The reason for the setting of the Nobel Prize? What is the award? Past winners?

A series of awards based on the will of the Swedish chemist Nobel. In his will, Nobel stated that he would give the majority of his estate as **, and that his interest (about $200,000) would be awarded annually to those who had "made the greatest contribution to mankind" in physics, chemistry, physiology, or medicine, literature, and peace in the previous year. The Nobel Prize was awarded for the first time on the 5th anniversary of his death.

In 1968, the Bank of Sweden added the Economics Prize, which was awarded for the first time in 1969. The Nobel Prize is awarded annually, except for the suspension of the two world wars.

According to Nobel's will, the institutions that awarded the prize were: the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Physics Prize and the Chemistry Prize; Physiology or Medicine Award from the Royal Caroling-Christian Institute of Surgery; The Swedish Academy of Letters awards the Literary Prize; The Norwegian Nobel Prize Evaluation Committee, appointed by the Norwegian Parliament, is responsible for awarding the Peace Prize. The Swedish Academy of Sciences oversees the awarding of prizes in economics.

The Nobel Society, which was established to implement the will, is the legal owner and actual administrator of the will, and is responsible for relevant matters as the co-management body of the prize awarding body, but does not participate in the deliberation and decision of the prize. The consideration of the prize money is entirely the responsibility of the four research institutes mentioned above. Each award consists of a metal medal, a certificate and a prize money; The number of prizes depends on the income of the first meeting, generally 11,000 30,000 pounds (31,000 72,000 US dollars), the selection process begins in the early autumn of the previous year in which the award is awarded, and the awarding unit first sends an invitation to the research unit that has the ability to put forward candidates according to the Nobel Prize statutes, requesting a written recommendation before February 1 of the year of the award, and the awarding unit will make a final decision before November 15.

Deliberations and voting at all stages are held in confidence. The prize money is only given to individuals, but the Peace Prize can also be awarded to institutions. The prize is open to all regardless of nationality, race and religion.

The same winner can win multiple awards without restrictions. Ceremonies for physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and economics were held in Stockholm and the Peace Prize was awarded in Oslo, around 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. Winners are usually present in person to receive their prizes.

The Nobel Prize is divided into six categories: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology (or Medicine), Literature, Economics, and Peace.

The Nobel Prize consists of five prizes: Physics, Chemistry, Peace, Physiology or Medicine, and LiteratureIt honors those who have "made the greatest contribution to humanity" in physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature.

27 November 1895, Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

The last will, written a year before his death, was signed at the Swedish Norwegian Club in Paris.

According to his last testament, his estate will be used to establish a series of awards for those who have "made the greatest contribution to humanity" in physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, as well as literature. The assets used to establish the five Nobel Prizes account for 94% of Nobel's total assets, or SEK 31 million.

On April 26, 1897, Nobel's will was approved by the Norwegian Parliament, and the executors Langner Sollmann and Rudolf Lilljequist established the Nobel Society to administer the estate and the prize.

After the adoption of the will, the parliament appointed the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences as the awarding body for the prizes in physics and chemistry, the Karolinska Institutet.

It is the awarding body for the Medicine and Physiology Prize, the Swedish Academy of Letters is the awarding body for the Literature Prize, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee is the awarding body for the Peace Prize. The Nobel Prize was subsequently agreed on the criteria for awarding the Nobel Prize.

In 1900, King Oscar II of Sweden promulgated new rules for the Nobel Prize.

On December 10, 1901, on the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death, the Nobel Prize was awarded for the first time, including: the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and Nobel Prize in Literature.

Nobel Prize 2021The award process

On September 23, 2021, the Nobel Prize announced that it was affected by the new crown epidemic.

The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Economics will continue last year's tradition and receive the same prizes in their respective countries.

Chief Executive Officer of the Nobel Prize.

In a press release issued on the day of the meeting, Vidal Helgersen said the decision was made based on the development of the coronavirus pandemic and the uncertainty of international travel. This year's Nobel Prize.

The week's celebrations will continue to be held in a hybrid format.

The Nobel Prize was first awarded in 1901 in five categories: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.

EstablishmentNobel PrizeThe main purpose is to reward those scientists who have made significant contributions and progress to humanity in the previous year.

For the Nobel Prize, it is named after Sweden.

The famous chemist Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

Part of the estate was founded in 1895 as **. It is an evaluation and reward for the highest achievements of human intelligence and physical strength, and it has also become a symbol of a country's scientific and technological level, reflecting the social system.

Evaluation of civilization.

As we all know, everyone should know that the Nobel Prize has great influence and attraction, and it is also a recognition of a country's scientific and civilized degree, and it is a symbol of national status.

The Nobel Prize is a landscape of contemporary culture, covering human civilization.

Many areas are milestones in these areas, big or small. Moreover, the Nobel Prize happened to be established at the beginning of the revolution in modern physics, and accompanied the development of modern physics and modern science as a whole.

The Nobel Prize has been difficult to set up

Nobel plans to spend 94% of his wealth on the establishment of five prizes (physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace) to be awarded to "those who have brought the greatest benefit to humanity in the previous year". Although Nobel proposed a very ambitious prize scheme, there were many problems and difficulties to overcome in order to realize this wish.

1. Alfred Nobel.

The relatives were shocked, and many wanted a share of the wealth.

2. It is not clear who Alfred's nationality is. He was a Swedish citizen until he was nine years old, but after that, he lived in Russia, France, and Italy and did not become a citizen of any country, so there would be a question of tax attribution.

3. Because Nobel wants the Norwegian parliament to elect a peace prize winner, many people accuse Nobel of lacking patriotism.

4. The ** meeting used for the implementation of incentive activities has not yet existed and must be established.

5. There has never been a precedent for such a reward method before, and there is a certain degree of uncertainty in its implementation.

After five years of unremitting efforts, the Nobel Prize was established and the first award was awarded.

The main awards of the Nobel Prize are Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize in Peace, and Nobel Prize in Economics.

The Nobel Prize honors a person who has "made the greatest contribution to mankind" in physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature; and the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, established by the Bank of Sweden in 1968 to recognize outstanding contributions to the field of economics.

According to the official website of the Nobel Prize, the Nobel Prize is selected and awarded once a year, and the Nobel Prize includes a gold medal, a certificate of loss, and a bonus. As of 2019, a total of 919 individuals and 24 groups have been awarded, of which 4 individuals and 1 group have won the award twice, and 1 group has won the award three times.

Medals

The gold medal of the Nobel Prize weighs about 270 grams, contains **, the medal is about centimeters in diameter, and the front is a relief statue of Nobel. Different awards and medals have different patterns on the back.

The medals for the Physics, Chemistry, Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine, and Literature were awarded by the Swedish sculptor Eric Lindbergh, and the Nobel Prize in a suit and leather shoes was engraved with his name and year of birth and death. The back of the four award medals has different patterns, but the style is similar, and they are all carved with allegorical patterns from beautiful images from mythology.

Among them, the medals of the Physics Prize and the Chemistry Medal have the same pattern, Isis, the god of motherhood and fertility, holds the horn of abundance, and the goddess of science is lifting the veil of Isis, the god of motherhood and fertility. On the back of the Physiology or Medicine Medal Medal, the goddess of medicine has a book spread on her lap, bringing spring water for the sick to drink; On the back of the medal for the Literary Prize, the muse of inspiration plays the lyre, and a young man sits under a laurel tree, listening and taking notes.

The Peace Prize medal was designed by the Norwegian sculptor Gustav Vigeland, and compared to the other medals, the front of the medal is slightly different except for the Nobel character, and his name and year of birth and death have also been moved to the edge of the medal. The pattern on the back shows three people on each other's shoulders, showing brotherly friendship. The inscription on the medal reads "For the peace and brotherhood of mankind".

The medal was designed by the Swedish sculptor Gonwall Svensson Lundqvist, and the front of the Nobel Prize has two crossed horns of abundance under the Nobel head, surrounded by the inscription "The Bank of Sweden in memory of Alfred Nobel, 1968". On the back is the emblem of the North Star, which symbolizes the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Nobel Prize.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Analysis: The Nobel Prize is a prize provided under the A-B-Nobel Will** (increased from 5 to 6 prizes since 1969), and is awarded annually by 4 institutions (3 in Sweden and 1 in Norway). It was first awarded on December 10, 1901, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death.

In his testament, Nobel stipulated that the prize should be awarded annually to "the person who has made the greatest contribution to humanity in the previous year" in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, and the Bank of Sweden added an economic science prize in 1968 and awarded it for the first time in 1969.

The awarding bodies mentioned in his will are: the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Physics and Chemistry) in Stockholm, the Royal Carolingian Institute of Surgery (Physiology or Medicine) and the Swedish Academy of Letters (Literature), as well as the Nobel Prize Evaluation Committee (Peace Prize) in Oslo, appointed by the Norwegian Parliament, which also oversees the awarding of economics. The Nobel Society, which was established to implement the terms of the will, is the legal owner and actual administrator of the awarding body, and is the co-management body of the awarding body, but does not participate in the deliberation or decision of the award, and its deliberation is entirely the responsibility of the above four institutions.

Each award consists of a gold medal, a certificate and a prize money; The number of bonuses depends on the income of the club. The economics prize is awarded in the same way and in monetary value.

Excludes the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences.

The Nobel Prize was originally divided into five prizes: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, and was first awarded in 1901. In 1968, on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of its founding, the Riksbank donated a large amount of money to Nobel**, adding the "Riksbank Memorial Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences", which was first awarded in 1969, and people used to call this additional prize the Nobel Prize in Economics.

The Nobel Prize is awarded to the person in the world who has made the most significant contribution to humanity in these six fields with annual interest or investment income from the "Nobel Prize**".

As of 2018, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to a total of 904 individuals or 24 groups, of which 4 individuals and 1 group (UNHCR) have won the Nobel Prize twice, and 1 Heqiao group (Red Cross) has won the Nobel Prize three times, so a total of 908 individuals and 27 groups have been awarded. The Nobel Prize consists of a gold medal, a certificate and a prize money.