Tang Poetry How did Song poetry come down in ancient times?

Inscriptions, anthologies, nursery rhymes, oral traditions.

Tang poems and Song words are not only poems in the Tang Dynasty, but only words in the Song Dynasty. Both the Tang and Song dynasties had poems and lyrics, but in the Tang Dynasty, poetry reached its peak, while the Song Dynasty was the peak of lyrics. Tang and Song poems are two shining pearls in the history of Chinese literature.

The Tang Dynasty produced many excellent poems and poets, and the Tang Dynasty was a prosperous period for the development of poetry. Tang poetry also has different styles and genres, including the Huajian school represented by Wen Tingyun, the landscape pastoral school represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, and the Biansai poets represented by Cen Shen, and a large number of outstanding poets such as the poet Immortal Li Bai, the poet Saint Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Li Shangyin, Jia Dao, etc., who twinkled like stars in the Tang Dynasty poetry circle. Finally, with the decline of Tang Dynasty politics, Tang poetry gradually faded and became a bright pearl in the history of Chinese literature.

Ci, also known as Quzi Ci, had become popular during the Sui Dynasty. Its production, development and creation are all related to **, which is a kind of **literature, mainly used for entertainment and banquet performance. Wang Zhuo of the Song Dynasty said in "Biji Manzhi":

Since the cover of the Sui Dynasty, the so-called tunes of today have gradually flourished, and they have flourished a little in the Tang Dynasty. The word first became popular among the people. "Dunhuang Quzi Ci" includes folk songs from the Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty.

In the Middle and Tang dynasties, Zhang Zhihe, Wei Yingwu, Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi and others began to write lyrics, introducing this style of writing into the literary world. Wen Tingyun, the originator of the late Tang Dynasty, and Li Yu, Feng Yansi, and other poets of the Southern Tang Dynasty have all contributed to the advancement and development of the word and the mature style.

Ci finally became one of the independent literary genres in ancient China, and reached an unprecedented peak of development in the Song Dynasty. The lyrics of the Song Dynasty are also changeable in style, and there are many lyricists. There are Liu Sanchang, who is ordered to fill in the words, there is the graceful faction represented by Li Qingzhao, there is the arrogant faction of Su Shi, and there is Xin Qiji, who is both graceful and arrogant.

Words, also known as long and short sentences, flourished in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty to achieve unprecedented prosperity. Everyone competed to fill in the lyrics, so that the output of poems was not high, and the Song Dynasty also had excellent poetry, but it was not as good as the poetry flourishing period of the Tang Dynasty. Song Ci is also another shining pearl in the history of Chinese literature.

As a literary development in China, Tang and Song poetry flourished and declined with the change of dynasties. It can be seen that literature is built on the basis of politics and economy, and when a dynasty prospers, literature will also prosper unprecedentedly, and when a dynasty declines, literature will begin to darken.

Tang poetry does not mean that the Tang Dynasty only had poetry and the Song Dynasty only had words, it just shows that the genre of poetry was more popular in the Tang Dynasty, and the literary genre of words was more popular in the Song Dynasty.

No. Tang poetry and Song Ci refer to the poetry with the highest literary achievement in the Tang Dynasty, and the highest literary achievement in the Song Dynasty is the word. In addition, the Tang Dynasty also had words, which originated in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty; The Song Dynasty also had poetry, and many famous poets were also poets, and there were highly accomplished poems that have been handed down.

Not really; The reason why there is such a statement is because in the Tang Dynasty, poetry had the highest literary achievement, and in the Song Dynasty, the literary achievement of words was the highest.

Poetry in the Tang and Song dynasties is also a genre and a style. The ancients expressed one thing or relaxed their inner feelings in a simple and lively way. Not only is it catchy, but it is full of charm, so everyone loves it.

Most literati liked to make friends together, even in poetry, which formed a form of exchange of ideas among the upper classes. Every poet or calligrapher has his or her own circle of cultural exchange.

<> it has become fashionable to drink with friends and confidants. Du Fu, Li Bai, Du Mu, and Li Shangyin were famous poets of the Tang Dynasty and a friend. Du Fu is a saint of poetry.

Although these literati were brilliant, they were not politically successful. Because of his eccentric temper, he was proud. He can't stand the corruption of officialdom and easily offends villains, so he has been working in officialdom for a long time.

There are only idle clouds and wild cranes, and after retirement, they meet friends with poems. Li Bai and Du Fu are the most typical examples. As for Song Ci, the most famous female poet is Li Qingzhao.

Li Qingzhao had a bumpy life.

The advantage of Song Ci is that it can be played and sung, so it is easy to pass down. Tang poetry and Song poetry were also two peak periods in the development of ancient culture. This problem can be boiled down to several aspects.

Specific to the strong cultural atmosphere of the whole society at that time, the poet saw good poetry as if he saw a treasure, not only did he love it and repeat it, but also spread rapidly in the circle of friends like a snowball, making it a household name. Among them, the cultural atmosphere of the Tang and Song dynasties was the strongest.

It is to choose poetry, and to read and become an official, you must first conduct a poetry competition, that is, to write a poetry exam, and poetry and literature are a general view of a country. As a result, the speed and quality of the works are high, and most of the works are timeless. Specialized official institutions collected poetic works for poets and made them into books.

In ancient times, there were spiritual leaders on a literary and cultural level, who regarded the sages as thirsty and loved as life. Even if you are a white pudding, as long as you have high-quality works of art, you can be recommended and disseminated in the literati and society, and even spread through the ages! "。

Ancient poetry was circulated in many ways:

1. Publish a collection of poems. This method requires money, and there are generally three types: one is to pay for your own poetry collection; the second is to appreciate the financial support of high-ranking officials and nobles who appreciate the poems they make; The third is that publishers want to make a profit by publishing poetry collections to make money.

2. Artist communication. The first poems were combined with ** and dance, which was an important feature of early poetry. Therefore, a lot of poetry is spread through entertainment venues such as green buildings and theaters, which is why so many poets often visit there.

3. Folk communication. Although ordinary people can't make poems, they can read poems, just like the folk poems made by Bai Juyi, Du Fu and others are widely circulated among the people.

4. Poems of scenic spots. Poets often have such a habit, no matter what inspiration or emotion they have, they always like to write it down with a pen, so they often see many scenic spots with poems, a good poem will make the scenic spot more famous, and thus these poems have been handed down, even more effective than other ways and so on.

Or some way of recording, 1. Carved stone. For example, many of the walls and rocks of various places have the handwriting of poets.

2. Poetry Collection. Poets are not necessarily poor, such as Yan Shu, Nalan Rongruo, etc., and the poems they write will be published in their own poetry collections.

3. Oral transmission. It's like singing doesn't have to look at the lyrics to sing, it may just be listening to others sing and singing.

Fourth, posterity reviews and sorting. For example, Wang Guowei likes to do this thing the most. Organize the poems together and add your own feelings.

5. Wild History**. In a certain **, a poem suddenly appeared. The most representative is "full of absurd words and a handful of bitter tears" in "Dream of Red Mansions".

Before we read poetry, we must first have such an awareness, we are today

Every poem we read is our luck.

The poems, lyrics, songs, and even ** we see today are probably only one-tenth of all works. Some people say that those that have not been handed down must be badly written, and those who are well written, no matter how good they are, will be handed down. This is ridiculously naïve, according to this logic, the more than 40,000 poems of the Qianlong Emperor should not exist in the world.

Even if you take a hundred years as the time scale, the circulation of these works will face disappearing. What's more, to go through the vicissitudes of one or two thousand years, and to experience wars, disasters, death, time and many other devastations?

You just have to remember that what can be passed down is not necessarily related to talent, but must be related to luck.

Over the past two thousand years, how many kingdoms have been destroyed, how many cities have been desolate, and how many palaces have been reduced to ashes. I went to the original mountain of Raoyang, Jiangxi Province to worship the tomb of Xin Jiaxuan, the tombstone in front of the tomb was built in the year of Qianlong, and to this day, the inscription on the tablet has been unrecognizable. Imagine how many inscriptions of literati in ancient times disappeared in the rain and wind, maybe you once had a stone wall leaning on a scenic spot, and a poet in green shirts inscribed an earth-shattering poem.

1. Carved stone. Bai is like a place of interest.

du walls, mountain stones, many of them have dao their handwriting.

2. Poetry Collection. The poems are not necessarily poor, such as Yan Shu, Nalan Rongruo, etc., and the poems they write are published in their own poetry collections.

3. Oral transmission. It's like you don't have to look at the lyrics to sing, you may just listen to others sing and you will.

Fourth, posterity reviews and sorting. For example, Wang Guowei likes to do this thing the most. Organize the poems together and add your own feelings.

5. Wild History**. In a certain **, a poem suddenly appeared. The most representative is "full of absurd words and a handful of bitter tears" in "Dream of Red Mansions".

Tang poetry bai refers to the creation of the Tang Dynasty.

The poems of the poets are the wisdom masterpieces of the Confucian literati of the Tang Dynasty. Tang poetry is a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.

It is a pearl in the treasure house of Chinese culture, and has also had a great impact on the cultural development of many countries in the world, and has important reference significance for future generations to study the politics, folk feelings, customs, and culture of the Tang Dynasty.

Historically, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period had the work of compiling du. After the invention of engraving and printing in the Tang Dynasty, there were private publishing workshops of the nature of the private publishing industry. The carving workshop is a handicraft book engraving institution run by ordinary booksellers, which appeared in the Tang Dynasty, but it really flourished and became an important force in book publishing during the Song Dynasty.

A poem that is sung casually.

bai, unless it is a celebrity or dignitary will du someone write it down, the poetry of the general public will not be inside.

Write it down. Some have something to remember.

After the poet finishes chanting, he will write it down in real time, and this good poem will be circulated and spread by people. There are also many poems that are written, especially those that are long. The records of the plain and approachable only expound the influence on the scale of dissemination, and they have been preserved for a long time, and the official collection and compilation have been successful.

In fact, there are a lot of poems that have been lost, which is a pity.

Ancient poetry mainly used paper copying and stone carving, and poets with conditions could publish their own poetry collections, so that their works could be handed down.

Genus. If there is no condition, it still depends on the collection and sorting of the people around him, and it can also be circulated. The poetry style of the Tang Dynasty was very prosperous, and it is said that there was a person who was contemporaneous with Li Bai who specially collected Li Bai's poems.

Generally in the feeling of traveling with friends. Isodu

Homesickness, climbing the building to look far away, drinking and going to the banquet, poetry, improvisational poetry. The pride and ambition of the version jumped on the paper. (Take the poet immortal Li Bai as an example) Think first and write.

However, such as being written for a friend at the request of a friend (such as: "The Story of Yueyang Tower" and other praise for others is written well, engraved on the floor, stone tablet. Praise the great achievements of the local **).

Circulating words, take the Han, Tang and Song dynasties as an example, the Han and Tang dynasties, and Yuefu. Attached: Some are sung by the people, and the Son of Heaven is sent to collect them. (Refer to the "Book of Songs") Song (most of the dynasties are) is the singing of courtesans and so on. (This is the case with Liu Yong's poems).

Speak casually.

of poems, unless they are celebrities or power sources.

Someone in your guild will write it down, but ordinary people's poems will not be recorded. Some poets who have a heart to remember will record them in time after chanting, and the good poems will be circulated by people to each other and passed down. There are also many poems that are written, especially those that are long.

The ancients revered and sometimes even worshipped poetry, especially those who could not write poetry, and they were the main force that enabled poetry to be handed down. Due to the lack of advanced printing technology in ancient times, the ancients attached great importance to copying and recording, which is the main reason why many words have been passed down to the present. The folk records only played a role in the scope of circulation, and they were preserved for a long time, and the official collection and compilation contributed to it.

Almost every dynasty officially organized large-scale editing activities.

The literary context of China is run through the literary forms such as the Book of Songs, the pre-Qin Zhuzi, Chu Sao, Han Fu, Han Yuefu, Tang poetry, Song Ci, Yuan Qu, Ming and Qing dynasties. However, the development and prosperity of any literary form has a relationship of inheritance and abandonment with other flourishing literatures in the past.

In the past, literature was divided into two types: rhyme and prose, and rhyme is poetry in a broad sense. In a broad sense, poems and words are classical metrical poems. Words and poems belong to rhyme, and they are both representatives of classical metrical poetry.

The relationship between words and poems is the relationship between mother and child, and words are transformed and evolved from poems. From a phonological point of view, poetry is the same as words. The rhyme of the word completely inherits the rhyme of the poem, but the rhyme of the word is wider and can be communicated with each other.

From the point of view of the way of singing, the way of singing the words was incubated from the singing of poems, which was due to the preferences of the supreme ruler at that time, and was vigorously promoted by the official ** organization --- the Jiaofang; They are all easy to be accepted by the general public, catchy, melodious, easy to sing, and rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese culture, so that poetry flourishes. From the point of view of creation, poetry is one, some poems are words, and some words are poems. The phenomenon of Song Dynasty lyricists directly turning Tang poetry into words abounds, some turning several poems into words, and even evolving all Tang poems into words.

These explanations: Song inherited the Tang system, and Song Ci was born from Tang poetry.

Words are not as simple as other genres, it involves both literature and **. As for how the music and lyrics match, because the lyrics are scattered and lost, only the written records are circulated, and it is inconclusive. But the Song Cheng Tang system is an indisputable fact.

This is reflected not only in the inheritance of political and economic systems, but also in the inheritance of cultural systems.