Confucius s Four Combinations .

1. Confucius's "four combinations" method.

Hu Pu'an, a famous scholar in modern times, believes: "The goodness of the reading method through the ages should be the first to recommend Confucius." He has many reading methods, especially his "four combinations" reading method.

the combination of learning and thinking; Combining learning and inquiry. The objects of the questions include asking about books - reading, asking teachers - listening to lectures, asking classmates - asking for advice, asking about society - participating in extracurricular activities and social surveys, etc.; Combination of learning and learning; The combination of learning and action, Confucius emphasized "to be sensitive to words and to action".

2. Meng Ke's self-seeking and self-obtaining method.

Meng Ke, a famous educator in ancient times, advocated that reading and learning must work "self-seeking" and "self-acquisition", and change the methods of passive listening and memorization. He said: "A gentleman who studies in depth is the way, and if he wants to be self-satisfied, he will live in peace, and if he lives in peace, he will have deep resources, and if he is deep, he will take the right and left to meet his source."

"Lilouxia") means that the method of studying for further study lies in "self-seeking" through one's own independent and diligent thinking, and only by improving one's self-learning ability can one be "self-satisfied". In this way, the knowledge that comes from "self-acquisition" can become one's own flesh and blood, and seek an inexhaustible source; can be used in a comprehensive way, and people have to be left and right in the realm of the source.

1. "The Book of Music", the title of the book, one of the "Six Classics".

In the pre-Qin period, there was the "Book of Music" that survived. This theory is not only found in the hand-me-down document "Zhuangzi Tianxia", but also confirmed from Guodian Chu Jian. Guo Dianjian's "Six Virtues" said:

The "poems" and "books" are also included, the "rites" and "music" are also included, and the "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" are also included. Another article in Jianzhong, "Sayings (1)", also has the words "Six Classics".

There are various theories about the circulation of the Book of Music. One is that the "Book of Music" has died in the Qin fire in the book burning pit Confucianism; the other is that the "Da Si Le" of "Zhou Li, Chunguan Zongbo Zhang" is the "Book of Music"; Another is that there is no such thing as the Book of Music. "The Book of Music" has died in Qin Huo" is more credible, and the most people have adopted it.

2. Since ancient times, there has been a tradition of scripture in China, and Confucius was the one who studied the scriptures. Chinese classics and sub-studies have always been parallel, and the classics were formed earlier. "Confucius studied music and revised the Book of Music.

Confucius (September 28, 551 B.C., April 11, 479 B.C.), surnamed Kong, Mingqiu, Zi Zhongni, was a native of Lu State in the late Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu, Shandong), his ancestral home was Liyi of the Song Kingdom (now Xiayi, Henan), an ancient Chinese thinker, educator, and founder of Confucianism.

3. Content. Han Feizi said that Confucianism is divided into eight factions, among which there are Confucians of the Zhongliang clan. Tao Qian's "Supplementary Records of the Sages and Sages" said, "Zhongliang's music is a Confucianism that changes customs." "Filial Piety Guangyao Dao Chapter" records Confucius said:

Change customs, don't be good at fun. It can be seen that "changing customs" is the core idea of Confucianism.

In addition, Confucianism also emphasizes temperament, such as Guo Dianjian's "Sexual Pretentiousness" at the beginning: "Although mortals have sex, their hearts are determined (fixed), waiting for things and then doing, waiting for pleasure and then acting, waiting for practice and then laying (ding)." Why did the ancients talk about the relationship between "happiness and temperament"?

As everyone knows, this is a set of basic views of Confucianism on music. ”

Mr. Li Xueqin advocated that Guo Dianjian's "Sexual Pretentiousness" be renamed and that "the first half of it should be independent and called "Le Shuo". ”

There should also be pure music theory content in the music classic, such as the "five tones" (gong, shang, jiao, zheng, yu) that stipulate the distance of the scale, and the twelve rhythms that stipulate the pitch (the six laws refer to Huang Zhong, Taituan, Gu Xi, Ruibin, Yi Ze, and Wu Shot; Liulu refers to Da Lu, Ying Zhong, Nan Lu, Lin Zhong, Zhong Lu, Jia Zhong) and so on.

As early as in the "Book of Shang", the problem of "poetry and words, songs and words, sound and harmony" was revealed, and "Yu Shu Yiji" also said that "I want to ask six laws, five tones, and eight tones", which all involve the problem of "music rhythm". The Chinese records the dialogue between King Jing of Zhou and Shan Mugong and Le Shi Zhou Jiu in 522 BC.

With Shan Mu Gong** is the possibility of "melting the non-shooting bell and recasting it into a Dalin (i.e., Lin Zhong alias) bell with a lower rhythm"; The question of how to realize the transformation of the "six laws" into the "twelve laws" with the musician Zhou Jiu**, Zhou Jiu said that by inserting six "interstitial laws" called "six rooms" into the "six laws", the "twelve laws" can be obtained.

"Music" refers to the "Book of Music", which is one of the so-called "Six Classics". However, the other Five Classics still exist today, but the Book of Music has not been seen long before the Han Dynasty. There are two ways to say this:

The first is that the Book of Music was burned when Qin Shi Huang burned the book, and at that time, except for the Book of Changes, other classics suffered such a fate. Second, some people believe that the book "The Book of Music" does not exist alone. Rather, it is attached to the "poems" and "rites", and is used in chanting and ceremonies.

People have always said that Confucius once wrote "poems" and "books", set "rites" and "music", preface "Zhou Yi", and wrote "Spring and Autumn".

May I ask which book does the "music" refer to? Ask for their full name, the author and his life, as well as the general information of the book.