human order" and avoid contradictions and conflicts. In order to survive and develop, human beings must struggle against nature and have to live in groups and depend on each other. In group life, there are differences between men and women, young and old, which is not only a natural human order, but also a social order that needs to be recognized, guaranteed and maintained by all members.

The internal relations faced by human beings must be properly handled, so people gradually accumulate and naturally agree on a series of "human orders", which is the first rite. The pursuit of desire is human instinct, and in the process of pursuing and realizing desire, contradictions and conflicts will inevitably occur between people, and in order to avoid these contradictions and conflicts, it is necessary to formulate etiquette for "stopping desires and controlling chaos".

From the point of view of specific rituals, rituals originated from the sacrificial activities of primitive religions. The sacrificial activities of primitive religions are the earliest and simplest "rituals" with the main content of worshiping the heavens and worshiping the gods. In the course of historical development, these sacrificial activities gradually improved the corresponding norms and systems, and formally formed into sacrificial rituals.

With the gradual deepening of human understanding of the relationship between nature and society, it is no longer possible to meet the ever-developing spiritual needs of human beings and regulate the increasingly complex practical relationship by sacrificing to the ancestors of heaven, earth, ghosts, and gods. As a result, people have expanded a series of behaviors in the activities of blessing the gods from the content and form to various interpersonal activities, from the original ritual of sacrifice to various rituals in all fields of society.

Presumably the beginning of the Middle Ages.

It was after the Middle Ages.

Due to the differences in social etiquette between China and the West, misunderstandings and conflicts often occur between Chinese and Western people in social interactions, and the root cause is the cognitive differences formed by the differences in cultural environments. This paper mainly analyzes the differences between Chinese and Western etiquette in terms of titles, meeting and communication etiquette, banquet guests, taboos and customs, official occasions, etc., summarizes the respective characteristics of Chinese and Western social etiquette, and reveals the social environment and values that form the differences between Chinese and Western etiquette.

In cross-cultural communication, because Easterners and Westerners have different cultural backgrounds and customs, they follow their different social etiquette in social communication activities, and etiquette is the bond between people to communicate with each other and establish friendship. As a culture, social etiquette is a symbol used by people to deal with interpersonal relationships in their lives and to express friendship and emotions with others. However, it is not uncommon for cultural barriers to lead to misunderstanding of information and even hurting the other party.

Therefore, knowing cultural differences and intercultural communication is now an issue that cannot be ignored. Based on the general gathering process, this paper compares the reception methods, greetings, seating arrangements, dining etiquette, clothing, post-dinner farewell and invitation dance, and finally reveals the influence of different social environments and values in China and the West through the characteristics of their respective social etiquette, and forms different social etiquette. It shows that in cross-cultural communication, it is necessary to respect mutual customs in order to achieve effective communication.

Seven Comparisons of Different Cultures China has the most business contacts with Western countries. Due to the different cultural backgrounds, there are many very different places in terms of specific etiquette. Specifically, there are seven aspects that must be understood first.

1. Treat compliments.

2. Hospitality and hospitality.

3. Humility and self-affirmation.

4. Advice and suggestions.

5. Personal privacy.

6. Schedule.

7. Gifts are exchanged.