This paper discusses what the El Ni o phenomenon is and how its occurrence relates to the distributi

El Niño Phenomenon, also known as El Niño Current, is a climate phenomenon caused by the eastward movement of the Walker Gyre, which is caused by the loss of equilibrium caused by the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere over a large area of the Pacific equatorial belt. Normally, the monsoon currents in the tropical Pacific region move from the Americas to Asia, keeping the Pacific surface warm and bringing tropical rainfall around Indonesia. But this pattern is disrupted every 2 to 7 years, reversing the direction of winds and ocean currents, and the heat flow from the surface of the Pacific Ocean turns eastward towards the Americas, taking with it tropical rainfall and creating the so-called "El Niño".

It is characterized by anomalous warming of the sea in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Oceans.

Since tropical marine areas receive more solar radiation, sea temperatures are correspondingly higher. In the tropical Pacific waters, due to the equatorial easterly trade winds, the equatorial ocean current flows from the eastern Pacific Ocean to the western Pacific, so that the high warm water continues to accumulate in the western Pacific, becoming the highest sea temperature in the world, and its sea surface temperature is more than 29, on the contrary, the sea water temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean is lower, generally 23 24, due to the distribution characteristics of the sea surface temperature field, which is high in the west and low in the east, the tropical western Pacific Ocean presents an airflow rise and low air pressure, and the tropical eastern Pacific presents a sinking airflow and high pressure.

Under normal circumstances, the western Pacific Ocean has a strong upward movement and abundant precipitation, while in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Oceans, the atmosphere is in a sinking motion and precipitation is very low. When El Niño occurs, a large amount of warm water flows from the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to the eastern equatorial Pacific, causing the sea temperature in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to drop, weaken the atmospheric upward movement, and reduce precipitation, resulting in severe drought there. In the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Oceans, due to the increase in sea surface temperature, the upward movement strengthened, resulting in a significant increase in precipitation and heavy rainfall.

El Niño is the result of unstable interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. According to statistics, every strong El Niño event will lead to global climate anomalies, resulting in huge economic losses. 1997 was a strong El Niño year, and its strong influence continued until the first half of 1998, when China suffered a major flood in 98 years, and El Niño was one of the most important influencing factors.

What is El Niño.

Correct Answer: Peruvian cold snap.

El Niño warm current, is an abnormal natural phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean, in the west coast of South America, the eastern part of the South Pacific, from south to north flow a famous Peruvian cold current, every year from November to March is the summer of the southern hemisphere, the water temperature in the southern hemisphere generally rises, and the equatorial round warm current flowing westward has been strengthened. At this time, the global pressure and wind bands move southward, and the northeast trade winds cross the equator and are deflected to the left by the self-deflecting forces of the southern hemisphere and turn to the northwest monsoon. This irregular ocean current is known as the "Eric Bellil Current".

El Niño Current, an anomalous natural phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean. On the west coast of South America and the eastern part of the South Pacific, there is a famous Peruvian cold current flowing from south to north, and from November to March of the following year is the summer of the southern hemisphere, the water temperature in the southern hemisphere generally rises, and the equatorial warm current flowing westward is strengthened. At this time, the pressure and wind bands around the world move southward, and the northeast trade winds cross the equator and are deflected to the left by the Southern Hemisphere self-deflection force (also known as the geostrophic deflection force).

The northwest monsoon not only weakens the offshore wind southeast trade winds on the west coast of Peru, weakening or even disappearing the cold water flood of Peru, but also blowing the warm equatorial current with higher water temperature southward, causing the water temperature of the cold current in Peru to rise abnormally. This quiet, irregular ocean current is known as the "El Niño Current".

El Niño is further divided into El Niño and El Niño events. El Niño is a climatic phenomenon that occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean SST anomalously warming, and the large-scale warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean will cause global climate changes, but this state must be maintained for more than 3 months before it is considered to be a real El Niño event.

In March 2015, the U.S. National Atmospheric Watch said it was likely to be an El Niño year. El Niño usually causes the rainy season in the south to be delayed from the usual mid-May to June. In El Niño years, there are usually droughts in the north and floods in the south, but there is also the possibility of floods in the north and droughts in the south, depending on the atmospheric circulation conditions.

However, according to new satellite imagery released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on December 27, 2015, the El Niño phenomenon in the Pacific shows no signs of abating. Experts** 2016 will be even worse and could be the most devastating year for El Niño.

Changing the global climate. The most immediate effects are manifested in the monsoon regions of the Pacific and North Indian Oceans

Because El Niño makes the cold water in the eastern Pacific Ocean become warm, the easterly trade winds in the Pacific Ocean weaken, and the warm water that was originally accumulated in the western Pacific Ocean flows eastward, so that the thickness of the surface sea water and the thickness of the warm water layer in the western part of the Pacific Ocean are significantly reduced, which will weaken the intensity of the southwest and southeast monsoons flowing over the warm water layer, resulting in obvious drought in the South Asian monsoon region, while the East Asian monsoon region is weakened by the southeast monsoon, so that the northern region cannot be affected by the southeast monsoon and have summer drought, and the Yangtze River basin in the south, because the southeast monsoon lingers for a long time, which makes the area flooded. Then, due to changes in atmospheric circulation, the climate of the whole world has changed.

El Niño is a climatic phenomenon in which the surface water temperature of the ocean in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean rises abnormally.

El Niño events often cause anomalous changes in global climate distribution. It is caused by the interaction between the anomalous rise in ocean temperature in the Pacific Ocean and atmospheric circulation.

El Niño is generally represented by the El Niño phenomenon in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Under normal conditions, sea surface temperatures are lower in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, while the equatorial western Pacific and Indian Oceans are relatively warmer. At this time, when tropical winds continue to blow from south to north in the equatorial western Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, a circulation system called the "equatorial headwind belt" is formed, which carries heat and moves eastward, keeping the water temperature in the eastern Pacific Ocean low and stable.

When the sea temperature of the equatorial western Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean rises for a period of time, it will trigger a change in the atmospheric circulation over the tropics, weakening or disappearing the formed headwind belt, causing the water current to become calm and the Pacific Ocean Warm Current to flow eastward, thereby further increasing the ocean surface temperature and triggering the El Niño phenomenon.

The El Niño phenomenon generally leads to abnormal changes in the global climate, affecting the global rainfall, temperature, wind direction, etc., and will have a serious impact on human society, economy and environment.

Causes of El Niño

1. Changes in tropical atmospheric circulation: Under normal conditions, the atmospheric circulation in the equatorial Pacific Ocean presents a "trade wind" from east to west, transporting key heat to the west. However, during El Niño, the intensity of the atmospheric circulation weakens or reverses, causing heat to accumulate in the eastern part of the equatorial region.

2. Changes in ocean circulation: The occurrence of El Niño is also related to the uneven distribution of ocean water temperature in the Pacific Ocean. When the sea temperature in the western Pacific Ocean rises for a period of time, the thermal expansion of the sea water will cause the sea water to flow eastward, which will cause the Pacific Ocean Warm Current to flow eastward, further aggravating the rise of sea surface temperature in the east.

3. The influence of solar radiation and the earth's rotation on the interaction between air and sea: Factors such as solar radiation and the earth's rotation will also affect the occurrence of El Niño. For example, when the difference in the intensity of solar radiation increases, it affects the climate of the Pacific Ocean and thus the occurrence of El Niño.

In addition, the speed, angle, and direction of the Earth's rotation also affect the distribution of sea surface temperature.

1. What is El Niño.

El Niño is one of the most well-known natural climate phenomena and together with La Niña, it forms the Enso cycle, which remotely controls the global weather. El Niño is characterized by a persistent anomalous increase in sea surface temperature (SST) in specific sea areas of the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean, with Peru and Ecuador bearing the brunt of the event.

Why is it called "El Niño"? Because a long, long time ago, fishermen on the west coast of South America observed a phenomenon that in some years, around Christmas, the cold snap in Peru suddenly weakened, and a large area of warm water spread, and cold-water fish were buried and died. They called this plague star that fell from the sky "Holy Child", which is transliterated as El Niño in Spanish.

Second, the standard of El Niño.

The criterion for determining El Niño is the high sea-based mountain temperature in a specific sea area in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. According to China's scientific standards, in an El Niño event, the one above the maximum deviation and below the degree is a weak El Niño; above the degree, 2 degrees above the middle and lower levels, is a moderate El Niño; A degree greater than or equal to 2 degrees is a strong El Niño, and a degree greater than or equal to a super El Niño.