Who knows about the wetlands in various places?

1. Wetland in the narrow sense refers to the area where the surface of the land is too wet or often waterlogged, and wetland organisms grow. A wetland ecosystem is a unified whole composed of wetland plants, wetland-inhabiting animals, microorganisms and their environment. Wetlands have a variety of functions:

Conservation of biodiversity, regulation of runoff, improvement of water quality, regulation of microclimate, provision of food and industrial raw materials, and provision of tourism resources.

On March 11, the "2020 Communiqué on the Status of Land Greening in China" released by the Office of the National Greening Committee showed that the national wetland protection rate reached more than 50% in 2020.

"Wetland" means marshland, peatland or water area, still or flowing, freshwater, brackish water, brackish water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, including water with a depth of not more than 6 metres at low tide.

Wetlands include many types, such as coral reefs, tidal flats, mangroves, lakes, rivers, estuaries, swamps, reservoirs, ponds, and paddy fields. Their common feature is that their surfaces are perennially or often covered with water or filled with water, and are a transition zone between land and water bodies.

The functions of functional wetlands are multifaceted, they can be used as a direct water source or to supplement groundwater, and can effectively control floods and prevent soil desertification, as well as retain sediments, toxic substances and nutrients, thereby improving environmental pollution.

It stores carbon in the form of organic matter, reduces the greenhouse effect, protects the coast from wind and waves, and provides a clean and convenient mode of transportation. It is known as the "kidney of the earth" because of its many beneficial functions.

Wetlands are also a paradise for many plants and animals, especially waterfowl, and at the same time provide food (aquatic products, livestock products, grains), energy (hydroenergy, peat, firewood), raw materials (reeds, timber, medicinal plants) and tourism places for human beings, which is an important foundation for human survival and sustainable development.

Wetlands are transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and many plants characteristic of wetlands grow in a specific environment where the soil is immersed in water. Wetlands are widely distributed all over the world, with many wildlife resources, and are known as the three major ecosystems of the earth, along with oceans and forests.

Wetland means a swamp, marshland, peatland or water area, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with or without being a static or flowing body of water, or fresh, brackish or brackish water, including shallow sea areas with a water depth of not more than 6 m at low tide. "Wetlands are defined as lakes, rivers, marshes (forest, moss and herbaceous bogs), tidal lands (river beaches, lake beaches and coastal mudflats), salt lakes, salt marshes, and coral reefs, seagrass areas, mangroves and estuaries in coastal areas. The definition of wetlands proposed by the Convention on Wetlands is useful for wetland conservation and management, but it only enumerates the extension of wetlands and does not indicate the essential attributes of wetlands.

The most obvious sign of a wetland is the presence of water, and often we can identify wetlands based on their basic characteristics such as water, plants, and soil.

Water – the surface of the land has perennial water, seasonal water, or soil that is too wet;

Plants – aquatic, marsh and wet plants;

Soil - mainly poorly drained aquatic soil, mostly rich in organic matter.

There are different meanings for different people, and these meanings can be divided into two broad categories – broad and narrow.

The definition of the Convention on Wetlands is a broad one. The Convention on Wetlands defines wetlands as internationally recognized, i.e., marshlands, peatlands or areas of water, static or flowing, freshwater, brackish water, brackish water, including waters with a depth of not more than 6 metres at low tide, irrespective of whether they are natural or artificial, permanent or temporary.

This definition includes coral and seagrass beds, tidal flats, mangroves, estuaries, rivers, freshwater marshes, marsh forests, lakes, salt marshes and salt lakes in coastal areas.

Narrow definitions often refer to wetlands as ecotones; It is a transition zone between land and water, where characteristic plants grow due to the soil being immersed in water.

Wetlands refer to areas of shallow water with still or flowing water, such as natural or man-made marshes, and also include waters with a depth of no more than 6 meters at low tide. Wetlands, along with forests and oceans, are known as the three major ecosystems in the world and are widely distributed around the world.

Wetland means marshland, marshland, peatland or water area, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with either static or flowing, fresh, brackish or brackish water bodies, including waters with a depth of not more than six metres at low tide. Due to the lack of obvious boundaries between wetlands, waters, and land, and the different research priorities of different disciplines, the definition of wetlands has always been different.

The International Convention on Wetlands adopts a broad definition of wetlands, which includes the area of wetlands in the narrow sense, which is conducive to the formation of wetlands in the narrow sense and the nearby water bodies and land bodies into a whole, which is convenient for protection and management.

Research activities on wetlands are often narrowly defined. In 1979, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Conservation Agency redefined a wetland as "the confluence of land and water, where the water level is close to or at the surface of the earth, or where there is shallow water, and at least one or more of the following characteristics:

1) At least periodically, aquatic plants are used as the dominant plant species;

2) The subsoil is mainly wet soil;

3) During the annual growing season, the bottom layer is sometimes flooded. The definition also refers to the fact that lakes and wetlands are bounded by a water depth of 2 meters at low water levels, according to which the world's wetlands can be divided into more than 20 types, and this definition is currently accepted by wetland researchers in many countries.

The hydrological conditions of wetlands are the decisive factor for wetland properties. The diversity of wetlands is determined by the nature of water (e.g., precipitation, groundwater, tides, rivers, lakes, etc.), water depth, flow patterns, and duration and frequency of flooding. Water has a profound impact on the development of wetland soils.

Wetland soils are often referred to as wet soils or hydric soils.

Wetland resources refer to the natural resources composed of lakes, rivers, swamps, wetlands, estuaries, and other water bodies and the surrounding aquatic vegetation, aquatic animals and their ecosystems. Wetland resources play an important role in environmental protection, biodiversity, water resource management, climate regulation and carbon storage. Here are some common wetland resources:

1.Freshwater resources such as freshwater lakes and reservoirs. For example, Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake, Poyang Lake, etc.

2.Water resources such as rivers and estuaries. For example, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, the Pearl River, etc.

3.Wetlands, lead wax nature reserves, national parks and other natural conservation resources. For example, Poyang Lake Wetland Nature Reserve, Sanjiangyuan National Park, etc.

4.Aquatic flora and fauna and other biological resources. For example, lotus root, water chestnut, fish, birds, reptiles, etc.

5.Wetland tourism resources. For example, Wuzhen, West Lake and other well-known wetland tourist attractions.

6.Wetland cultural resources. For example, the water town culture in the south of the Yangtze River and the ancient dwellings in Wuyuan, wetland resources are an important natural resource with irreplaceable status and value, which need to be protected and managed together.

Wetlands in the narrow sense refer to areas where the surface of the land is too wet or often waterlogged, and wetland organisms grow.

Wetland ecosystems.

It is a unified whole composed of wetland plants, animals that inhabit wetlands, microorganisms and their environment. According to the broad definition, wetlands cover only 6% of the earth's surface, but they provide a living environment for 20% of the known species on the earth, and have irreplaceable ecological functions, so they enjoy the "kidney of the earth."

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The role of wetlands

The roles of wetlands are to provide water, replenish groundwater, regulate flood control, retain nutrients, prevent saltwater intrusion, and provide available resources. Wetlands, along with forests and oceans, are known as the three major ecosystems in the world, which have the potential to maintain ecological security and protect biodiversity.

Therefore, people call wetlands "the kidneys of the earth", natural reservoirs and natural species banks.

Wetlands can be used as a direct source of water or to supplement groundwater, which can effectively control flooding and prevent soil desertification. It absorbs large amounts of carbon dioxide.

gases, and release oxygen, effectively regulating the composition of the atmosphere. Wetlands are like natural filters, when flowing water containing poisons and impurities passes through wetlands, the flow rate slows down to facilitate the precipitation and removal of poisons and impurities, thereby improving environmental pollution.