How are fundus lesions staged, and how are diabetic retinopathy classified?

With the acceleration of the pace of life, eye fatigue has become the norm, resulting in an increase in the incidence of fundus diseases year by year, and fundus disease is actually a general term, because the retina is divided into ten layers, and problems with each layer of structure will cause problems, so what are the fundus diseases?

Fundus usually refers to the internal structures of the eyeball, including the vitreous, retina, choroid, and optic nerve, and fundus lesions usually refer to the lesions of the above structures caused by various causes. Many diseases can cause fundus lesions, such as diabetes, hypertension and other systemic wasting diseases, old age and frailty, high myopia, excessive use of eyes, eye trauma, etc., which usually have a serious impact on vision. If there is vision loss, it is necessary to go to a regular hospital for fundus examination as soon as possible to determine the extent and type of lesions, and make targeted ** according to the examination results to avoid further aggravation of lesions.

**Methods mainly include drug conservatism**, retinal laser photocoagulation** and vitrectomy surgery**.

Stage, retinopathy, with microaneurysms or small hemorrhages: (+ few, easy to count; (+ more is not easy to count; Blood spots are not visible on fluoresceometry. Simplex. , with yellowish-white "hard exudate" or with hemorrhagic ecchymosis, (+ less, easy to count, (+ more, not easy to count; , with a white "soft exudate" or with hemorrhagic ecchymosis: (+ less, easy to count; (+ more is not easy to count; Proliferative. , neovascularization of the fundus or vitreous hemorrhage. , neovascularization or fibrous proliferation of the fundus.

There are many stages of diabetic retinopathy, and the stage formulated in China that is suitable for our national conditions is the most understandable stage is divided into six stages.

The first stage of diabetic retinopathy is the appearance of small microangiomas in the fundus.

The second stage is that there is some hard oozing under the fundus.

The third stage is the appearance of some cotton wool spots on the fundus.

Stage 4 is the appearance of new blood vessels in the fundus, which can only be detected through our professional eye examination.

By the time of stage 5 and stage 6, the patient's symptoms are already obvious, stage 5 is the proliferation of tissue in the fundus, and some bleeding, at this time the patient may feel a sudden loss of vision.

By the sixth stage, retinal detachment has already occurred, and the condition at this time is even more serious, in general, there are six stages in total.

Among them, the stages are collectively referred to as simple retinopathy, and the stages are collectively referred to as proliferative retinopathy, which manifest as retinal microangioma, retinal hemorrhagic spots, soft and hard retinal exudates, retinal artery lesions, and retinal vein lesions. Proliferative retinopathy is when at least part of the lesion extends inward beyond the inner limiting membrane, manifesting as neovascularization, fibrous proliferation, and traction retinal detachment.

Hello, diabetic retinopathy is divided into two types and six stages, namely simple and proliferative, and the upper two types are divided into three stages according to the nature and degree of fundus lesions. Stage 1 is microhemangioma and hemorrhagic spot. Stage 2 hard exudate and hemorrhagic spots, stage 3 soft exudates and hemorrhagic spots, stage 4 retinal neovascularization and/or vitreous hemorrhage.

Stage 5 neovascularization with visible fibroproliferation and stage 6 retinal detachment on the basis of the above. The most important thing is to control blood sugar, while controlling blood pressure, lowering blood lipids, and also applying some drugs to improve microcirculation. In severe cases, eye surgery** is required.

Diabetic retinopathy can be divided into early and late stages. Patients in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy generally have no obvious symptoms, and some patients will have varying degrees of vision loss. Patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy have severe vision loss, vascular glaucoma, and even blindness.

Fundus lesions are common in patients with hypertensive retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, and retinopathy due to nephropathy. Including periretinal venous inflammation, retinal vein occlusion and other related diseases, it is recommended that patients go to the hospital for examination in time to avoid delaying the condition.

Guidance: Hello, look at the above, after eye laser myopia, blurred vision occurs in winter, you need to go to the local regular hospital ophthalmology department, give detailed examination, symptomatic support**, uncomfortable symptoms will be relieved, try to recover the condition, improve vision, avoid visual fatigue, avoid tiredness, avoid staying up late, pay attention to rest, maintain adequate sleep, I wish you a good day**.

According to the situation you described, consider that it is caused by excessive eye time and fatigue, do not be too nervous, and it is recommended that you pay attention to rest and drink plenty of boiled water. Light diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, avoid spicy and greasy food, if necessary, you can go to the hospital for eye examination to further determine the **plan, I wish you an early **.

There are many types of macular degeneration, both hereditary and age-related, and some concurrent factors, hereditary macular degeneration is generally caused by patients since childhood, such as juvenile macular degeneration, as well as age-related macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration. High myopia itself will also lead to macular lesions, which can usually be used to open the pupils and then clean the eyes with pupil cleansing, which will play a role in relief.

Fundus disease is a kind of disease with many types, complex and changeable conditions, and fundus disease is just a general term, which is subdivided into many kinds of eye diseases; Early symptoms of fundus disease around the fundus are often not detected by the patient. By the time the patient feels a decrease in vision, the course of the disease may already be severe.

Doctor: Zhang Kena's condition analysis:

The ultimate harm of your fundus arteriosclerosis is the possibility of causing blindness, and if you can**, you can choose to undergo surgery for intraocular lens implantation** to see the opinions: at the same time, the positive** causes of arteriosclerosis, such as hypertension and diabetes.

Long-term oral anti-platelet aggregation drugs and drugs to promote blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis are to see.

Problem analysis: A week ago, you suddenly couldn't see anything in your right eye, combined with your age, it may be retinal vascular obstruction or spasmodic lesions, or it may be optic neuropathy.

Opinions and suggestions: It is recommended to go to the ophthalmology department of a regular hospital for visual acuity, visual field, slit lamp and ophthalmoscopy, clarify the specific cause, and carry out **. If you have high blood pressure, diabetes, etc., you should be active and regular**.

Hello, there are 4 levels. Grade 1: Functional stenosis of the retinal arteries or mild sclerosis, mainly in the 2nd branch and below.

Grade 2: The degree of retinal arteriosclerosis is more pronounced than that of grade 1, with uneven arterial stenosis and arteriovenous cross-indentation.

Grade 3: In addition to retinal artery stenosis and sclerosis, there are retinopathy such as retinal edema, cotton wool spots, hard leukoplakia, and hemorrhagic spots.

Grade 4: Optic disc edema in addition to grade 3 changes.

First of all, let's talk about what is fundus lesions, fundus disease usually refers to diseases inside the eyeball, such as diseases of the vitreous, retina, choroid or optic nerve, so if it is due to congenital genetic factors that cause lesions in the above parts, it is collectively referred to as hereditary fundus disease.

The more common types include retinitis pigmentosa, retinoblastoma or familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, etc., this type of disease is usually due to genetic abnormalities, which leads to the occurrence of hereditary lesions, there is no particularly effective method for these diseases, only when the condition is more serious, there are particularly obvious complications to consider going to, there is no particularly effective method before this.

Fundus lesions are a general term for ophthalmic lesions, and all lesions that occur in the vitreous and retinal areas are collectively referred to as fundus lesions. Its causes include trauma, inflammation and systemic lesions such as diabetes and hypertension. Fundus lesions are mainly opacities of the vitreous humor, hemorrhage, and diseases that occur on the retina, such as retinal detachment.

The main symptom of fundus lesions is sudden blurring of vision, loss of vision, or decreased vision.

There are blood vessels, optic nerves, macula, etc. in the fundus, so the lesions in these parts are called fundus lesions, which is a general term for a type of disease. If you find that you have vision loss, abnormal color vision, or deformed vision, it is recommended to go to the ophthalmology hospital or the ophthalmology department of a tertiary hospital for fundus examination in time.

The eye is one of the most fragile and delicate organs in the human body, so it must be paid attention to, fundus diseases are generally divided into retinal vascular disease, acquired macular disease-related diseases, inflammatory diseases, fundus nutritional disorders, retinal detachment, tumors, acquired optic nerve diseases, congenital anomalies, etc. If your eyes are uncomfortable, you must seek medical attention in time, do not delay, and do not blindly **.

All diseases such as retina and vitreous are collectively referred to as fundus lesions, including many diseases, which should be diagnosed according to the doctor's examination and carried out accordingly.

Fundus disease includes lesions of the vitreous, retina, choroid, optic nerve. There is a book that systematically treats fundus diseases, probably more than 700 pages. Fundus disease can cause severe damage to vision and can often cause permanent damage if not done in time.

Decreased vision, obscuring vision, distorted vision, and darkening of vision can all be symptoms of fundus disease. Moreover, a large proportion of fundus diseases are painless. The only way is to go to the hospital for a check-up and follow the doctor's instructions**!

As an eye disease. Fundus lesions have become the primary cause of blindness in our population due to their complexity, dangerous condition, and high blindness rate. In patients with fundus lesions, there are generally two clinical manifestations:

First, patients have varying degrees of vision loss, and in severe cases, monocular or binocular vision is greatly reduced, or even no light perception. If it accumulates in the macula, it can cause visual constriction and deformation. The second is that the field of vision is reduced or there are dark shadows, and the patient feels that there are black "floaters", "tadpoles" or "spider webs" in front of himWhen it comes to fundus lesions, they can roughly include arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, nephritis, anemia, influenza, tuberculosis, high myopia, intracranial epistasis, etc.

From the perspective of the disease population, fundus disease may occur at all ages. We all know that the eyeball is a spherical object. The whites of the eyes are black, and it is clear at a glance, but we can't see the back part, which is the bottom of the eye.

The cornea, lens, etc. in the front of the eye is called the anterior segment of the eye, and the back is called the fundus. The fundus is composed of three membranes, the outer layer is the white sclera, the middle layer is brown called the choroid, and the inner layer is the retina. Each layer has arteries, and venous blood vessels are responsible for supplying nutrients, but if the inner two layers of membranes are damaged, it will cause tissue paralysis and induce lesions such as blood vessels, optic nerves, and macular diseases, which is often referred to as fundus disease.

According to the staging criteria formulated by the Chinese Medical Association, diabetic retinopathy can be divided into type 2 and stage 6. Stage 1 and 3 are simple or non-proliferative, and stage 4 and 6 are proliferative. Higher staging indicates more severe lesions.

The stage of fundus lesions should be based on fundus examination of mydriatic (premise: no angle-closure glaucoma), especially in patients with a long course of disease, because fundus lesions cannot be fully detected under the small pupils. The stage of fundus lesions is clear, and there is a basis for what kind of ** to use.

Generally speaking, stage 1 fundus lesions are mainly focused on blood sugar control, and the fundus should be rechecked every year, and early Chinese medicine is generally required**. If there is no macular edema for stage 2 fundus lesions, blood lipids and blood pressure should be controlled on the basis of blood glucose control to prevent the development of the lesions. The extent of stage 3 fundus lesions** depends on the extent of the lesion, with mild stage 3 lesions** being the same as stage 2 lesions, and the fundus should be followed closely.

Hello, fundus lesions are a general term for a class of diseases, which can be divided into many different diseases, so the programs and prognosis of different diseases are different. For example, age-related macular degeneration can be divided into two types:

The first is dry macular degeneration, and there is currently no definite and effective way to treat this disease, so it is difficult to treat this disease.

The second is wet age-related macular degeneration, which is mainly caused by neovascularization or hemorrhage, which can be achieved by intraocular injection of anti-VEGF drugs, such as ranibizumab injection.

There are also fundus diseases such as macular hole, epimacular membrane, retinal detachment, etc., which require early surgery** once detected, and the degree of vision recovery after surgery depends on the severity of the disease and the length of time the disease has appeared. Therefore, after the existence of fundus disease in the eye, it is necessary to go to the hospital for a detailed fundus examination, and only after clarifying the ** can we know whether it can be ** and to what extent it can be recovered.

Problem Analysis: This friend. Hello, I have seen your symptoms.

The main problem is high blood pressure, you use too many medications, high blood pressure should be comprehensive**, I don't know how high your blood pressure is. Normal people are 149-90. High blood pressure increases with age.

However, hypotension should not exceed 90 at any age

Suggestions: Suggestions. 1. Diet**, should be light, eat more vegetables.

Black fungus, soy products, can not be eaten too salty. Do not eat the internal organs of animals. 2.

Don't drink alcohol. Eat less in the evening. Low-sugar, low-fat, food, 2, drugs can not be eaten too much, because some medicines have ***.

Nifedipine can be used. Aspirin, simvastatin tablets, can be taken for a long time ,