How to understand import bills and export bills, and what is the process?

Export Bills:

The exporter submits an application for a bill purchase to the business bank according to the business needs, and after the bank approves and approves, it signs the "Export Charge Summary Pledge" with the exporter; After each shipment, the exporter fills in the "Application for Export Bills", applies for financing to the bank, and submits all the documents required by the letter of credit or ** contract to the bank; The bank reviews the relevant documents and issues the mortgage remittance to the exporter; Banks send bills to the outside world to ask for remittance; After receiving the foreign exchange, it will be returned to the export bill. Import bills.

The definition refers to the letter of credit after the order arrives and is verified to be correct, the applicant for the issuance of the letter of credit due to the capital turnover, unable to timely pay the redemption of the bill, to the letter of credit under the document representing the right of goods as a pledge, and at the same time provide the necessary mortgage pledge or other guarantees, by the bank in advance on behalf of the external payment.

Import Bills: If the customer is the applicant (importer) for the issuance of the L/C business, the bank can provide the customer with short-term financing for the payment of the L/C, i.e., import bills, after receiving the documents issued by the customer from the foreign exporter, if the documents are consistent. At this time, the customer does not need to pay the amount under the L/C, and can obtain the documents under the L/C, which not only saves the cost of occupying funds, but also obtains financing convenience.

Under the letter of credit, after the documents arrive at the bank, the bank will ask the importer to pay first before giving you the documents. In many cases, in order to facilitate capital turnover, enterprises will handle import bills in banks. What is the import bill, you can search for it.

In that is, the letter of credit and the bill of exchange are two concepts, two things, don't get it wrong.

Basic Operation Procedure].

1.After the arrival of the export documents, the applicant shall submit a request for import bills and fill in the Application Form for Import Bills. 2.The applicant for the issuance of the certificate provides the bank with recent financial statements.

Import contract, issuance application and other materials.

3.The applicant for the issuance of the certificate issues a trust receipt to the bank and, if necessary, provides a security deposit.

and other security measures.

4.After the above procedures are completed, the bank will issue the import mortgage remittance to the applicant.

Typical Case】 The bank opened a L/C at sight in the amount of US$5 million at the request of the importer, Company A.

After the documents under the L/C arrived, Company A applied to the bank for import bills. After examination, the documents received are a full set of property rights documents under the L/C, and fully meet the requirements of the L/C. Company A is a bank ** financing.

For key customers, the bank has approved a credit line of US$10 million for import bills.

According to the bank's regulations, this business can be handled directly without credit review. In this case, Company A issued a trust receipt to the bank and signed an import bill purchase agreement with the bank. After completing the above procedures, the bank will release the bill to Company A and make the payment in advance.

Import bills and export bills are both ways for banks to finance enterprises. Lines of credit need to be applied for and approved in advance.

After the bank approves a certain amount of quota for the enterprise, the import bill advance means that when the deadline for payment of foreign exchange for imports arrives, the bank will advance the payment for the goods first, and if the period for the payment of foreign exchange for imports is 60 days, the enterprise will return the bank payment and related interest and expenses 60 days after the deadline for payment of foreign exchange for imports.

Export bills are bills made by the bank to settle the foreign exchange (generally 80 90 of the export amount) to the exporter before the export receipts, and repay the principal and interest to the bank after the foreign exchange is collected (or after the deadline for the bills is reached).

For specific procedures, it is generally necessary to import and export customs declarations, invoices, contracts and other documents, and it is recommended to consult the relevant banks.

Billing: It is not to deposit the letter of credit in the bank and apply for a loan. Relying only on the original letter of credit and not submitting the documents, it is called "packing loan".

At present, banks are basically managed like working capital loans, and there are more follow-up management requirements than working capital loans, so they basically exist in name only. Bills are the same as "export negotiations", which are applied for after submitting documents to the bank (generally apply at the same time when submitting documents, and the same document as the document submission contact form). In the practical language of banks and the oral language of bank international settlement practitioners, "bills" is the act of handing over the documents under the letter of credit to the bank and financing the beneficiary before the bank receives the payment from the issuing bank, which is a concept that can cover "export negotiation".

For example, the department of BOCHK that handles L/C documents and financing is called "Bills Bills Center".

Negotiation: According to the spirit of the UCP600 era, it is the act of the negotiating bank to prepay or agree to prepay the payment of the beneficiary's letter of credit under the letter of credit before being repaid.

What's the difference? I can responsibly tell you that the people in the banking industry themselves are not clear: the first time I came into contact with the financing after the submission of documents under the letter of credit, the agreement signed is called the export bill purchase contract - there is no equivalent export negotiation contract!

Later, the term "export bills" was not used in the domestic general rules of loans and in the world, and it was uniformly changed to "export negotiation contract". After some time, I felt that the "export negotiation" had to "pay the consideration", but the bank might not do that, so it was said that it would have to be changed back to the export bills contract. Please note that the Export Bills Contract and the Export Negotiation Contract will not be used at the same time, as the bank will see that this is the same thing.

For myself, if:1The handling bank does not have the "settlement financial institution quota" of the issuing bank or the quota is insufficient, so it must occupy the credit line of the beneficiary and implement relevant guarantee measures according to the credit conditions.

2.The financing bank has a credit line from the issuing bank, but there are discrepancies in the documents, and the confirmation of the issuing bank has not yet been obtained, so it must occupy the credit line of the beneficiary.

3.If the financing bank has a credit line of the issuing bank, and there is no discrepancy in the documents, or if there is a discrepancy but the issuing bank has accepted and accepted it, it does not have to occupy the credit line of the beneficiary but occupies the "settlement financial institution line" of the issuing bank"。The financing bank is worried about the operational risk and does not make financing when sending the bill, but must wait for the issuing bank to promise to pay before financing.

I generally prefer to call it: "export bills".

If the handling bank has the "settlement financial institution quota" of the issuing bank and has a balance that meets the requirements of the documents, the bank will credit the beneficiary account with the amount of interest and procedures withheld at the same time as sending the documents, which I can call "export negotiation".

Therefore, domestic banks do not have "export negotiations".

It is not a matter of property rights, and no matter what it is called, there is recourse under the provisions of domestic financing agreements.

Categories: Business Banking >> Trade Bend Slow.

Analysis: I think what meiyan1989 asked is not the usual export letter of credit bills, but the export credit insurance business that we often hear about, this kind of business because our company is also operating, so I can explain:

Generally, if the payment method is not prepayment, and the payment time is longer, such as t t 80, after the goods are shipped, the payment can only be made within 80 days, on the one hand, burying the cracked plum will affect the company's funds, and on the other hand, the risk of collecting foreign exchange is also relatively large. In a buyer's market, this payment method is sometimes obligatory. Therefore, export credit insurance can be used to deal with this situation.

First of all, it is necessary to sign an agreement with the bank that cooperates with the Export Credit Insurance Corporation in credit insurance. The flow of the business is as follows:

1.After exporting, fax the invoice to the credit insurance company, and the other party will fax the insurance book;

2.Provide the insurance letter to the bank together with a copy of the export declaration, a copy of the bill of lading, a loan application and a commercial invoice, and the bank will lend a certain percentage of the purchase price to the enterprise in advance;

3.After the customer makes the payment, the bank will deduct the loan and interest, and return the rest to the enterprise.

In addition, the enterprise also has to pay insurance money to the export credit insurance company; If the payment is not recovered, then the credit insurance company will be responsible for repaying the loan from the bank.

Simple is that.

Import bills and export bills are both ways for banks to finance enterprises. Lines of credit need to be applied for and approved in advance.

After the bank approves a certain amount of quota for the enterprise, the import bill payment is empty and dry refers to the arrival of the import foreign exchange payment period, the bank will first advance the payment, if the import bill payment period is 60 days, then 60 days after the import foreign exchange payment deadline arrives, the enterprise will return the bank payment and related interest and fees. Export bills are billed to the exporter before the export receipt, and the bank will first settle the foreign exchange (generally 80 90 of the export amount) to the exporter, and repay the principal and interest to the bank after the foreign exchange is collected.

If the negotiating bank submits the documents to the issuing bank, and the issuing bank has no discrepancies after strict examination of the documents, or if there are discrepancies but both the customer and the issuing bank agree to accept them, the issuing bank shall make the payment within reasonable working hours and notify the applicant to redeem the bill. At this time, the applicant has not seen the goods, there may be financial difficulties in the payment of vouchers, and the issuing bank can not immediately collect money from the applicant according to the agreement, but deduct its credit line, handle the import bill, and then pay after the applicant's ** goods recover the funds.

Legal basis. Article 403 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China [Effect of Chattel Mortgage] Where chattel is mortgaged, the mortgage right shall be established when the mortgage contract takes effect; Without registration, it is not allowed to confront a bona fide third party.

Article 404 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China [No retrospective effect of chattel mortgage] Where chattel property is mortgaged, it shall not be used against a buyer who has paid a reasonable price and obtained the mortgaged property in normal business activities.

Article 405 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China [Relationship between Mortgage Right and Lease Right] If the mortgaged property has been leased and transferred to possession before the mortgage is established, the original lease relationship shall not be affected by the mortgage.

Article 406 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China [Disposal of Mortgaged Property] During the mortgage period, the mortgagor may transfer the mortgaged property. Where the parties agree otherwise, follow their agreement. If the property is transferred, the mortgage right shall not be affected.

Where the mortgagor transfers the mortgaged property, it shall promptly notify the mortgagee. If the mortgagee can prove that the transfer of the mortgaged property may damage the mortgage right, it may request the mortgagor to pay off the debts or deposit the proceeds of the transfer to the mortgagee in advance. The part of the transfer price that exceeds the amount of the claim shall belong to the mortgagor, and the debtor shall pay off the shortfall.

Article 63 Pledge of movable property refers to the transfer of movable property by the debtor or a third party to the possession of the creditor and the use of the movable property as security for the creditor's rights.