What are the five famous kilns? What are the five famous kilns in China?

The theory of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty was first seen in the Ming Dynasty royal collection catalogue "Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum": "The firewood, Ru, official, brother, Jun, and named kiln utensils in the inner library, the style is elegant, and the picture is submitted." Xu Zhiheng of the Qing Dynasty said in "Drinking Liuzhai and Saying Porcelain":

Wuhua porcelain can be divided into three periods: the Song Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty. There are five most famous in the Song Dynasty, the so-called Chai, Ru, Guan, Brother, and Ding.

There are also Jun kilns, which are also very valuable. Because the firewood kiln has not been found so far, and there is no physical object, so the Jun kiln is usually included, and Ru, Guan, Ge, Ding, and called the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty. Ru porcelain belongs to the first of the five famous kilns, the kiln site is in Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, Baofeng County, Henan Province, and belongs to Ruzhou in the Song Dynasty.

The area of the Ru kiln found in the archaeological excavation was about 250,000 square meters, which was already a large scale at that time. In fact, there has been Ru kiln firing since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, and the late Northern Song Dynasty was its heyday. Artistic characteristicsRu kiln is mainly celadon, "glaze azure color", "crab claw pattern", "fragrant gray tire", "sesame nail" and so on are important bases for identifying Ru kiln.

Among them, the crab claw pattern refers to the textured hairs of the glazed opening piece; "Sesame nails" is because the feet are supported by very small nails during firing, and then the Ru kiln porcelain is burned in the air. After the porcelain fired in this way is fired, there will be several points on the bottom glaze. Ru kiln porcelain carcass is generally thinner, the glaze layer is thicker, there is a jade-like texture, the glaze has a very fine opening piece, and the shape is more solemn and generous.

Because there are very few works handed down from the Ru kiln, it is said that there are less than 100 pieces, and because of its exquisite craftsmanship, it is very precious. The Beijing Palace Museum, a masterpiece of the world, has Ru kiln azure glazed string pattern bottles, Ru kiln azure glaze round wash, Ru kiln azure glazed bowls, etc. The National Palace in Taipei has Ru kiln azure unveiled oval daffodil basin and Ru kiln pink blue lotus type warm bowl.

The official kilns of the Song Dynasty were directly built by the government, and were divided into the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty and the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty. The official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty began to be fired in the late Northern Song Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, and the specific kiln site has not been found so far. After Song Gaozong crossed to the south, he set up a new kiln in Lin'an (now Hangzhou), a "kiln in Xiu Neisi", and then "set up a new kiln under the suburban altar".

According to analysis, the "Xiunei Siguan Kiln" is at the foot of Phoenix Mountain in Hangzhou, while the "Suburban Tan Guan Kiln" is located in the area of Turtle Mountain in Hangzhou. In order to make a distinction, the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty was called the "old official", and the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty was called the "new official". Among them, the "old officials" are heavy, and the "new officials" are light.

The Forbidden City has a collection of official kiln blue glazed string pattern bottles, official kiln blue glazed straight neck bottles, official kiln blue glaze round wash, etc.

The kiln is similar to the official kiln, there is also a purple iron foot, and there is also an open piece, but so far the kiln site is unknown, and the academic community also has differences about its firing age, some people think that it is not the Song Dynasty, but the Yuan Dynasty. Artistic characteristicsMany porcelains in the firing process, in order to pursue the process is generally not allowed to have too many glazed cracks, but the kiln has brought the beauty of "open piece" to the extreme, resulting in the "gold wire" This typical feature of the kiln: due to the different sizes of the open piece, the different shades of the layer, the exposed parts of the carcass due to oxidation or pollution are not the same, resulting in different colors of the opening grain.

The glazed glaze of Ge kiln porcelain is iron black, called "iron wire", and the small opening grain is golden yellow, called "gold wire". The "gold wire" makes the calm glaze produce rhythmic beauty. The porcelain of the Song Dynasty kiln was mainly plated, bowled, bottled, washed, etc.

The masterpieces are mainly collected in the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Forbidden City in Taipei.

Song Dynasty famous kiln firewood, Ru, official kiln porcelain I see. Most people believe that chai porcelain should not be classified as famous porcelain of the Song Dynasty, because there is no physical object in the hands of experts, and the kiln site is finally found. In fact, the Zhou Chai porcelain process was stopped in the third year of the Great Song Dynasty, and experts and scholars finally discovered it.

Due to the cessation of firewood porcelain, to the Song Renzong era of its craft and resumption of production, porcelain in the Zhou Chai porcelain display porcelain changed to use porcelain, with azure glaze as the main, to the large vessel, the general height between 28 cm and 37 cm, the shape of the vessel is still in the shape of the Zhou Chai porcelain. The azure sleeve porcelain of the Renzong era continued to the time of Song Shenzong, and the porcelain of this era had "Great Song Dynasty.""with"Shenzong Yuanfeng five years"Fund. It may be that for some reason the azure glaze was stopped, according to the Yuebai glaze-based Song Dynasty official kiln"Porcelain was produced, and the official porcelain will be extended to the era of Song Huizong and the production of azure glaze porcelain will be resumed.

This is based on the experience of physical observation.

China's five famous kilns: Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Jun kiln, Ding kiln.

China's five famous kilns refer to the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, respectivelyRu kiln, official kiln, Ding kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln

1. Ru kiln Ru kiln, one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, is produced in Ruzhou.

And the name, the kiln site in the present Baofeng County, Henan Province, Daying Town, Qingliangsi Village, Ru porcelain in the Song Dynasty "Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun, Ding" five famous kilns of the first place, in the history of Chinese ceramics known as "Ru kiln for the leader" said. Ru kiln is one of the famous crafts of traditional Chinese porcelain, and the main representative porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty in China.

2. Official kiln Guanyao, one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, is Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty.

During the period, some kilns were specially fired for the court to pick up and return, and were commonly known as official kilns at that time.

3. Brother kiln. Ge kiln, one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, has a pivotal position in the history of ceramics. The kiln tires are mostly purple-black, iron-black, and yellow-brown. The glaze is a transparent opaque glaze, the glaze is covered with a layer of crisp, the glaze color is fried beige, gray and green, and the glaze size is combined.

4. Fixing the kiln. Ding kiln is a treasure in the traditional Chinese porcelain making process, one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, one of the six kiln systems, it is a large porcelain kiln system that arose after the Xingyao white porcelain of the Tang Dynasty. The main production area is in Baoding City, Hebei Province.

The area of Jianci Village, East Yanchuan Village, and West Yanchuan Village in Quyang County belonged to Dingzhou during the Tang and Song dynasties.

Jurisdiction, hence the name Dingyao.

5. Jun kiln. Jun kiln, that is, Juntai kiln, one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty and one of the six kiln systems, is a unique style synthesized on the basis of the style of firewood kiln and Lushan flower porcelain, and is subject to Taoist thought.

Profound influence on Huizong in the Song Dynasty.

The period reached its peak, and its craftsmanship was brought into full play. Whether it is the expression of color and various textures, the performance technology that can be controlled and changed at will has been imitated by no one so far.

Ge kiln, Ru kiln, official kiln, Jun kiln, Ding kiln. The Five Famous Kilns, also known as the Five Famous Kilns of the Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty), refer to the five kilns established during the Song Dynasty in China to fire porcelain. The glaze of the porcelain of the kiln is mainly gray and blue, but there are also beige, milky white and other colors.

Ru kiln, also known as the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty, fired celadon.

The official kiln was located in Longquan in the early stage, and was located under the altar in the suburbs of Lin'an in the later period, and the porcelain tires were thin tires, which were black, gray and other colors.

Jun kiln began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty, mainly firing copper red glaze, and also produced a large number of opalescent glazed porcelain such as sky blue and moon white.

The kiln mainly fires white porcelain, and also burns black glaze, sauce glaze and green glaze porcelain, which was originally a folk kiln, and began to burn court porcelain in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty.

The five famous kilns refer to the five official kilns of the Song Dynasty, namely Ge kiln, Ru kiln, official kiln, Jun kiln, and Ding kiln. Its characteristics can be summarized as: Geru Guanjun tire color gray, official tire dense glaze sagging; Ru kiln thin tires and wrapped feet, Jun tires are heavy and thick beyond Ru officials; The thin body of the tire is lightly identified as the kiln, and the bamboo brush is tearful.

They are Ru kiln, official kiln, brother kiln, Jun kiln, Ding kiln.

The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty were first seen in the Ming Dynasty royal collection catalogue "Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum": "The Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun, and named kiln utensils in the inner library, with elegant styles, are written and presented.

Jun kiln, Ru kiln, official kiln, Ding kiln, Ge kiln.

Xu Zhiheng of the Qing Dynasty said in "Drinking Liuzhai and Saying Porcelain": "Wuhua porcelain can be divided into three periods: Song, Ming and Qing.

There are five most famous in the Song Dynasty, the so-called Chai, Ru, Guan, Brother, and Ding. There are also Jun kilns, which are also very valuable. Because the firewood kiln has not found the kiln site, and there is no physical object, the Jun kiln is usually included, and Ru, Guan, Ge, Ding, together with the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty.